scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1926 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut ◽  
J. A. Berlot
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Passive Sensitization ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Guinea pigs injected intravenously with massive doses of India ink before active sensitization exhibited occasionally a more or less marked, decreased sensitiveness to the reinjection of the antigen. 2. The serum of rabbits which had received massive doses of India ink before the sensitizing injections, showed approximately the same titer of anaphylactic antibodies as that of sensitized normal control animals, as demonstrated by the degree of passive sensitization induced in guinea pigs. 3. The precipitin titer of sensitized rabbits blocked with massive doses of India ink was somewhat lower than that of sensitized normal controls. In one instance, the intravenous injection of smaller doses of India ink was followed by a higher precipitin titer. No uniform relation was found between the height of the precipitin titer and the anaphylactic power of the antiserums. 4. One blocking injection of India ink given to guinea pigs before passive sensitization did not interfere with the occurrence of anaphylactic shock nor alter its nature.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus W. Jungeblut ◽  
Barbara R. McGinn
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Normal Organ ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system by means of a single injection of India ink caused a marked retention of neoarsphenamine in the blood of guinea pigs during the first twenty minutes of observation after intravenous injection, as contrasted with the rapid disappearance of the drug from the blood of normal controls. 2. Rabbits blocked by a single dose of India ink showed a slower elimination of the drug from the circulation following the first few hours after intravenous injection than corresponding controls. 3. The arsenic content of the liver of mice, which received neoarsphenamine intravenously after a preceding blocking injection with India ink, was appreciably lower than the arsenic content of the normal organ under similar experimental conditions.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus W. Jungeblut ◽  
Gladys Newnan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Intracutaneous Injection ◽  
Toxic Skin ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Guinea pigs blocked by intravenous injection of either India ink or trypan blue succumbed with fatal shock after the intravenous injection of heterophile immune serum, although the time of death was somewhat delayed as compared with normal controls. 2. Local blockade of the skin of guinea pigs with trypan blue inhibited completely the development of the characteristic skin reaction following intracutaneous injection of Forssman serum within the blocked area. 3. Infiltration of the skin of guinea pigs with India ink afforded no protection against the full development of the toxic skin reaction.

scholarly journals Reversed passive anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig

1940 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van den Ende
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Rabbit Antibody ◽  
Egg Albumin

Attempts to demonstrate reversed passive anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig with crystalline egg albumin as sensitizing antigen have been uniformly negative.When purified anti-pneumococcal antibody globulin was used as sensitizing antigen, reversed anaphylactic shock could be elicited in guinea-pigs by the intravenous injection of precipitins for the antibody globulin.The mild reactions which could be elicited when the total globulins from the serum of normal rabbits were used as sensitizing antigen are probably dependent on the presence of small amounts of y globulin.Reversed passive anaphylaxis, like direct anaphylaxis, is dependent on a cellular mechanism, and the success of experiments in which rabbit antibody globulin was used as sensitizing antigen depends on the acceptability of the antibody to the cells of the guinea-pig's tissues.Antigenic differences between antibody globulins and total normal globulins from rabbit serum are noted.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut ◽  
J. A. Berlot
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Normal Functional ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System ◽  
Pig Serum

1. Intravenous injections of India ink into guinea pigs caused a decided drop in the complement titer which set in as early as 15 minutes after the injection, but did not reach its maximum for 3 hours. This drop was followed by a return to normal within the first 24 hours following the injection. 2. India ink mixed in vitro with guinea pig serum adsorbs the complement almost immediately to its full extent. 3. By means of reduction tests (methylene blue and nitroanthraquinone) it was shown that the respiration of the cells of the liver and spleen of guinea pigs was markedly impaired for the first 8 hours, following an intravenous injection of ink. Evidences of a return to normal functional vitality, however, became apparent by the end of the 1st day after the injection.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1928 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Type I ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System ◽  
Pneumococcus Type

1. Blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system by means of one intravenous injection of India ink as well as splenectomy did not alter the course of either Pneumococcus Type I infection or tetanus intoxication in mice. 2. The protective action of Antipneumococcus Type I serum against the corresponding infection, as determined by the injection of in vitro prepared mixtures of serum and culture, was definitely lower in mice which had received one blocking injection of India ink shortly before the test. 3. Titration of tetanus toxin and antitoxin in blocked and splenectomized mice gave results identical with those obtained in normal mice, if in vitro prepared and incubated toxin-antitoxin mixtures were injected. The degree of protection, however, conferred by a preceding dose of antitoxin against subsequent intoxication, was markedly lower in blocked mice than in normal control animals, this difference becoming more pronounced with the increase of the time interval.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1927 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Lethal Action ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. The minimum amount of diphtheria toxin which killed normal mice of from 24 to 30 gm. in weight upon intravenous injection, was found to be between 75 and 100 times the M.F.D. for the guinea pig. When given intraperitoneally, the fatal dose for mice was as high as 200 M.F.D. 2. There was no significant difference in the lethal action of diphtheria toxin for normal mice and mice in which an elimination of the reticulo-endothelial system had been attempted by means of blocking injections of India ink, or splenectomy, or a combination of both operations. 3. Attempts to infect normal mice and mice treated as described with large doses of a highly virulent diphtheria strain were unsuccessful with both groups of animals.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut ◽  
J. A. Berlot
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Following massive doses of India ink injected intravenously into guinea pigs before a subcutaneous injection of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin mixture, no antitoxin was found in the blood serum for 3 weeks, as indicated by intracutaneous tests, whereas an appreciable amount could be detected in non-blocked, immunized control animals. 2. During the 4th week following immunization, the titer of the serum of blocked animals equaled that of non-blocked controls within the limits of the intracutaneous test dose. 3. The smaller doses of India ink used in these experiments, given before immunization, had no stimulating effect on the production of diphtheria antitoxin but, on the contrary, also inhibited the appearance of this antibody, although to a less extent.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF GUINEA PIGS

1918 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton Rous
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs

Glycoprotein Ibα clustering induces macrophage-mediated platelet clearance in the liver

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (01) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Ma ◽  
Lili Zhao ◽  
Cao Lijuan ◽  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Integrin Αiibβ3 ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Independent Mechanism

SummaryMany immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients, particularly patients with anti-glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX autoantibodies, do not respond to the conventional treatments such as splenectomy. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we found that anti-GPIbα N-terminus antibody AN51, but not other anti-GPIbα antibodies (AK2, HIP1, VM16d, or WM23), induced GPIbα clustering that led to integrin αIIbβ3-dependent platelet aggregation. After intravenous injection, AN51 dose-dependently induced thrombocytopenia in guinea pigs, and the platelets were mainly removed by macrophages in the liver. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, previously shown to inhibit integrin αMβ2-mediated phagocytosis of refrigerated platelets, dose-dependently inhibited AN51-induced platelet clearance. Furthermore, AN51 but not VM16d, induced rapid platelet clearance in the liver of cynomolgus macaques. Five of 22 chronic ITP patients had anti-GPIbα autoantibodies, and the autoantibodies from four of the five patients competed with AN51 for binding to platelets. These data indicate that GPIbα clustering induced by anti-GPIbα N-terminus antibody causes integrin αIIbβ3-dependent platelet aggregation, phagocytosis, and rapid platelet clearance in the liver. Our findings reveal a novel Fc-independent mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of ITP, and suggest new therapeutic strategies for ITP patients with anti-GPIbα autoantibodies.

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