STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF DECIDUALIZATION. I.

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Shelesnyak ◽  
Peretz F. Kraicer ◽  
Gerard H. Zeilmaker
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Single Injection

ABSTRACT The concept of an oestrogen surge as a prerequisite for successful decidualization of the progravid uterus and consequently nidation in the rat was tested. Experiments were designed to see whether administration of an oestrogen antagonist at specific times would block decidualization (and nidation); whether the ovary was the source of the oestrogen, and whether a single dose of oestrogen, in the absence of the ovary (if the ovary is the source) would allow the uterus to respond to a decidualizing stimulus. It was found that when given prior to the surge, the oestrogen antagonist prevented decidualization and interfered with nidation. The ovary is thus the source of the oestrogen; and a single injection of oestradiol can act as a substitute for the surge.

Liver preneoplastic changes in mice treated with the herbicide fomesafen

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Krijt ◽  
P Stránská ◽  
J Sanitraák ◽  
A Chlumská ◽  
F Fakan
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Liver Histology ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Liver Nodules ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Mice Liver ◽  
Foci Of Altered Hepatocytes

1 Effect of the diphenyl ether herbicide fomesafen on liver preneoplastic changes and porphyrin biosynthesis was examined in male C57BL/6J mice (0.23% in the diet for 14 months) and ICR mice (0.3% in the diet for 50 weeks). Fomesafen treatment resulted in preneoplastic changes (liver nodules and foci of altered hepatocytes) in both strains, uroporphyria developed only in ICR mice. 2 Iron pretreatment (600 mg/kg as a single dose) accelerated the development of fomesafen-induced preneoplastic changes in both mouse strains. The number of foci containing altered hepatocytes, as well as the number and size of liver nodules, were increased in iron-pretreated animals. 3 A single injection of iron induced marked uroporphyria in C57BL/6J mice after 14 months (liver porphyrin content 102 nmol/g). This uroporphyria was further potentiated by fomesafen administration (208 nmol/g). 4 In ICR mice, liver histology was apparently normal after a 3 month recovery from fomesafen treatment (0.32% for 9 months). Liver porphyrin content (260 nmol/g) started to decrease immediately after fomesafen withdrawal, but was still significantly elevated after 3 months (5 nmol/g), as compared to controls (1 nmol/g). 5 It is concluded that the toxicological evaluation of fomesafen should focus on liver porphyrin biosynthesis.

Effects of a Single Dose of Rabbit Anti-mouse Lymphocyte Serum on Tumors Induced in Mice by 7,12-Dimethylbenz (a) anthracene Given at Birth

1972 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo D. Baroni ◽  
Pietro Mingazzini ◽  
Paolo Pesando ◽  
Anna Cavallero ◽  
Stefania Uccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Skin Tumors ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Malignant Lymphomas ◽  
Mouse Lymphocyte

The effects of ALS (anti-lymphocyte serum) and NRS (normal rabbit serum) treatments on the development of malignant lymphoma, lung, subcutaneous and skin tumors induced in mice by 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) are described. Groups of Charles-River mice, injected at birth with a dose of 100 μg of DMBA, received a single injection of ALS or NRS at the same time as DMBA administration or 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after birth. Incidence, latency, histology and spread of the tumors were studied in all groups. It was found that both ALS and NRS increased tumor incidence and shortened their latency period. Malignant lymphomas were the main tumors whose latency was shortened either by ALS or NRS treatment. In addition ALS treatment apparently increased dissemination of DMBA induced lymphoma in bone marrow.

In Vivo Effect of Heparin on Acid and Alkaline Ribonuclease Activities of Mouse Liver

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaston De Lamirande ◽  
George Weber ◽  
Antonio Cantero
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Alkaline Ribonuclease ◽  
Blood Coagulability

A single dose of 30 µg/gm body weight of depo-heparin was injected subcutaneously into white Swiss mice. At 1, 3, 6 and 12 hours after the injection, the blood coagulation time was measured and the activity of acid and alkaline ribonuclease of liver was determined. This single injection of depo-heparin significantly inhibited the acid and alkaline ribonucleases of liver 1 hour after injection. The enzymatic activities significantly increased after the blood coagulability was restored. The in vivo inhibition of acid and alkaline ribonuclease activity supports the explanation that the accumulation of ribonucleic acid in cells of tissue culture in the presence of heparin might be due to the inhibition of ribonuclease.

scholarly journals Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Nanoparticles and Aluminum Adjuvant Used as an Adjuvant with a Single Dose of Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Like Particles Provide Effective Protection from Japanese Encephalitis Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigefumi Okamoto ◽  
Hironori Yoshii ◽  
Masaaki Matsuura ◽  
Asato Kojima ◽  
Toyokazu Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Generation Vaccine ◽  
Particle Preparation

ABSTRACTTo maintain immunity against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a formalin-inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine should be administered several times. The repeated vaccination is not helpful in the case of a sudden outbreak of JEV or when urgent travel to a high-JEV-risk region is required; however, there are few single-injection JE vaccine options. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of a single dose of a new effective JE virus-like particle preparation containing the JE envelope protein (JE-VLP). Although single administration with JE-VLP protected less than 50% of mice against lethal JEV infection, adding poly(γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles (γ-PGA-NPs) or aluminum adjuvant (alum) to JE-VLP significantly protected more than 90% of the mice. A single injection of JE-VLP with either γ-PGA-NPs or alum induced a significantly greater anti-JEV neutralizing antibody titer than JE-VLP alone. The enhanced titers were maintained for more than 6 months, resulting in long-lasting protection of 90% of the immunized mice. Although the vaccine design needs further modification to reach 100% protection, a single dose of JE-VLP with γ-PGA-NPs may be a useful step in developing a next-generation vaccine to stop a JE outbreak or to immunize travelers or military personnel.

scholarly journals Steroid metabolism in the cat. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of [4−14C]cortisone

1969 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Neutral Aqueous Solution ◽  
Bile Metabolites

1. [4−14C]Cortisone was administered to anaesthetized male cats as a single injection or as a 45–60min. infusion. 2. After the single dose a total of 69·6–89·6% of the radioactivity was excreted in bile, and 0·5–7·1% in urine. After infusion total recovery in bile was 73·4–92·1%, and 1·2–1·7% in urine. 3. When bile and urine samples were hydrolysed successively by β-glucuronidase, cold acid and hot acid, most of the radioactivity was converted into substances not extractable from neutral aqueous solution by ethyl acetate–ether. 4. In bile, metabolites hydrolysable by β-glucuronidase were found in only small proportions (3–4%) of the dose.

Endocrine relationships in the induction of oestrus and ovulation in the anoestrous ewe

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Successful Pregnancy ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

1. A total of forty-two Suffolk cross-bred and 230 stud Romney Marsh ewes were used in four experiments in which pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (p.m.s.) was used in various combinations with progesterone and oestrogen in attempts to induce fertile mating in anoestrus.2. Groups of six Suffolk cross-bred ewes were injected with 1000 i.u. p.m.s. after pretreatment, commencing 4 days earlier, with 75 mg. progesterone administered in one of four different ways. Six twice-daily injections in oil resulted in oestrus in five ewes in each of two groups treated. Single injections in oil solution, aqueous suspension, and benzyl alcohol emulsion resulted in oestrus in two, nil, and four ewes, respectively. All were served within 48 hr. of injection of p.m.s.3. Ovulation was observed in five of six crossbred ewes which received six twice-daily injections of progesterone in oil, without subsequent injection of p.m.s. Three were served.4. Divided injections of progesterone commencing 4 days before 750–1000 i.u. p.m.s. failed to induce a satisfactory oestrous response in Romney Marsh ewes. An increase to 7 days in the duration of progesterone stimulation resulted in oestrus in all of eighteen ewes treated.5. The injection of a benzyl alcohol emulsion containing 75 or 150 mg. progesterone, given as a single dose 4 or 7 days before 750 i.u. p.m.s., failed to induce a satisfactory oestrous response. Of seventy-two ewes treated, only seven were served.6. Lambing results were most unsatisfactory when progesterone-p.m.s. treatment was followed by artificial insemination. Of 144 Romneys inseminated, only twelve lambed. Successful pregnancy appeared unrelated to the type of treatment or the occurrence of oestrus.7. On the basis of the oestrous responses observed after the injection of a variety of combinations of oestrogen, progesterone, and p.m.s., and by reference to quantitative data on progesterone-oestrogen relationships in oestrous behaviour in the spayed ewe, it is concluded that the developing follicle of the Romney Marsh ewe produces an amount of oestrogen approximately equivalent, in its physiological activity, to a single injection in oil of about 20 μg. oestradiol benzoate.

Measurement of Liver Blood Flow by Means of a Single Injection of Bromosulphthalein, without Hepatic Venous Catheterization

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Clarkson ◽  
Anne Hardy-Smith ◽  
T. G. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Liver Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Venous Catheterization ◽  
Wide Range

1. A method is described for the measurement of liver blood flow without hepatic venous catheterization by the injection of a single dose of bromosulphthalein and the analysis of the graph of the plasma disappearance of the indicator. 2. The rationale of the method was tested in three systems which covered a wide range of flow rates. The first system was a physical model with a haemodialyser in which the calculated flow could be compared with the flow measured directly. The second was in anaesthetized dogs, in which the calculated flow was compared with that measured by continuous infusion and hepatic venous catheterization, based on the Fick principle. The third system was in unanaesthetized turkeys, in which metabolism of bromosulphthalein does not occur. The calculated flow was compared with the flow measured simultaneously by the uptake of colloidal particles by the Kupffer cells. 3. In all three systems the correspondence between the two methods of measuring liver blood flow was good, the differences between them being not statistically significant. 4. The method has been applied to measurements of liver blood flow in man and animals and gives results comparable with those reported by other workers.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus W. Jungeblut ◽  
Barbara R. McGinn
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Normal Organ ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. Blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system by means of a single injection of India ink caused a marked retention of neoarsphenamine in the blood of guinea pigs during the first twenty minutes of observation after intravenous injection, as contrasted with the rapid disappearance of the drug from the blood of normal controls. 2. Rabbits blocked by a single dose of India ink showed a slower elimination of the drug from the circulation following the first few hours after intravenous injection than corresponding controls. 3. The arsenic content of the liver of mice, which received neoarsphenamine intravenously after a preceding blocking injection with India ink, was appreciably lower than the arsenic content of the normal organ under similar experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and safety of deltoid or gluteal injection of aripiprazole lauroxil NanoCrystal® Dispersion used for initiation of the long-acting antipsychotic aripiprazole lauroxil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 204512531985996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjie L. Hard ◽  
Angela Wehr ◽  
Lisa von Moltke ◽  
Yangchun Du ◽  
Sarah Farwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Phase I Study ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Gluteal Muscle ◽  
Intramuscular Dose ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
To Receive

Background: Aripiprazole lauroxil (AL), a long-acting injectable antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults, can be started with either 21 days of daily oral aripiprazole supplementation or a 1-day initiation regimen consisting of a single injection of a NanoCrystal® Dispersion formulation of AL (ALNCD) and a single dose of 30 mg oral aripiprazole. This phase I study assessed the pharmacokinetics and safety of deltoid versus gluteal ALNCD injections. Methods: Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder ( N = 47) were randomized 1:1 to receive a single intramuscular dose of ALNCD in the deltoid or gluteal muscle. Plasma samples were collected over 85 days to measure ALNCD concentration by injection site. Relative aripiprazole bioavailability for deltoid versus gluteal injection was assessed based on area under the curve (AUC∞ and AUClast) and maximum concentration (Cmax) values. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study. Results: Plasma aripiprazole concentrations after a single ALNCD injection were comparable between deltoid and gluteal administration. Mean maximum plasma aripiprazole concentrations were 196.1 ng/ml (deltoid) and 175.0 ng/ml (gluteal). Exposure to aripiprazole was similar, with mean AUC∞ values of 6591 day × ng/ml for deltoid and 6437 day × ng/ml for gluteal. Aripiprazole bioavailability was not significantly different between injection sites. ALNCD administration in the deltoid or gluteal muscle was well tolerated, with similar safety profiles at both sites. Conclusion: ALNCD demonstrated similar exposure and safety profiles between the two administration sites, suggesting that ALNCD can be given in either the gluteal or the deltoid muscles as a component of the 1-day initiation regimen for AL.

Ovulation in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) induced by gonadotrophins

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Cao ◽  
Kunlong Ben ◽  
Xiaolei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Tree Shrew ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Tupaia Belangeri ◽  
First Polar Body ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
The Mean

The induction of ovulation by exogenous gonadotrophins is an important approach for recovering oocytes used for studies on the reproductive biology of some mammals. In the present study, pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) were used to induce ovulation in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) using the following regimens. Groups A1–A3, multiple injections of PMSG (30–60 IU) followed by a single dose of hCG (30–60 IU); B1, combination of a single injection of PMSG (60 IU) with a single dose of hCG (60 IU); E1, combination of a single injection of PMSG (60 IU) with a single dose of hCG (30 IU) plus PMSG (30 IU); and administration of either PMSG (C1 and C2) or hCG (D1). The ovulation rate of animals producing oocytes with either first polar body or distinct perivitelline space, and the mean number of oocytes per animal were considered the most important criteria in each regimen. The most effective induction of ovulation was achieved in groups B1 and E1, with ovulation rates of 4/4 and 4/4, respectively, and mean numbers of ovulated oocytes per animal of 3.25 0.48 and 4.00 0.71 respectively. No ovulation was observed in the control group or in group D1. Therefore, regimes B1 and E1 were considered as the simplest and most effective for the induction of ovulation in the tree shrew.

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