scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTAL REDUCTION OF KIDNEY SUBSTANCE UPON THE PARATHYROID GLANDS AND SKELETAL TISSUE

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwin M. Pappenheimer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Deficiency

Reduction of renal tissue in young rats regularly leads to a marked increase in the volume of the parathyroid glands. If partially nephrectomized rats are maintained on a low calcium diet, growth is stunted, and skeletal lesions are produced, of far greater severity than can be ascribed to the dietary calcium deficiency alone. The picture closely resembles that found in cases of renal rickets in children.

scholarly journals Lack of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Exaggerates the Effect of Calcium Deficiency on Bone Accretion in Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 4682-4689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Kasukawa ◽  
David J. Baylink ◽  
Jon E. Wergedal ◽  
Yousef Amaar ◽  
Apurva K. Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Normal Calcium

Abstract Recent studies provide evidence that the GH/IGF-I axis plays a critical role in the regulation of bone accretion that occurs during puberty and that the peak bone mineral density (BMD) is dependent on the amount of dietary calcium intake during the active growth phases. To evaluate whether IGF-I deficiency exaggerates the effect of calcium deficiency on bone accretion during active growth phases, IGF-I knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed with low calcium (0.01%) or normal calcium (0.6%) for 2 wk during the pubertal growth phase and were labeled with tetracycline. The low calcium diet caused significant decreases in endosteal bone formation parameters and a much greater increase in the resorbing surface of both the endosteum and periosteum of the tibia of IGF-I KO mice compared with WT mice. Accordingly, femur BMD measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry or peripheral quantitative computed tomography increased significantly in IGF-I WT mice fed the low calcium diet, but not in IGF-I KO mice. IGF-I-deficient mice fed the normal calcium diet showed elevated PTH levels, decreased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and serum calcium levels at baseline. Serum calcium changes due to calcium deficiency were greater in IGF-I KO mice compared with WT mice. PTH levels were 7-fold higher in IGF-I KO mice fed normal calcium compared with WT mice, which was further elevated in mice fed the low calcium diet. Treatment of IGF-I-deficient lit/lit mice with GH decreased the serum PTH level by 70% (P < 0.01). Based on these and past findings, we conclude that: 1) IGF-I deficiency exaggerates the negative effects of calcium deficiency on bone accretion; and 2) IGF-I deficiency may lead to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency and elevated PTH levels even under normal calcium diet.

Effect of Oophorectomy and Calcium Deprivation on Bone Mass in the Rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hodgkinson ◽  
Jean E. Aaron ◽  
A. Horsman ◽  
M. S. F. McLachlan ◽  
B. E. C. Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium

1. The effects of a low calcium diet and of oophorectomy, separately and together, on cortical and trabecular bone mass, have been examined in mature female rats. 2. Calcium deprivation caused a significant decrease of weight, cortical cross-sectional area and ratio of cortical to total area in the femur, it significantly reduced the volume of trabecular bone and increased the percentage of osteoid surface in the tail vertebrae, and in addition increased the urinary excretion of phosphate and, initially, of hydroxyproline. 3. Oophorectomy caused similar though smaller changes in trabecular bone and urine, whereas the effects of oophorectomy on cortical bone were greater on a low calcium intake than on a normal intake. 4. The ash weight of the femora, expressed as a percentage of the total dry weight, was unaffected by calcium deprivation or oophorectomy alone but was significantly reduced when the two occurred together. 5. The percentage of resorption surfaces in the vertebrae tended to increase on the low calcium diet and after oophorectomy on the normal diet but decreased after oophorectomy on a low calcium diet. 6. It is concluded that oophorectomy and calcium deficiency each reduce bone mass in the adult rat but the greatest effect is seen when they are combined.

Different Dietary Calcium Intake and Relative Supersaturation of Calcium Oxalate in the Urine of Patients Forming Renal Stones

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piergiorgio Messa ◽  
Martino Marangella ◽  
Luisa Paganin ◽  
Mara Codardini ◽  
Aldo Cruciatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Soluble Complex ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium

1. Dietary calcium restriction, an efficient practice in reducing urinary calcium excretion, has been reported to induce either an increase or no change in oxalate excretion, questioning its use in hypercalciuric stone-forming patients. In addition, calcium restriction has been previously demonstrated to induce other urinary changes which might influence the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate. So the overall effect of calcium deprivation on the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate is unpredictable. 2. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary calcium restriction on the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate in the urine of stone-forming patients utilizing a computer methodology which takes into account the main soluble complex species of oxalate. 3. We studied 34 stone-forming patients on both a free-choice diet, whose Ca and oxalate content (24 and 1.2 mmol respectively) was assessed by dietary inquiry, and after 30 days on a prescribed low-calcium and normal oxalate diet (11 and 1.1 mmol respectively). Under both conditions, the excretion of the main urinary parameters related to dietary composition, electrolytes, oxalate and daily citrate urinary excretion, were measured. The relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate was calculated by means of an iterative computer method which takes into account the main soluble complex species on which the solubility of calcium oxalate is dependent. In addition, intact parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D blood levels were also evaluated. In 13 of the patients intestinal calcium absorption was evaluated during both a free- and a low-calcium diet, utilizing kinetics methodology. 4. The low-calcium diet induced, together with an expected reduction of calcium excretion, a marked increase in oxalate urinary output. This finding was independent of the presence or otherwise of hypercalciuria and of the serum levels of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D. Intestinal calcium absorption was also stimulated by calcium deprivation and its levels were well correlated with oxalate excretion. Minor changes in magnesium and citrate excretion were also observed. The overall effect on the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate consisted in a substantial increase in this parameter during the low-calcium diet. 5. In conclusion, our data reinforce the concept that dietary calcium restriction has potentially deleterious effects on lithogenesis, by increasing the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate.

Elevation of blood pressure in young rats fed a low calcium diet

1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Togari Akifumi ◽  
Arai Michitsugu ◽  
Shamoto Takahiro ◽  
Matsumoto Shosei ◽  
Nagatsu Toshiharu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium

scholarly journals Serum biomarkers of the calcium-deficient rats identified by metabolomics based on UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Fanyu ◽  
Fan Lina ◽  
Sun Lin ◽  
Yu Qingli ◽  
Maoqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Nutritional Rickets ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Metabolomics Study ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
Metabolic Profiling Analysis ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Background: We previously identified the urinary biomarkers to diagnose calcium deficiency and nutritional rickets by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS).To further confirm these biomarkers in vivo, we performed serum metabolomics analysis of calcium deficiency.Methods: A calcium-deficient rat model was established with a low-calcium diet for 12 weeks. Serum-metabolomics-based UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS and multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify the alterations in metabolites associated with calcium deficiency in rats.Results: Bone mineral density, serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased in the low-calcium diet group (LCG) compared to the normal calcium diet group (NCG). Serum metabolic-profiling analysis could definitively distinguish between the LCG and NCG andidentified25 calcium-deficient biomarkers. Three metabolites (indoxyl sulfate, phosphate, and taurine) of the 25 biomarkers were found in our previous urinary metabolomics study of rats with a calcium deficiency and nutritional rickets. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of these three biomarkers were greater than 0.8, and the combination of any two biomarkers was higher than 0.95.Conclusion: Dietary calcium deficiency induced the alterations of metabolites in the serum of rats, and the three identified biomarkers had relatively high diagnostic values for calcium deficiency in rats.hatase were significantly decreased in the low-calcium diet group (LCG) compared to the normal calcium diet group (NCG). Serum metabolic-profiling analysis could definitively distinguish between the LCG and NCG andidentified25 calcium-deficient biomarkers. Three metabolites (indoxyl sulfate, phosphate, and taurine) of the 25 biomarkers were found in our previous urinary metabolomics study of rats with a calcium deficiency and nutritional rickets. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of these three biomarkers were greater than 0.8, and the combination of any two biomarkers was higher than 0.95. Conclusion Dietary calcium deficiency induced the alterations of metabolites in the serum of rats, and the three identified biomarkers had relatively high diagnostic values for calcium deficiency in rats.

scholarly journals Serum biomarkers of the calcium-deficient rats identified by metabolomics based on UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Fanyu ◽  
Fan Lina ◽  
Sun Lin ◽  
Yu Qingli ◽  
Maoqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Nutritional Rickets ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Serum Metabolomics ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Background We previously identified the urinary biomarkers to diagnose calcium deficiency and nutritional rickets by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS).To further confirm these biomarkers in vivo, we performed serum metabolomics analysis of calcium deficiency. Methods A calcium-deficient rat model was established with a low-calcium diet for 12 weeks. Serum-metabolomics-based UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS and multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify the alterations in metabolites associated with calcium deficiency in rats. Results Bone mineral density, serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased in the low-calcium diet group (LCG) compared to the normal calcium diet group (NCG). Serum metabolic-profiling analysis could definitively distinguish between the LCG and NCG andidentified25 calcium-deficient biomarkers. Three metabolites (indoxyl sulfate, phosphate, and taurine) of the 25 biomarkers were found in our previous urinary metabolomics study of rats with a calcium deficiency and nutritional rickets. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of these three biomarkers were greater than 0.8, and the combination of any two biomarkers was higher than 0.95. Conclusion Dietary calcium deficiency induced the alterations of metabolites in the serum of rats, and the three identified biomarkers had relatively high diagnostic values for calcium deficiency in rats.

scholarly journals Serum biomarkers of the calcium-deficient rats identified by metabolomics based on UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanyu Meng ◽  
Lina Fan ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Qingli Yu ◽  
Maoqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Nutritional Rickets ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Serum Metabolomics ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Background: We previously identified the urinary biomarkers to diagnose calcium deficiency and nutritional rickets by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS).To further confirm these biomarkers in vivo, we performed serum metabolomics analysis of calcium deficiency. Methods: A calcium-deficient rat model was established with a low-calcium diet for 12 weeks. Serum-metabolomics-based UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS and multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify the alterations in metabolites associated with calcium deficiency in rats. Results: Bone mineral density, serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased in the low-calcium diet group (LCG) compared to the normal calcium diet group (NCG). Serum metabolic-profiling analysis could definitively distinguish between the LCG and NCG and identified25 calcium-deficient biomarkers. Three metabolites (indoxyl sulfate, phosphate, and taurine) of the 25 biomarkers were found in our previous urinary metabolomics study of rats with a calcium deficiency and nutritional rickets. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of these three biomarkers were greater than 0.8, and the combination of any two biomarkers was higher than 0.95. Conclusion: Dietary calcium deficiency induced the alterations of metabolites in the serum of rats, and the three identified biomarkers had relatively high diagnostic values for calcium deficiency in rats.

Arnino Acid Transport by Rat Parathyroid Glands in vivo: Effect of Low Calcium Diet.

1964 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Williams ◽  
W. J. Henderson ◽  
E. N. Bowser
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium
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