scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus W. Jungeblut ◽  
Barbara R. McGinn
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Normal Organ ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system by means of a single injection of India ink caused a marked retention of neoarsphenamine in the blood of guinea pigs during the first twenty minutes of observation after intravenous injection, as contrasted with the rapid disappearance of the drug from the blood of normal controls. 2. Rabbits blocked by a single dose of India ink showed a slower elimination of the drug from the circulation following the first few hours after intravenous injection than corresponding controls. 3. The arsenic content of the liver of mice, which received neoarsphenamine intravenously after a preceding blocking injection with India ink, was appreciably lower than the arsenic content of the normal organ under similar experimental conditions.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1926 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut ◽  
J. A. Berlot
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Passive Sensitization ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Guinea pigs injected intravenously with massive doses of India ink before active sensitization exhibited occasionally a more or less marked, decreased sensitiveness to the reinjection of the antigen. 2. The serum of rabbits which had received massive doses of India ink before the sensitizing injections, showed approximately the same titer of anaphylactic antibodies as that of sensitized normal control animals, as demonstrated by the degree of passive sensitization induced in guinea pigs. 3. The precipitin titer of sensitized rabbits blocked with massive doses of India ink was somewhat lower than that of sensitized normal controls. In one instance, the intravenous injection of smaller doses of India ink was followed by a higher precipitin titer. No uniform relation was found between the height of the precipitin titer and the anaphylactic power of the antiserums. 4. One blocking injection of India ink given to guinea pigs before passive sensitization did not interfere with the occurrence of anaphylactic shock nor alter its nature.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus W. Jungeblut ◽  
Gladys Newnan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Intracutaneous Injection ◽  
Toxic Skin ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Guinea pigs blocked by intravenous injection of either India ink or trypan blue succumbed with fatal shock after the intravenous injection of heterophile immune serum, although the time of death was somewhat delayed as compared with normal controls. 2. Local blockade of the skin of guinea pigs with trypan blue inhibited completely the development of the characteristic skin reaction following intracutaneous injection of Forssman serum within the blocked area. 3. Infiltration of the skin of guinea pigs with India ink afforded no protection against the full development of the toxic skin reaction.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut ◽  
J. A. Berlot
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Normal Functional ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System ◽  
Pig Serum

1. Intravenous injections of India ink into guinea pigs caused a decided drop in the complement titer which set in as early as 15 minutes after the injection, but did not reach its maximum for 3 hours. This drop was followed by a return to normal within the first 24 hours following the injection. 2. India ink mixed in vitro with guinea pig serum adsorbs the complement almost immediately to its full extent. 3. By means of reduction tests (methylene blue and nitroanthraquinone) it was shown that the respiration of the cells of the liver and spleen of guinea pigs was markedly impaired for the first 8 hours, following an intravenous injection of ink. Evidences of a return to normal functional vitality, however, became apparent by the end of the 1st day after the injection.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE UPTAKE OF RADIOSULPHATE BY THE GASTRIC TISSUE AND GASTRIC SECRETION IN HISTAMINE-TREATED GUINEA PIGS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski ◽  
H. T. G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Selective Uptake ◽  
Gastric Mucous ◽  
Normal Controls

The effect of histamine on the uptake of radiosulphate by gastric tissue and gastric juice in guinea pigs was investigated. Radioactivity was recorded 4 hours after the administration of S35-labelled sulphate to normal controls and to histamine-treated animals.The radioactivity of fractions considered to contain sulphated mucopolysaccharides was also investigated.The uptake of radiosulphate by gastric tissue and juice was significantly higher in histamine-treated animals than in control guinea pigs.The S35 uptake by gastric sulphomucopolysaccharides was considered to represent the concentration of isotope by mucous cells and its secretion. This selective uptake was also markedly effected by histamine.Histamine may be a stimulant of the gastric mucous cells under the experimental conditions described.

scholarly journals The Appearance of Labeled Cells in the Thoracic Duct Lymph of the Guinea Pig after the Administration of Tritiated Thymidine

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. EVERETT ◽  
W. O. REINHARDT ◽  
J. M. YOFFEY
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Cell Series ◽  
Sequential Appearance

Abstract Tritium-labeled thymidine was given by either intraperitoneal or intravenous injection to 13 male guinea pigs of approximately 400 Gm. weight. At times varying from 1 hour to 30 days after the administration of thymidine, thoracic duct lymph was obtained and examined for the presence of labeled cells. After a single dose of thymidine, a steady stream of labeled lymphocytes, ranging from 2 to 7 per cent of the total cells, enters the blood over the period studied. The intensity of the labeling appears to diminish gradually. Labeled large and medium lymphocytes were found in the lymph during the first hour. Labeled small lymphocytes began to appear in the fourth hour, in small numbers, and thereafter increased, whereas the proportion of labeled large and medium lymphocytes steadily diminished. This sequential appearance of large, medium and small lymphocytes is interpreted as indicating the pattern of development of the cell series. The labeled small lymphocytes appearing in the lymph are considered to be newly formed from precursor cells located in the various lymphatic tissues.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1927 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Lethal Action ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. The minimum amount of diphtheria toxin which killed normal mice of from 24 to 30 gm. in weight upon intravenous injection, was found to be between 75 and 100 times the M.F.D. for the guinea pig. When given intraperitoneally, the fatal dose for mice was as high as 200 M.F.D. 2. There was no significant difference in the lethal action of diphtheria toxin for normal mice and mice in which an elimination of the reticulo-endothelial system had been attempted by means of blocking injections of India ink, or splenectomy, or a combination of both operations. 3. Attempts to infect normal mice and mice treated as described with large doses of a highly virulent diphtheria strain were unsuccessful with both groups of animals.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut ◽  
J. A. Berlot
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Following massive doses of India ink injected intravenously into guinea pigs before a subcutaneous injection of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin mixture, no antitoxin was found in the blood serum for 3 weeks, as indicated by intracutaneous tests, whereas an appreciable amount could be detected in non-blocked, immunized control animals. 2. During the 4th week following immunization, the titer of the serum of blocked animals equaled that of non-blocked controls within the limits of the intracutaneous test dose. 3. The smaller doses of India ink used in these experiments, given before immunization, had no stimulating effect on the production of diphtheria antitoxin but, on the contrary, also inhibited the appearance of this antibody, although to a less extent.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE UPTAKE OF RADIOSULPHATE BY THE GASTRIC TISSUE AND GASTRIC SECRETION IN HISTAMINE-TREATED GUINEA PIGS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski ◽  
H. T. G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Selective Uptake ◽  
Gastric Mucous ◽  
Normal Controls

The effect of histamine on the uptake of radiosulphate by gastric tissue and gastric juice in guinea pigs was investigated. Radioactivity was recorded 4 hours after the administration of S35-labelled sulphate to normal controls and to histamine-treated animals.The radioactivity of fractions considered to contain sulphated mucopolysaccharides was also investigated.The uptake of radiosulphate by gastric tissue and juice was significantly higher in histamine-treated animals than in control guinea pigs.The S35 uptake by gastric sulphomucopolysaccharides was considered to represent the concentration of isotope by mucous cells and its secretion. This selective uptake was also markedly effected by histamine.Histamine may be a stimulant of the gastric mucous cells under the experimental conditions described.

scholarly journals A NON-VIRULENT, SINGLE-DOSE RABIES VACCINE FOR PROPHYLACTIC IMMUNIZATION OF DOGS

1942 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
L. T. Webster ◽  
J. Casals
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Test Animal ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Our studies on rabies vaccines thus far have led us to the view that in order to develop and test vaccines, quantitative methods are necessary, and that such quantitative methods may be exploited to greatest advantage by using mice, preferably W-Swiss, as the test animal. Dogs, due to their variability and susceptibility to intercurrent infections when kept under experimental conditions, are useful chiefly to check whether or not a vaccine produces a high grade of immunity; they remain of limited value in testing the comparative potencies of weak vaccines. A second point is that the Pasteur strain of virus has proved as potent as any tested for the preparation of vaccines. Another point is that virus material for preparing vaccines must titre at least 330,000 mouse doses per cc. to be effective. This requirement has eliminated all culture vaccines thus far reported, with the possible exception of Plotz's (7) and leaves virus-containing brain tissue as the sole potent source of vaccine. In summary, we believe that a single injection of non-virulent irradiated vaccine, prepared as herein described, immunizes mice and dogs effectively against a subsequent test inoculation of virulent rabies virus and does so to a greater degree than do other vaccines now obtainable. It is easily and quickly prepared, keeps well, and has a low nitrogen content.

STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF DECIDUALIZATION. I.

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Shelesnyak ◽  
Peretz F. Kraicer ◽  
Gerard H. Zeilmaker
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Single Injection

ABSTRACT The concept of an oestrogen surge as a prerequisite for successful decidualization of the progravid uterus and consequently nidation in the rat was tested. Experiments were designed to see whether administration of an oestrogen antagonist at specific times would block decidualization (and nidation); whether the ovary was the source of the oestrogen, and whether a single dose of oestrogen, in the absence of the ovary (if the ovary is the source) would allow the uterus to respond to a decidualizing stimulus. It was found that when given prior to the surge, the oestrogen antagonist prevented decidualization and interfered with nidation. The ovary is thus the source of the oestrogen; and a single injection of oestradiol can act as a substitute for the surge.

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