scholarly journals THE NATURE OF THE VIRUS RECEPTORS OF RED CELLS

1949 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Periodate ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cholera Vibrio ◽  
Virus Receptors

Influenza virus, treated with sodium periodate, was adsorbed well on red cells but lacked the capacity for spontaneous elution. Heated virus was eluted from red cells by the action of cholera vibrio filtrate, unheated influenza virus, and to a small extent by heating at 56°C. Periodate-treated virus was not elutable by these methods but was liberated by exposure of the adsorbing cells to concentrations of sodium chloride of 5 to 10 per cent. This treatment had no effect on elution of heated virus.

scholarly journals THE NATURE OF THE VIRUS RECEPTORS OF RED CELLS

1948 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Sodium Periodate ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Virus Receptors ◽  
Serum Inhibitor

The influenza virus receptors of fowl red cells and the influenza virus inhibitor of normal rabbit serum have the following attributes in common: They are stable at high temperatures and in solutions of pH as high as 10.0. They both resist destruction by a number of oxidizing agents but are readily destroyed by sodium periodate, trypsin, and influenza virus. These facts suggest that the red cell receptor and the normal serum inhibitor are either the same or analogous substances and that they may belong to the mucoprotein class of compounds.

scholarly journals THE NATURE OF THE VIRUS RECEPTORS OF RED CELLS

1948 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Type A ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Inhibitor ◽  
Virus Receptors

Evidence has been offered that influenza virus which has been heated at 56°C. for 30 or more minutes loses some of its capacity to agglutinate red cells and may completely lose its power to elute from cells on which it has been adsorbed. Such heat-inactivated virus does not possess the capacity to destroy the virus inhibitor in normal rabbit serum and this appears to be the explanation of the higher agglutinin inhibitory levels obtained with serum and heated virus as compared with serum and untreated virus. The heat-inactivated virus can be used to measure the inhibitor substance in normal rabbit serum. By two different methods it has been demonstrated that the inhibitor is destroyed in the presence of unheated influenza virus, as measured by inhibition titrations with virus inactivated at 56°C. The destruction of inhibitor by virus of either type A or B can be measured by virus of either type with similar results.

scholarly journals THE PRODUCTION OF FEVER BY INFLUENZAL VIRUSES

1950 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Wagner ◽  
Ivan L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Sodium Periodate ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Typhoid Vaccine ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Cholera Vibrio ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Rule Out

The effect of treating rabbits with materials which destroy the cell receptors for influenzal viruses upon the ability of these animals to respond with fever to injection of the PR8 and Lee strains of influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is described. In general, both cholera vibrio and Cl. welchii filtrates produced diminution of febrile responses. The effect of sodium periodate upon the pyrogenic reaction was not significant. Near-lethal amounts of these materials were necessary to demonstrate their protective effects against virus challenge. In order to rule out general debility as a factor in lessening the fever, it was shown that the ability of animals to respond to the pyrogenic effect of typhoid vaccine was unimpaired by injection of receptor-destroying substances. The substances tested were more effective in abolishing the febrile response to PR8 virus than to Lee virus or NDV. This finding is compatible with previous studies of the protective effect exerted by homologous and heterologous viruses. These findings give support to the hypothesis that union of virus and host receptor substance plays a part in the production of fever by these viruses.

scholarly journals THE NATURE OF THE VIRUS RECEPTORS OF RED CELLS

1949 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Globulin Fraction ◽  
Virus Receptors

A substance (VHI) exists in human plasma which inhibits the agglutination of red cells by influenza virus and is distinct from influenza antibody. When plasma is fractionated by alcohol in the cold the VHI comes out mainly with a mixture of lipid-free alpha and beta globulins (fraction IV-4). On further fractionation the activity comes out with a fraction consisting mainly of beta1 globulin (fraction IV-7). Boiling fraction IV-4 or IV-7 after considerable dilution brings about a large increase in the amount of VHI, much more than can be detected in the original plasma. A similar VHI has been extracted from the ghosts of fowl red cells.

Detection of expression of influenza virus receptors in tissues of BALB/c mice by histochemistry

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 895-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang-Yong Ning ◽  
Min-Yi Luo ◽  
Wen-Bao Qi ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Pei-Rong Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Receptors

scholarly journals Haemolytic Effects of Hypo-osmotic Salt Solutions on Human Erythrocytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Nepal ◽  
J P Rao
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Potassium Salts ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Chloride Salts ◽  
Human Red Cells

Background While it is well known that hypotonic solutions of sodium chloride induce hemolysis, the effects of other salt solutions on human erythrocytes have not been well documented. Objective The study is to compare the effects of other salt solutions on human red cells. Methods Iso-osmotic and hypo-osmotic solutions of various salts were prepared after taking into account their molecular weight and osmotic pressure. Five healthy volunteers between the age of 22-30 years were randomly selected and ten blood samples were collected from them. The study was conducted from January 2009 to February 2009. Blood was collected from subjects by venepuncture into heparinised tubes. 20 ?l of blood was pipetted into 1 ml of each solution and incubated for one hour at 37ºC in a water bath. The solutions were centrifuged and the colour of the supernatant was read in a spectrophotometer. Supernatant from blood added to distilled water was considered 100% hemolysed. Results Iso-osmotic salt solutions were free of hemolysis. Among chloride salts, sodium chloride showed the least hemolysis and potassium chloride and nickel chloride resulted into greater hemolysis. Among potassium salts, potassium bromate caused highest amount of hemolysis whereas potassium sulphate showed the least. Conclusion The significant differences in hemolytic pattern in hypo-osmotic salts solutions suggest that the hypo-osmotic stress causes morphological changes in red cells that alter their permeability to various ions leading to hemolysis. This probably occurs through opening of volume sensitive channels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i2.6285Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(2):35-9

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