scholarly journals THE EXPERIMENTAL VASCULAR LESIONS PRODUCED BY BACILLUS MALLEI

1907 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Duval
Keyword(s):  
Degenerative Change ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Innermost Layer ◽  
Visceral Arteries ◽  
The Media

1. Bacillus malleiand its poison produce a variety of vascular lesions in the rabbit and the guinea pig. 2. The type of the lesion depends upon, (a) the virulence of the culture, (b) the sex of the animal and (c) the degree of acquired immunity. 3. The vascular changes of a proliferative and degenerative nature produced by the slow action of the glanders poison in rabbits and guinea pigs are analogous to the vascular lesions caused by sub-acute glanders infection in man. 4. The most common site of the glanders vascular lesions of animals and man is the peripheral vessels, and especially the smaller visceral arteries. 5. The aorta is a less common site of the experimental lesions. 6. The vascular lesions produced experimentally by Bacillus mallei and its poison consist of three processes, (a) exudation, (b) proliferation, (c) degeneration. 7. The lesions produced by sub-acute glanders in man consist of two processes, proliferation and degeneration. 8. The primary reaction of the vessels in experimental animals and in sub-acute human glanders consists of a proliferation of the endothelium of the intima. 9. The first degenerative changes observed in experimental animals and in sub-acute human glanders occur in the "innermost layer" of the media and not in the so-called " middle zone." 10. The cause of the degenerative change in the inner layer of the media appears to be interference with the nourishment of the circular muscle fibres of the media by proliferation of the endothelium of the intima.

scholarly journals Analysis for Stroke Etiology in Duplicated/Accessory MCA-Related Cerebral Infarction: Two Case Report and Brief Literature Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Kou Tsuyama ◽  
Nobukazu Miyamoto ◽  
Atsuhiko Shindo ◽  
Kenichiro Hira ◽  
Yuji Ueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Arterial Diameter ◽  
Stroke Etiology ◽  
Proximal Site ◽  
The Media ◽  
Intracranial Arteries

Duplication and accessory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) constitute a rare congenital variation. MCA anomalies are found at a lesser frequency than the vascular anomalies of the other major intracranial arteries. Duplicated/accessory MCA was usually noted incidentally with subarachnoid hemorrhage, due to resulted aneurysmal formation. However, duplicated/accessory MCA-related cerebral infarction is rarer. We report two cases of cerebral infarction due to dissection at the entry of the duplicate/accessory MCA. Both cases were similar in dissected site and clinical course, without headache or injury. In 20 previously reported cases and our two cases of duplicated/accessory MCA-related infarction, mean age (55.8 ± 21.2 years) was slightly younger for cerebral infarction, and stroke etiology was mainly embolism. The main etiologies of stroke were embolism and dissection. Considering embolism etiology, proximal site of arterial diameter changing lesion was a common site for embolism, as duplicated/accessory MCA was usually smaller than normal M1 segment. In cerebral dissection cases, the dissected site was similar to our cases. Numerous mechanisms of dissection were considered, but they mainly included dysfunction of the media and endothelium or shearing stress at the entry of duplication. As the detailed mechanisms of cerebral dissection remain unknown, clinicians should include a differential diagnosis for MCA dissection.

Gross anatomy of the muscle systems and associated innervation of Apatemon cobitidis proterorhini metacercaria (Trematoda: Strigeidea), as visualized by confocal microscopy

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. STEWART ◽  
A. MOUSLEY ◽  
B. KOUBKOVÁ ◽  
š. šEBELOVÁ ◽  
N. J. MARKS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Oral Sucker ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Filamentous Actin ◽  
Attachment Structures ◽  
A Site

The major muscle systems of the metacercaria of the strigeid trematode, Apatemon cobitidis proterorhini have been examined using phalloidin as a site-specific probe for filamentous actin. Regional differences were evident in the organization of the body wall musculature of the forebody and hindbody, the former comprising outer circular, intermediate longitudinal and inner diagonal fibres, the latter having the inner diagonal fibres replaced with an extra layer of more widely spaced circular muscle. Three orientations of muscle fibres (equatorial, meridional, radial) were discernible in the oral sucker, acetabulum and paired lappets. Large longitudinal extensor and flexor muscles project into the hindbody where they connect to the body wall or end blindly. Innervation to the muscle systems of Apatemon was examined by immunocytochemistry, using antibodies to known myoactive substances: the flatworm FMRFamide-related neuropeptide (FaRP), GYIRFamide, and the biogenic amine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Strong immunostaining for both peptidergic and serotoninergic components was found in the central nervous system and confocal microscopic mapping of the distribution of these neuroactive substances revealed they occupied separate neuronal pathways. In the peripheral nervous system, GYIRFamide-immunoreactivity was extensive and, in particular, associated with the innervation of all attachment structures; serotoninergic fibres, on the other hand, were localized to the oral sucker and pharynx and to regions along the anterior margins of the forebody.

A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ENZYMES CONCERNED IN GLYCOGEN METABOLISM IN THE MYOMETRIUM OF PREGNANT AND PARTURIENT MICE

1966 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHLEEN HALL
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Branching Enzyme ◽  
Phosphorylase Activity ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Circular Layer

SUMMARY Glycogen, and the activities of the enzymes phosphorylase, uridine diphosphate glucose-glycogen glucosyl transferase (UDPG-synthetase) and transglycosylase (branching enzyme) were investigated by histochemical techniques in the myometrium of intact and ovariectomized mice throughout the first pregnancy, during parturition induced by oxytocin, and on the first and second days post partum. In intact mice, glycogen remained near the limit detectable histochemically until the end of the second week, and phosphorylase activity was almost absent in muscle fibres of the inner (circular) layer but often strong in those of the outer (longitudinal) layer. During the third week there was a progressive increase in glycogen and UDPG-synthetase in both layers and of phosphorylase in the circular layer, culminating in heavy deposits of glycogen and very strong phosphorylase activity, particularly in the circular muscle, shortly before parturition. Colour reactions with iodine suggested that at some stages of pregnancy branching enzyme activity was deficient in the circular fibres. The distribution of UDPG-synthetase activity in late pregnancy appeared to be the same as that of phosphorylase and of native glycogen, but the amount was considerably less. During parturition, the most common pattern was of strong phosphorylase activity and heavy deposits of glycogen in the circular muscle fibres but absence or very patchy distribution of both in the longitudinal fibres. The possible mechanism for this differentiation is discussed. Tests to separate the activities of phosphorylase a and b were carried out. Activities of both forms appeared to increase during the last part of pregnancy but there was no evidence that at parturition phosphorylase existed mainly in the a form. Mice ovariectomized on day 14 or 15 of pregnancy were injected with a combination of progesterone, oestrogen and relaxin. Ovariectomized mice maintained on progesterone alone were resistant to oxytocin on day 19, but responsiveness could be restored by relaxin. Glycogen deposits were very small in mice given progesterone alone and appeared to be rather less than normal with all combinations of hormones. Data for phosphorylase were inconclusive.

scholarly journals Endothelial injury in scleroderma.

1979 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 1326-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Kahaleh ◽  
G K Sherer ◽  
E C LeRoy
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Heat Stable

Functional and structural vascular lesions have been observed in the organs involved in scleroderma. The etiology of these vascular changes is poorly understood. The ability to isolate, characterize, and maintain endothelial cells in vitro provides a target cell population to study endothelial damage in scleroderma. The present report describes the effect of scleroderma serum on endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast cell types. Sera from patients with scleroderma (31/52) and Raynaud's syndrome (11/19) contain cytotoxic activity, specific for endothelial cells, which is nondialyzable, heat-stable, and elutes with albumin on gel-filtration chromatography.

Vascular changes of the head and neck

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Krasiński ◽  
Aleksandra Krasińska
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
The Aesthetic

Many types of vascular changes on the face can be treated after proper diagnosis in such a way as to take into account the behavior of the aesthetic appearance. There are many different congenital vascular lesions in the skin, but they are mainly vascular malformations and hemangiomas. The paper presents the characteristics of changes and therapeutic options.

BLOOD VESSELS OF EXPERIMENTAL THYROID TUMOURS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Sellers ◽  
E. Schönbaum
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Cellular Reaction ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Periarteritis Nodosa ◽  
Endothelial Proliferation ◽  
Experimental Thyroid ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT In goitres and tumours of the thyroid produced by feeding rats 0.02% propylthiouracil (PTU) plus 25 μg% 1-thyroxine (T4) in the diet for periods of 8 to 16 months, occlusive vascular changes have been observed. These changes occurred in arteries, arterioles and probably veins. They consist of endothelial proliferation extensive enough to produce occlusion, extensive subendothelial hyalinosis, thickening of the muscle wall and sometimes a cellular reaction in the adventitia. Usually one type of lesion was predominant in any one animal. The severe lesions occurred only in the thyroids, and only in rats fed the PTU-T4 combination but occasionally changes resembling periarteritis nodosa were seen in other tissues of treated and control animals. It is suggested that the severe vascular lesions play an important part in the production of gross nodularity, often a feature of the tumours. A possible analogy to nodularity of goitres in humans is drawn.

On the structure and innervation of the muscle bands of Doliolum (Tunicata: Cyclomyaria)

1974 ◽  
Vol 187 (1088) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Glycogen Particles ◽  
Electron Lucent ◽  
Myelin Figures

The ultrastructure of the muscle fibres composing the circular muscle bands of Doliolum is described; these muscle fibres are obliquely striated. Each fibre is elongate and multinucleate; peripherally the myofibrillar array borders the fibre, centrally there are long mitochondria with tubular cristae, and vesiculated sarcoplasm containing glycogen particles. Neither a sarcoplasmic reticulum, nor invaginations of the sarcolemma are present; in both gonozooid and oozooid stages myelin figures are frequent in mitochondria and sarcolemma. On atrial and external faces of the fibres there are nerve terminals containing electron-lucent vesicles some 50 nm in diameter. The junctional gap is ca . 10-20 nm wide and is devoid of the dense layer found in the vertebrate synaptic cleft. Each fibre probably receives a number of nerve terminals. The significance of the organization of the muscle fibres is discussed in relation to their role in the locomotion of the animal, and to the structure of other tunicate muscle fibres.

scholarly journals The mammalian lacteal: its histological structure in relation to its physiological properties

1927 ◽  
Vol 102 (714) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Living Preparation

One of us (H. W. F.) (7, 8) has already noted that the mesenteric lacteals contract on appropriate stimulation in a number of animals. He also observed in the guinea-pig and the rat that the vessels were rhythmically contractile. In the latter species the nuclei of circular muscle fibres in the lacteal wall could be seen in the living condition. The difficulties, however, of making out the part played by smooth muscle cells and nuclei in such contractions are very great in the living preparation. It was, therefore, resolved to supplement these observations on the living mesentery by others on fixed and stained material. In some cases the excised lacteal had actually been observed to contract in the living mesentery. The mesenteric lacteals of the cat have been taken as a type, and special attention has been paid to the distribution of smooth muscle fibres in the lymphatics in the various species studied.

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