scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER OBSTRUCTION OF THE ESOPHAGUS AND OF THE CARDIAC END OF THE STOMACH

1923 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Marked Rise ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Abdominal Operations

Ligation of the cardiac end of the stomach or of the esophagus in ten dogs produced a severe toxemia, and rapid death. In seven of the animals there occurred a marked rise in the total non-protein nitrogen and urea nitrogen of the blood. The dogs living longest with cardiac obstruction showed a fall in blood chlorides and a rise in the CO2-combining power of the plasma. All the dogs with an obstruction of the esophagus showed a fall in blood chlorides. Control animals subjected to other types of abdominal operations showed no significant changes in the blood.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL DEHYDRATION: CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG CONTRASTED WITH THOSE FOLLOWING OBSTRUCTION OF THE CARDIAC END OF THE STOMACH

1929 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

A comparative chemical study of the blood and the urine of the dog with experimental dehydration and with obstruction of the cardiac end of the stomach is reported. The average duration of life is slightly longer with dehydration than with obstruction. The urine output per kilo of body weight is almost twice as great in dehydration as with obstruction. The increase in non-protein nitrogen and urea nitrogen is much the same in the two groups although somewhat more marked with obstruction. The chlorides of the blood are markedly increased with dehydration and slightly decreased with obstruction. The increase in fibrinogen and total protein is twice as great with obstruction as with dehydration. These findings indicate that there must be some factor or factors in addition to dehydration producing the toxemia of cardiac obstruction.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER PYLORIC OBSTRUCTION

1923 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Pyloric Obstruction ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
High Intestinal Obstruction

Chemical studies of the blood and urine of four dogs following pyloric obstruction are reported. The observations of other workers that a fall in chlorides and a rise in CO2-combining power of the plasma occur, are confirmed. There is also a marked rise in the non-protein nitrogen of the blood, consisting mainly of urea nitrogen and undetermined nitrogen. The fall in chlorides is not due to the loss of chlorides in the gastric juice. The chlorine is probably bound somewhere in the process of protein destruction. There is a close relation between the fall in chlorides and the protein destruction. A study of tetany should include the protein metabolism as well as that of the inorganic salts, since it seems possible that the tetany is due to protein split-products and not to the alkalosis. The chemical changes following pyloric obstruction are essentially the same as those following high intestinal obstruction.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL FINDINGS IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER CLOSED-LOOP OBSTRUCTION OF THE JEJUNUM

1929 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Closed Loops

The chemical findings in the blood of 6 dogs with closed-loop obstruction of the upper jejunum are reported. The duration of life with closed loops is less than with simple obstruction. All animals showed a marked rise in non-protein nitrogen and urea nitrogen, and fall in chlorides. Usually the C02 combining power of the plasma is increased. The findings in closed-loop obstruction are essentially the same as in simple intestinal obstruction.

scholarly journals Use of BUN and MUN as Guides for Protein and Energy Supplementation in Cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Relative Deficiency

<p>As an adjunct to monitoring body weight changes and body condition score, blood or milk urea nitrogen (BUN or MUN) can be a useful tool for monitoring the protein­energy status of cattle. In healthy beef cows or finishing steers, urea nitrogen concentrations of less than about 7 mg/dL would indicate a deficiency of dietary protein (nitrogen) relative to the intake of digestible energy. In rapidly growing cattle or high producing dairy cows, urea nitrogen concentrations of less than about 15 mg/dL indicate a relative deficiency of dietary protein. Urea nitrogen concentrations of greater than 19 to 20 mg/dL have been associated with reduced conception and pregnancy rates in dairy cows.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Uso de niveles de nitrógeno uréico en sangre (BUN) y leche (MUN) como guía para la suplementación protéica y energética en bovinos</strong></p><p>Además de las mediciones tradicionales de cambios en el peso y la condición corporal, los niveles de nitrógeno uréico en sangre (BUN) o en leche (MUN) pueden utilizarse como herramientas para estimar el estado de la nutrición energético-proteínica del ganado. En vacas y novillos sanos, las concentraciones de nitrógeno uréico por debajo de 7 mg/ dL indican deficiencias de proteína (nitrógeno) en la dieta con relación al consumo de energía digestible. En el ganado vacuno de rápido crecimiento o las vacas lecheras de alta producción, las concentraciones de nitrógeno uréico menores de 15 mg/ dL señalan una deficiencia relativa de proteína en la dieta. Las concentraciones de nitrógeno uréico mayores de 19 a 20 mg/dL, se han asociado con una reducción de las tasas de concepción y preñez en vacas lecheras.</p>

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF INORGANIC SALTS ON THE CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER OBSTRUCTION OF THE DUODENUM

1924 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Untreated Animal ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Value

The chemical changes in the blood of dogs treated with various inorganic salts after obstruction of the duodenum are reported. Two dogs treated with sodium chloride survived approximately six times as long as the average untreated animal, one living 22 days, the other 24 days. Ammonium chloride was found to produce an acidosis. The administration of potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride did not prevent the usual rise in non-protein nitrogen and fall in chlorides, and the fatal outcome. Iodides seemingly hasten the toxic process. Sodium bromide appears to have an inhibitory action upon it, but much less than that of sodium chloride. Sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium citrate, monosodium phosphate, and disodium phosphate failed to alter the course of the intoxication. Atropine and pilocarpine were without therapeutic value in preventing the changes characteristic of intestinal obstruction.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE ON THE CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER OBSTRUCTION OF THE CARDIAC END OF THE STOMACH

1928 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Cent Glucose ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

A study is reported of the effect of different methods of treatment on the toxemia of cardiac obstruction. The average duration of life of untreated dogs is 3 days. Three dogs treated with 1 per cent salt solution subcutaneously lived 32, 36, and 45 days respectively without developing a toxemia. 2 per cent glucose similarly given, does not alter the course of the toxemia. Concentrated salt solution in small quantities given directly into the jejunum prevents the marked rise in non-protein nitrogen but does not materially prolong life. Release of the obstruction does not change the course of the toxemia in untreated animals. The subcutaneous injection of 1 per cent sodium chloride solution after release of the obstruction causes a rapid return of the blood to normal and allows the animal to recover. A similar amount of fluid given as 2 per cent glucose does not alter the course of the toxemia after release of the obstruction.

scholarly journals PROTEOSE INTOXICATIONS AND INJURY OF BODY PROTEIN

1918 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
J. V. Cooke ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Abscess Formation ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Septic Inflammation ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Sterile abscess formation in the dog is accompanied by a large increase in output of urinary nitrogen and also by a small but definite increase in the blood non-protein nitrogen. All this nitrogenous material of course is derived from body protein injury and autolysis. Septic inflammation in the dog (pleurisy, pneumonia, peritonitis, etc.) likewise shows a distinct rise in the blood non-protein nitrogen. This rise is not often so great as that frequently observed in the intoxication of intestinal obstruction. Many acute infections in man (septicemia, peritonitis, pneumonia, etc.) show a definite rise in the non-protein nitrogen and urea nitrogen of the blood; some cases show a very great rise above normal (over 100 mg. of non-protein nitrogen per 100 cc. of blood). There may be no anatomical change in the kidney beyond the familiar picture of cloudy swelling. This does not exclude the possibility of some transient functional derangement of the kidney epithelium. Certain obscure intoxications in man may show a considerable rise in the non-protein nitrogen of the blood, indicating a large amount of protein disintegration. These findings must be taken into account in any clinical analysis and interpretation of high non-protein nitrogen of the blood in pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Chemical Changes The Spent Hen Meat After A Tenderization Process Solution of Sodium Chloride

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
Hussain Mohammed Al-Dhalimi ◽  
Jassim Kassim Al-Gharawi ◽  
Ahmed Jawad Al-Yaseri
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Muscle Control ◽  
Dark Muscle ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Spent Hen

Abstract In this study, the old chicken meat found in the market after slaughtering and cleaning was carried out by the saline application, which was as follows T: the control treatment. T2, T3 and T4 were tenerized spent hen meat with sodium chloride by 10, 20 and 30 g/L water for 12 hours respectively. Results show that the collagen was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in T2, T3, T4 compared with the control of white muscle control and the total concentration of collagen was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in saline annulus coefficients compared to control of dark muscle. The total concentration of soluble nitrogen was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in saline-induced salinity coefficients compared with white muscle control. It is also noted that the concentration of protein nitrogen in the white muscle has decreased significantly (P≤0.05) in the coefficients of the antigen compared to the control treatment.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

1923 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Ileocecal Valve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Chlorine Ion

A study of the non-protein nitrogen, urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, amino-acid nitrogen, sugar, and chlorides of the blood and the CO2-combining power of the plasma in normal dogs, and in dogs after different types of intestinal obstruction, is reported. Following ligation of the duodenum, ligation of the duodenum with gastroenterostomy, and ligation of the upper half of the ileum, a fall in chlorides and a rise in the non-protein nitrogen and urea nitrogen of the blood and in the CO2-combining power of the plasma occur. The uric acid, creatinine, amino-acid nitrogen, and sugar show no significant changes. The fundamental change is a fall in chlorides followed by an alkalosis. The degree of alkalosis depends upon the rate of formation of carbonate, rate of excretion by the kidneys, and extent of neutralization of the carbonate by acid bodies formed during the intoxication. The fall in chlorides is probably due to a utilization of the chlorine ion in the course of the intoxication. It is suggested that this use of chlorine is a protective measure on the part of the body. There are indications that high intestinal obstruction should not be treated by the administration of alkalies. The urea nitrogen is a good index of the protein destruction. Ligation of the ileum at the ileocecal valve is followed by little increase in nitrogen and no change in the chlorides or CO2-combining power of the plasma. The close similarity of the blood findings in intestinal obstruction, acute lobar pneumonia, and serum disease suggests that these widely different conditions may have a common chemical basis.

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