scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1927 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Lethal Action ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. The minimum amount of diphtheria toxin which killed normal mice of from 24 to 30 gm. in weight upon intravenous injection, was found to be between 75 and 100 times the M.F.D. for the guinea pig. When given intraperitoneally, the fatal dose for mice was as high as 200 M.F.D. 2. There was no significant difference in the lethal action of diphtheria toxin for normal mice and mice in which an elimination of the reticulo-endothelial system had been attempted by means of blocking injections of India ink, or splenectomy, or a combination of both operations. 3. Attempts to infect normal mice and mice treated as described with large doses of a highly virulent diphtheria strain were unsuccessful with both groups of animals.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1926 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut ◽  
J. A. Berlot
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Passive Sensitization ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Guinea pigs injected intravenously with massive doses of India ink before active sensitization exhibited occasionally a more or less marked, decreased sensitiveness to the reinjection of the antigen. 2. The serum of rabbits which had received massive doses of India ink before the sensitizing injections, showed approximately the same titer of anaphylactic antibodies as that of sensitized normal control animals, as demonstrated by the degree of passive sensitization induced in guinea pigs. 3. The precipitin titer of sensitized rabbits blocked with massive doses of India ink was somewhat lower than that of sensitized normal controls. In one instance, the intravenous injection of smaller doses of India ink was followed by a higher precipitin titer. No uniform relation was found between the height of the precipitin titer and the anaphylactic power of the antiserums. 4. One blocking injection of India ink given to guinea pigs before passive sensitization did not interfere with the occurrence of anaphylactic shock nor alter its nature.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut ◽  
J. A. Berlot
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Normal Functional ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System ◽  
Pig Serum

1. Intravenous injections of India ink into guinea pigs caused a decided drop in the complement titer which set in as early as 15 minutes after the injection, but did not reach its maximum for 3 hours. This drop was followed by a return to normal within the first 24 hours following the injection. 2. India ink mixed in vitro with guinea pig serum adsorbs the complement almost immediately to its full extent. 3. By means of reduction tests (methylene blue and nitroanthraquinone) it was shown that the respiration of the cells of the liver and spleen of guinea pigs was markedly impaired for the first 8 hours, following an intravenous injection of ink. Evidences of a return to normal functional vitality, however, became apparent by the end of the 1st day after the injection.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus W. Jungeblut ◽  
Barbara R. McGinn
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Normal Organ ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system by means of a single injection of India ink caused a marked retention of neoarsphenamine in the blood of guinea pigs during the first twenty minutes of observation after intravenous injection, as contrasted with the rapid disappearance of the drug from the blood of normal controls. 2. Rabbits blocked by a single dose of India ink showed a slower elimination of the drug from the circulation following the first few hours after intravenous injection than corresponding controls. 3. The arsenic content of the liver of mice, which received neoarsphenamine intravenously after a preceding blocking injection with India ink, was appreciably lower than the arsenic content of the normal organ under similar experimental conditions.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus W. Jungeblut ◽  
Gladys Newnan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Intracutaneous Injection ◽  
Toxic Skin ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Guinea pigs blocked by intravenous injection of either India ink or trypan blue succumbed with fatal shock after the intravenous injection of heterophile immune serum, although the time of death was somewhat delayed as compared with normal controls. 2. Local blockade of the skin of guinea pigs with trypan blue inhibited completely the development of the characteristic skin reaction following intracutaneous injection of Forssman serum within the blocked area. 3. Infiltration of the skin of guinea pigs with India ink afforded no protection against the full development of the toxic skin reaction.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Jungeblut ◽  
J. A. Berlot
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Following massive doses of India ink injected intravenously into guinea pigs before a subcutaneous injection of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin mixture, no antitoxin was found in the blood serum for 3 weeks, as indicated by intracutaneous tests, whereas an appreciable amount could be detected in non-blocked, immunized control animals. 2. During the 4th week following immunization, the titer of the serum of blocked animals equaled that of non-blocked controls within the limits of the intracutaneous test dose. 3. The smaller doses of India ink used in these experiments, given before immunization, had no stimulating effect on the production of diphtheria antitoxin but, on the contrary, also inhibited the appearance of this antibody, although to a less extent.

The antigenic effect of intravenous injection of diphtheria toxin

1925 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Glenny ◽  
C. G. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin

Phagocytosis of Foreign Red Blood Cells by the Reticulo-Endothelial System

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard N. Halpern ◽  
G. Biozzi ◽  
B. Benacerraf ◽  
C. Stiffel
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

The clearance rate of nucleated pigeon erythrocytes injected intravenously into mice and rats has been calculated either by routine differential red cell counts or by measuring the radioactivity of the erythrocytes tagged with P32. Histological evidence is given that the foreign erythrocytes are phagocytized by the reticulo-endothelial cells of the liver and spleen. The clearance rate of the foreign erythrocytes, which measures the speed of the phagocytosis, follows in mice a regular exponential function similar to this previously established for other colloids. No spontaneous antibodies to pigeon erythrocytes could be detected in mice. The rapid and complex clearance rate of pigeon erythrocytes observed in rats is related to the existence of spontaneous specific antibodies. The simultaneous injection of pigeon erythrocytes and of India ink into mice, both phagocytized by the RE cells, results in a competition between the two substances in favor of the smaller particles of carbon.

scholarly journals Leucocyte profile and offspring production of guinea pig (Cavia cobaya) given Anredera cordifolia leaf extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
D. Wijayanti ◽  
E. T. Setiatin ◽  
E. Kurnianto
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Given ◽  
Head Level

The objective of this study was to determine leucocyte and offspring production of guinea pig (Cavia cobaya) giving Anredera cordifolia leaf extract. Materials used were female 16 heads of guinea pig with body weight of 425g. The treatments were an extract of A. cordifolia leaf at doses of 0, 10, 50 and 90 mg/head, designated as T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. A. cordifolia leaf extract was administered orally from 10 days prepartum to 10 days postpartum. Blood was taken at 10 days prepartum and 10 days postpartum. Total birth of the offspring was observed. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and if there was effect of treatment, then continued with Duncan multiple range test and Chi-Square test for fetal production between the given A. cordifolia leaf extract and control. The result showed that there was no significant difference for 10 days prepartum after addition of A cordifolia leaf extract treatment. The postpartum treated showed a total 50 mg/head level increaed for monocytes than that of level 0, 10 and 90 mg/head. Ten days postpartum treatment showed the total increase for leucocyte and monocytes total were 50 and 90 mg/head, respectively compared to 10 mg/head level. Total lymphocyte of 90 mg/head increased compared to level 10 and 50 mg/head. The highest total neutrophil as found at level of 50 mg/head which increased compared to the level of 0 and 10 mg/head. ProvisioningA. cordifolialeaf extract at doses level of 50 and 90 mg/head could increase litter size (P<0.05; χ2=9.267) and decreased offspring mortality (P<0.05; χ2=6.4). In conclusion, by giving 50 mg/head A. cordifolia leaf extract could increase leucocyte profile and offspring production of guinea pig. 

scholarly journals Afibrinogenemia and Thrombocytopenia in Guinea Pigs Following Injection of Echis Colorata Venom

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
JADWIGA RECHNIC ◽  
POLA TRACHTENBERG ◽  
JULIAN CASPER ◽  
CHAJA MOROZ ◽  
ANDRÉ DE VRIES
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor V Deficiency ◽  
Fibrinogenolytic Activity ◽  
Fraction I ◽  
Lethal Doses

Abstract Intravenous injection into the guinea pig of lethal doses of Echis colorata venom or of each of its two chromatographic fractions, separately, caused hemorrhage, afibrinogenemia, factor V deficiency and thrombocytopenia. Sublethal venom doses caused afibrinogenemia, factor V deficiency and thrombocytopenia in the absence of hemorrhage. Early intravascular clotting was observed following injection of high lethal doses of both whole venom and of procoagulant-containing fraction II, but not of fraction I which was devoid of procoagulant activity. The afibrinogenemia produced by fraction I was due to its fibrinogenolysin, whereas the afibrinogenemia produced by fraction II, which also had fibrinogenolytic activity, was due chiefly to its procoagulant. Anti-Echis colorata venom rabbit serum inhibited the fibrinogenolytic, the procoagulant and the thrombocytopenic activities of the venom.

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