scholarly journals Influenza Virus Lung Infection Protects from Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Induced Immunopathology

2000 ◽  
Vol 192 (9) ◽  
pp. 1317-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Walzl ◽  
Sabrina Tafuro ◽  
Paul Moss ◽  
Peter J.M. Openshaw ◽  
Tracy Hussell
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Attachment Protein ◽  
Helper Cell Type ◽  
Lung Eosinophilia ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The 1960S

The effect of infection history is ignored in most animal models of infectious disease. The attachment protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induces T helper cell type 2–driven pulmonary eosinophilia in mice similar to that seen in the failed infant vaccinations in the 1960s. We show that previous influenza virus infection of mice: (a) protects against weight loss, illness, and lung eosinophilia; (b) attenuates recruitment of inflammatory cells; and (c) reduces cytokine secretion caused by RSV attachment protein without affecting RSV clearance. This protective effect can be transferred via influenza-immune splenocytes to naive mice and is long lived. Previous immunity to lung infection clearly plays an important and underestimated role in subsequent vaccination and infection. The data have important implications for the timing of vaccinations in certain patient groups, and may contribute to variability in disease susceptibility observed in humans.

scholarly journals Involvement of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Innate Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (22) ◽  
pp. 10730-10737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia M. Haynes ◽  
Deborah D. Moore ◽  
Evelyn A. Kurt-Jones ◽  
Robert W. Finberg ◽  
Larry J. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT The mammalian Toll-like receptor 4, TLR4, is an important component in the innate immune response to gram-negative bacterial infection. The role of TLR4 in antiviral immunity has been largely unexplored. In this study, the in vivo immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus infection were examined in TLR4-deficient (C57BL/10ScNCr) and TLR4-expressing (C57BL/10Sn) mice. TLR4-deficient mice challenged with RSV, but not influenza virus, exhibited impaired natural killer (NK) cell and CD14+ cell pulmonary trafficking, deficient NK cell function, impaired interleukin-12 expression, and impaired virus clearance compared to mice expressing TLR4. These findings suggest that Toll signaling pathways have an important role in innate immunity to RSV.

scholarly journals Respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza virus infection in Bangkok, 2016-2017

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilada Thongpan ◽  
Nungruthai Suntronwong ◽  
Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana ◽  
Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽  
Sompong Vongpunsawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Children and adults residing in densely populated urban centers around the world are at risk of seasonal influenza-like illness caused by respiratory viruses such as influenza virus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In a large metropolitan of Thailand’s capital city Bangkok, most respiratory infections are rarely confirmed by molecular diagnostics. We therefore examined the frequency of RSV, hMPV, and influenza virus in 8,842 patients who presented influenza-like illness and sought medical care at a large hospital in Bangkok between 2016 and 2017. Using a multiplex real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 30.5% (2,699/8,842) of nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples tested positive for one or more of these viruses. Influenza virus comprised 17.3% (1,528/8,842), of which the majority were influenza A/H3N2. Such infection was most prevalent among adults and the elderly. RSV was identified in 11.4% (1,011/8,842) and were mostly ON1 and BA9 genotypes. Of the hMPV-positive samples (3.6%, 318/8,842), genotypes A2, B1, and B2 were detected. A small number of individuals experienced co-infections (1.8%, 155/8,842), most commonly between RSV and influenza A/H3N2. RSV and hMPV co-infections were also found, but mainly in young children. Viral respiratory tract infection peaked locally in the rainy season (June to September). These findings support the utility of rapid nucleic acid testing of RSV, hMPV, and influenza virus in patients with ILI.

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