scholarly journals Enhancement of the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen. In vivo administration of antiidiotype induces anti-HBs that expresses a similar idiotype.

1984 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Kennedy ◽  
G R Dreesman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Data Support ◽  
In Vivo Administration ◽  
Specific Determinant

BALB/c mice receiving antiidiotype antibodies before the injection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) generated an enhanced anti-HBs response. Mice given antiidiotype antibodies in a soluble form induced predominantly IgM anti-HBs, whereas alum-precipitated antiidiotype produced primarily IgG anti-HBs. Injection of antiidiotype antibodies alone induced anti-HBs that inhibited a common interspecies anti-HBs idiotype-antiidiotype reaction and recognized the group-specific determinant of HBsAg. These data support the view that antiidiotype antibodies may modulate the immune response to an infectious viral agent.

scholarly journals Mimicry of the a determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen by an antiidiotypic antibody. I. Evaluation in hepatitis B surface antigen responder and nonresponder strains.

1993 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M W Pride ◽  
A Thakur ◽  
Y Thanavala
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
T Cell Response

B and T cell responses of several strains of mice, immunized with a monoclonal antiidiotype (anti-Id) that mimics the a determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), were studied to determine if the immune response to the anti-Id was regulated by H-2-linked immune response genes as has been previously observed for HBsAg. We report that immunization with anti-Id could elicit HBsAg-specific antibodies in mice of the H-2d,q, or f haplotype and in an outbred wild mouse strain (Mus spretus), thus circumventing the H-2 haplotype restriction pattern observed when immunizing with HBsAg in H-2f mice. Purified lymph node T cells from mice of the H-2d or q haplotype and M. spretus that were primed in vivo with HBsAg or anti-Id could be stimulated in vitro with either HBsAg or anti-Id but not with an irrelevant antibody of the same subclass as the anti-Id. However, purified lymph node T cells from H-2f mice that were primed in vivo with the anti-Id could only be stimulated in vitro with anti-Id. No in vitro stimulation whatsoever was observed in H-2f mice immunized with HBsAg. The effect of processing and presentation of the anti-Id by antigen-presenting cells (APC) was studied in mice of the H-2d haplotype. Stimulation of purified lymph node T cells by HBsAg and anti-Id was shown to be strictly dependent on APC and restricted by major histocompatibility complex class II antigens at the I-A locus. Treatment of APC with paraformaldehyde or chloroquine abrogated the T cell response to all antigens except for a nine-amino acid synthetic peptide representing a partial analogue of the group a determinant of HBsAg S(139-147). The significance of these results is discussed in the context of understanding the mechanism of mimicry elicited by the anti-Id.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Carriers for Delivery of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen for Vaccination Using Subcutaneous Route

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Mishra ◽  
Himanshu Mishra ◽  
Pradyumna K. Mishra ◽  
Manoj Nahar ◽  
Vaibhav Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Subcutaneous Route

Purpose: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have emerged as carriers for therapeutic peptides, proteins, antigens and bioactive molecules. We have explored the potential of SLN as carrier for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by surface modifications to enhance their loading efficiency and the cellular uptake, using subcutaneous route. Methods: Four different formulations of SLN were prepared by solvent injection method and characterized for various physical properties: particle size, surface morphology, shape, zeta potential, polydispersity, X-ray diffraction analysis, release profile and entrapment efficiency. HBsAg loaded SLN were studied for their functional characteristics, in vitro cellular uptake and internalization studies by human dendritic cells, macrophages and fibroblasts, T cell proliferation and TH1/TH2 response. Humoral immune response elicited by subcutaneously administered HBsAg containing SLN formulations were studied in vivo in mice. Results: Compared to soluble HBsAg; SLN, particularly the mannosylated formulation, showed better cellular uptake, lesser cytotoxicity and induction of greater TH1 type of immune response. They also showed better immunological potential by producing sustained antibody titer. Conclusion: Mannosylated SLN appears to be promising as carrier for vaccine delivery against hepatitis B as ascertained by in vitro and in vivo studies, however further investigations on humans are required to establish their potential as vaccines against hepatitis B infection.

scholarly journals Genetic regulation of the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). IV. Distinct H-2-linked Ir genes control antibody responses to different HBsAg determinants on the same molecule and map to the I-A and I-C subregions.

1984 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Milich ◽  
G G Leroux-Roels ◽  
R E Louie ◽  
F V Chisari
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Ir Genes

We have previously demonstrated that the murine humoral immune responses to the group-specific a and subtype-specific d/y determinants of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are controlled by H-2-linked immune response (Ir) genes. High responder (H-2d,q), intermediate responder (H-2a greater than b greater than k) and nonresponder (H-2f,s) haplotypes have been identified (8, 9). The kinetics and specificity of in vivo antibody production after HBsAg immunization in congeneic, H-2-recombinant strains was analyzed to further define relevant Ir genes and their influence on the immune response to distinct antigenic determinants. These studies indicate that the humoral anti-HBs response is regulated by at least two Ir genes, one in the I-A subregion (Ir-HBs-1) and one in the I-C subregion (Ir-HBs-2) of the murine H-2 complex. Ir-HBs-1 regulates the primary responses to all HBsAg determinants, whereas the influence of Ir-HBs-2 is determinant specific, affecting the responses to the d or y determinants. The anti-a response is regulated exclusively by Ir-HBs-1. Strains possessing only the Ir-HBs-2 gene [B10.S(9R) and B10.HTT] produce no anti-a response and a subtype-specific antibody response is detected only after secondary or tertiary immunization. In contrast, the influence of Ir-HBs-2 in the presence of Ir-HBs-1 is detected upon primary immunization and is additive rather than exclusive. There is also suggestive evidence that the presence of the Ek molecule, at least in the context of I-Ak, may have a suppressive influence on the anti-HBs response. Additionally, HBsAg-specific, T cell proliferative responses were H-2 restricted and the kinetics and specificity of T cell proliferative responses paralleled in vivo antibody production. These data indicate that, although the I-A subregion exerts a dominant influence, distinct Ir-HBs genes, mapping in separate I subregions, control immune responses to alternate HBsAg determinants on the same protein molecule.

scholarly journals Immune response by nasal delivery of hepatitis B surface antigen and codelivery of a CpG ODN in alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Borges ◽  
Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva ◽  
Joana Tavares ◽  
Nuno Santarém ◽  
Adriano de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Nasal Delivery ◽  
Cpg Odn

scholarly journals PACKAGING OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN VACCINE AND MORINGA OLEIFERA EXTRACT INTO CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Diky Mudhakir ◽  
Adik Ahmadi ◽  
Muhamad Insanu ◽  
Neny Nuraini
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency

Objective: Oftentimes, the recombinant antigen for the use of vaccines is less immunogenic than live attenuated or inactive vaccines. Hence, a potent adjuvant is needed to enhance the immune response. Moreover, the role of vector design is also important to facilitate the improvement of the immune response. The aim of this research was to develop hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-loaded nanoparticles and Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extracts as an adjuvant using chitosan polymer. Methods: Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate as the cross-linking agent. A system was composed of chitosan core in which HBsAg and M. oleifera extracts were incorporated. The concentration of HBsAg used in this combination was 10 μg/ml, and the concentrations of extracts were 10, 50, and 100 μg/ml, respectively. In this study, three types of nanoparticles were produced: HBsAg-loaded nanoparticles, M. oleifera-loaded nanoparticles, and combination of HBsAg–M. oleifera-loaded nanoparticles. The nanoparticles formed were characterized by the particle size, HBsAg entrapment efficiency using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the entrapment efficiency of extracts using the total flavonoid method. Results: The results showed that the particle size was between 111 and 245 nm. The entrapment efficiency of HBsAg in the separate formula was 79%, while that in the combined formula was approximately 96–98%. Furthermore, the entrapment efficiency of the extracts in the separate formula was around 64–91%, while that in the combined formula was 55–82.5%. Particularly, HBsAg–M. oleifera-loaded chitosan nanoparticles with the extract concentrations of 50 μg/ml showed the highest entrapment efficiencies of HBsAg and M. oleifera extracts of approximately 98 and 82.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Collectively, the system has been successfully developed, so it is then plausible to determine the function of the devices to enhance the immune response in the future.

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