scholarly journals ABSORPTION FROM THE PULMONARY ALVEOLI

1947 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil K. Drinker ◽  
Esther Hardenbergh
Keyword(s):  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Pulmonary Alveoli ◽  
Glass Spheres ◽  
Lymphatic Duct ◽  
Dog Plasma ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lung Lymph

Experiments upon dogs anesthetized with nembutal and lasting 4 hours, in which the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct have been cannulated and collection of lung lymph and blood specimens was accomplished after intratracheal instillation of dog plasma, purified bovine serum albumin, crystallized egg albumin, and hemoglobin, have shown that the absorption of such molecules is slight. Experiments in which pyrex glass spheres averaging 4 micra in diameter were instilled failed to disclose entrance of these distinctive foreign particles into the lymph stream, though the fact that lung phagocytes were often found containing the particles or covered with them, indicated that eventually these particles would be found in lung lymphatics and in lymph nodes. The protection against absorption from the lung alveoli is in the main due to intact alveolar epithelium through which molecules of the dimensions of the proteins. commonly entering the alveoli, as a result of trauma or disease, pass very slowly and are found in small traces in lung lymph and even to a less degree in blood.

scholarly journals THE ABSORPTION OF PROTEIN SOLUTIONS FROM THE PULMONARY ALVEOLI

1937 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil K. Drinker ◽  
Madeleine Field Warren ◽  
Margaret MacLanahan
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Pulmonary Alveoli ◽  
The Right

Horse serum, crystallized hemoglobin, and crystallized egg albumin have been injected into the lung alveoli of dogs in which the entrances of the right lymphatics have been tied and the thoracic duct cannulated. Samples of blood and lymph have been taken following this injection. Only after several hours in the case of the horse serum and hemoglobin have these proteins been detected by immunological methods and invariably they have appeared first in the blood. Egg albumin also enters the blood capillaries, but much more rapidly than the other two proteins, due probably to the smaller molecular size.

Albumin clearance from alveoli: tissue permeation vs. airway displacement

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Meyer ◽  
R. Ottaviano ◽  
J. J. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Signal Decay ◽  
Airway Clearance ◽  
Diffusional Permeability ◽  
Lymphatic Duct ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Albumin Clearance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Observation Period

In anesthetized, ventilated dogs, clearance of 2 +/- 0.2 ml alveolar-instilled 1% isosmolar [125I]albumin ([125I]RISA) was separated into bulk airway displacement and transalveolar tissue permeation by the use of collimated external detectors and by sampling of blood and lymph. The detectors were positioned perpendicular to the plane of bronchial drainage, and collimator resolution was characterized by a 50% decrease in count rate for a 5-mm lateral (transbronchial) instillate shift. Detector signals demonstrated no airway shift in 10 dogs studied, the signal decay equaling [125I]RISA absorption determined by lung homogenates. The mean rate constants of [125I]RISA lung clearance and epithelial permeation were 4.08 X 10(-4)-min-1 and 5.48 X 10(-4)-min-1, respectively. The diffusional permeability coefficient of alveolar epithelium for albumin was 4.06 X 10(-9) CM-S-1. Absorbed [125I]RISA was separated into blood and lymph components by collecting lymph from the right lymphatic duct (RLD) and thoracic duct. Mean blood/lymph removal ratio was 6.3/1, and correlated with plasma/RLD lymph steady-state albumin concentration ratios in individual animals. Over a mean observation period of 5.4 h, an average of 12.3% [125I]RISA was cleared from the instilled region. The data suggest that this amount was cleared by permeation; there was little evidence of airway clearance.

scholarly journals Cytological Features of Pulmonary Papillary Adenoma with Malignant Transformation and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Xingen Hu ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Guoqing Ru ◽  
Lili Yu
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Papillary Adenoma ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Napsin A ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pulmonary Papillary Adenoma

Papillary adenoma of the lung is a rather rare tumor. We will present a case of papillary adenoma in the lung with malignant transformation in a 65-year-old male patient. A high dense soft tissue mass was detected in the lateral segment of the right middle lobe by CT examination. Cytologically, the tumor contained the benign cells similar to normal alveolar epithelium and the malignant cells which were significantly enlarged and irregular, crowded, or overlapping. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the epithelial cells were diffusely positive for TTF-1, napsin-A, and CK7, but were negative for p63, p40, CK5/6, CgA, Syn, CD56, and TG. The Ki67 index was about 5%. All of these evidences indicated that it was a case of papillary adenoma with malignant transformation. Thus, it should be noted that more active treatment measures should be taken to treat pulmonary papillary adenoma.

Measurement of pulmonary clearance of radioaerosol using a portable sodium iodide probe

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1908-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Jefferies ◽  
G. Coates ◽  
C. E. Webber ◽  
H. M. O'Brodovich
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Scintillation Camera ◽  
Pulmonary Clearance ◽  
Capillary Membrane ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alveolar Capillary

To determine whether a portable sodium iodide (NaI) probe could provide a valid measure of the pulmonary half-life (T1/2) of aerosolized technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (99mTc-DTPA, mol wt = 492) in small chests, we measured pulmonary clearance in rabbits using a gamma-scintillation camera and the portable probe. In 10 experiments the lungs of New Zealand White rabbits were insufflated with aerosolized 99mTc-DTPA (0.6 mum aerodynamic mass median diameter) and then simultaneously imaged with the gamma-camera and the probe positioned over the upper right lung. In an additional 12 experiments, alveolar-capillary membrane permeability was increased by either intratracheal instillation of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) or intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg of oleic acid. All animals tolerated the procedure. There was a significant decrease in pulmonary T1/2 in both the HCl group (53.4 +/- 10.4 min, mean +/- SE) and the oleic acid group (14.7 +/- 2.3 min) when compared with control (127.5 +/- 18.1 min). When we compared the T 1/2 of the right lung determined by the gamma-camera with that measured by the probe, the correlation coefficient was 0.95. Potential nonpulmonary contributions to thoracic radioactivity were not significant. We conclude that a portable NaI probe is a valid means of determining T 1/2 of 99mTc-DTPA in small chests when compared with a gamma-camera and can detect increases in the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane to small solutes.

Phagocytosis of pulmonary deposited particles by Type 1 alveolar epithelium

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 922-923
Author(s):  
C. L. Sanders ◽  
K. E. McDonald ◽  
R. R. Adee ◽  
K. E. Lauhala
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Type I ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Air Space

The role of the alveolar epithelium in removal of deposited particles from the alveolar air space has not been well defined. Type II cells, although in close proximity to particles, do not participate in the phagocytosis of particles. How ever, a variety of alveolarly deposited particulates are phagocytized by type I cells. The rapid and efficient phagocytosis of particles in the air space by macrophages minimizes particle entry into more fixed tissues of the lung.Female, Wistar, young adult rats were given a single intratracheal instillation of either 25 mg iron oxide with a particle size range of 0.3-1.1 micron or 3 mg latex beads with a particle size range of 0.3-0.6 micron, suspended in 1.0 ml 0.9% NaCl solution. Groups of 2-3 rats were killed by halothane overexposure at 5-180 minutes after instillation. The lungs were fixed in situ with McDowellTrumps. Lung tissue was embedded in plastic and stained-with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for electron microscopic examination.

scholarly journals Morphology of the distal thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct in different head and neck pathologies: an imaging based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand J. Kammerer ◽  
Benedikt Schlude ◽  
Michael A. Kuefner ◽  
Philipp Schlechtweg ◽  
Matthias Hammon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphatic Duct ◽  
The Right

The temporal sequence of lymph flow in the right lymphatic duct in experimental chronic pulmonary edema

1966 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.N. Uhley ◽  
S.E. Leeds ◽  
J.J. Sampson ◽  
N. Rudo ◽  
M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Lymphatic Duct ◽  
The Right

Efflux of Prostaglandin-like Smooth-Muscle-Stimulating Activity in the Right Lymphatic Duct in Man

1974 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Arturson ◽  
A. Hallán ◽  
H. -E. Hansson ◽  
C. -E. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Lymphatic Duct ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Hemosiderin: a new marker for sentinel lymph node identification

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Gonzaga Porto Pinheiro ◽  
Renato Santos de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Paulo Henrique Diógenes Vasques ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Filgueira ◽  
Douglas Henning Pinheiro Aragão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Breast Biopsy ◽  
Gamma Probe ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Nodes ◽  
Patent Blue ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node Identification ◽  
Lymphatic Duct ◽  
The Right

PURPOSE: To evaluate and present our initial results of a new marker (hemosiderin) for mammary sentinel lymph node identification in an experimental model. METHODS: Skins mapped like a lymphatic duct draining to the axilla in patients submitted to breast biopsy, in our mastology service, stimulated us to try it in an animal model (female dogs). Our theory was that some blood derivate (hemosiderin) was captured by macrophages and accessed the lymphatic ducts in direction to the axilla. Six female dogs of no defined race were studied. We injected 0,2 ml of technetium on both superior mammary glands. After ten minutes, a 2,5 ml solution of hemolized blood (hemosiderin) from the own animal was injected in the subareolar lymphatic plexus on the left superior mammary gland and 2,5 ml of patent blue concomitantly and equally on the contralateral gland. Ten minutes after, incisions on both axilas were made to search, through the lymphatic mapping and a gamma probe, the sentinel lymph nodes. RESULTS: Seven brown sentinel lymph nodes were indentified and also radiomarked on the left axilla. Six blue sentinel lymph nodes were identified and also radiomarked on the right axilla. CONCLUSION: Preliminary studies of a potential new dye for sentinel lymph node identification are presented. It may be the change of the current use of the blue dyes and their severe side-effects on patients submitted to sentinel lymph node biopsies.

Superoxide dismutase with heparin prevents increased lung vascular permeability during air emboli in sheep

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1284-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Flick ◽  
J. M. Hoeffel ◽  
N. C. Staub
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Microvascular Permeability ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Lung Lymph

We studied the effects of bovine superoxide dismutase on the increased lung microvascular permeability to fluid and protein during air emboli in unanesthetized sheep. We measured pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, cardiac output, lung lymph flow, and lymph and plasma protein concentrations. In air emboli experiments we continuously infused the same dose of air bubbles 1 mm in diameter into the right atrium of each sheep to increase pulmonary vascular resistance to 2-4 times base-line values. We did experiments in pairs so that each sheep served as its own control. We found an increase in protein-rich lymph flow from the lung during embolization in untreated sheep, indicating an increase in microvascular permeability to both fluid and protein. When we pretreated the sheep with heparin (300 U/kg) and infused them with intravenous bovine superoxide dismutase (1 mg X kg-1 X h-1 beginning before the air infusion), we found that vascular pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance were not different from untreated sheep but that the expected increases in transvascular fluid and protein flow during emboli were significantly decreased (P less than 0.0005). Heparin alone did not significantly attenuate the increased microvascular permeability but we found that it greatly enhanced the effectiveness of superoxide dismutase in preserving microvascular functional integrity during air emboli. We conclude that superoxide anion, probably produced and released by leukocytes, is a central factor in the microvascular injury that results in increased permeability in the lungs of sheep during air microembolization.

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