scholarly journals STUDIES ON RENAL JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS

1953 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Merritt Hartroft ◽  
W. Stanley Hartroft
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Cells ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Secretory Cycle ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Sodium Metabolism

Accumulation of granules in the juxtaglomerular cells occurred in rats which were maintained for 5 to 6 weeks on a diet low in sodium, chloride. Cytological evidence suggests that this was probably a storage phase of secretion following a decrease in the rate of liberation of the granules. Administration of DCA (desoxycorticosterone acetate) to salt-deficient rats did not alter this appearance of the juxtaglomerular cells. Two per cent sodium chloride taken in the drinking water consumed for 4 weeks by similar animals caused degranulation of the juxtaglomerular cells. This effect was enhanced by DCA. DCA administered to animals on a normal salt intake produced a lesser degree of degranulation. Cytological changes in degranulated cells suggested that these represent a stage of hyperactivity in the secretory cycle produced by an increase in the rate of liberation of granules. A hypothesis is suggested that the juxtaglomerular cells are involved in the hormonal regulation of sodium metabolism and/or blood pressure.

Soybean proteins counteract heart remodeling in wistar rats fed a high sodium chloride diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
I. G. Kayukov ◽  
O. N. Beresneva ◽  
M. M. Parastaeva ◽  
G. T. Ivanova ◽  
A. N. Kulikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Soy Proteins ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Heart Remodeling

BACKGROUND. Increased salt intake is associated with a number of cardiovascular events, including increased blood pressure (BP) and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). However, there is much evidence that a high content of sodium chloride in the diet does not always lead to an increase in BP, but almost inevitably causes cardiac remodeling, in particular, LVH. Many aspects of myocardial remodeling induced by high sodium content in the food have not been studied enough. THE AIM of the study was to trace the echocardiographic changes in Wistar rats fed the high salt ration and the high salt ration supplemented with soy proteins.MATERIAL AND METHODS. Echocardiography and BP measurements were performed on male Wistar rats, divided into three groups. The first (control; n = 8) included rats that received standard laboratory feed (20.16 % animal protein and 0.34 % NaCl); the second (n = 10) – animals that received standard feed and 8 % NaCl (high salt ration). The third group (n = 10) consisted of rats who consumed a low-protein diet containing 10 % soy protein isolate (SUPRO 760) and 8 % NaCl. The follow-up period was 2 and 4 months.THE RESULTS of the study showed that: (1) the intake of a large amount of salt with a diet does not necessarily lead to the formation of arterial hypertension; (2) despite the absence of a distinct increase in BP, under these conditions signs of cardiac remodeling, in particular, LVH, appear rather quickly; (3) supplementing a high-salt diet with soy isolates counteracts the development of LVH.CONCLUSION. High salt intake with food can cause heart remodeling, regardless of blood pressure, while soy proteins can counteract this process.

Multihormonal regulation of nephron epithelia: achieved through combinational mode?

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (4) ◽  
pp. R739-R748 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Rouffignac
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Nephron Segment ◽  
Urinary Concentrating Ability

The kidney is the main organ regulating composition of body fluids. A considerable number of hormones control the activity of renal cells to maintain hydromineral equilibrium. It becomes more and more difficult to interpret this multihormonal control in terms of regulatory processes. To illustrate this complexity, the hormonal regulation of electrolyte transport in the nephron thick ascending limb is taken as an example. This nephron segment is largely responsible for two kidney functions: the urinary-concentrating ability (by its capacity to deliver hypertonic sodium chloride into the medullary interstitium) and regulation of magnesium excretion into final urine. Six hormones are presently identified as acting on the transport of both sodium chloride and magnesium ions in this nephron segment. Therefore, the pertinent question is how the thick ascending limb and, hence, the kidney, is capable of regulating water balance independently from magnesium balance. It is proposed that the hormones act in combination: circulating levels of the individual hormones acting on these cells may determine the configuration of the paracellular and transcellular transport pathways of the epithelium either in the “sodium” or “magnesium” mode. The configuration would depend on the distribution and activity of the receptor at the surface of the basolateral membrane in contact with the circulating hormones. This distribution along with stimulation of respective signal transduction pathways would lead to the final biological effects. It is already known that the distribution of cell receptors may vary according to factors such as age, nutritional variability, hormonal status, degree of desensitization of the receptors, etc. The modulation of hormonal responses would depend therefore on the degree of coupling of hormone-receptor complexes to different intracellular transduction pathways and on the resulting negative and/or positive interactions between these pathways.

A new method for the determination of ammoniacal nitrogen in soils

1924 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. McLean ◽  
G. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
New Method ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Cent Solution ◽  
Base Exchange ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

A method for the determination of ammoniacal nitrogen in soils is described. It is an extension of the Hissink method for exchangeable bases to ammonium present in the soil. The working details are similar to the Hissink method, except that the leaching process is entirely carried out in the cold. The ammonia is distilled off with magnesium oxide.Using normal sodium chloride as a leaching solution and collecting half a litre of leachings for distillation with magnesia, results were obtained which showed excellent agreement with those by the aeration method. Similar results were obtained using 250 c.c. of 15 per cent, sodium chloride solution, but the results are on an average about 1·6 per cent, lower. With high proportions of ammoniacal nitrogen a second half litre of normal sodium chloride leachings should be taken, or half a litre of 15 per cent, solution used.The leaching method is economical of apparatus and water supply. It is therefore suitable for small laboratories with limited resources. It is fairly rapid: six estimations can be completed in a day.The close agreement of the new method with the aeration method suggests that the amount of ammoniacal nitrogen in the soil at any given time is not an arbitrary quantity depending on conditions of estimation, but a definite amount. It is improbable that any ammonium compounds exist in the soil apart from those which take part in base exchange.

Effect of Indomethacin on Desoxycorticosterone Acetate-Sodium Chloride-lnduced Renal Lesions in the Pregnant Rat and Her Offspring

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Parks ◽  
Ben H. Douglas ◽  
Macon M. Weaver ◽  
Jane E. Gillspie ◽  
William D. Gavenport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate

Abnormal sodium metabolism and plasma renin activity (renal renin secretion) and the vasoconstriction volume hypothesis: implications for pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension and its vascular consequences (heart attack, stroke)

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1820-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Laragh ◽  
J E Sealey
Keyword(s):  
Heart Attack ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Sodium Metabolism ◽  
Hypotensive Response

Abstract Arterial hypertension is sustained by either of two long-term mechanisms of arteriolar vasoconstriction or by an inappropriate reaction between them. One mechanism is renin-mediated, the other is related to antecedent renal sodium retention. The plasma renin value directly reflects the presence and degree of renin-mediated vasoconstriction, and, inversely, defines the predominance of sodium-related vasoconstriction. A hypotensive response, or lack of it, to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor is similarly informative. Because the normal kidney exposed to high arterial pressure and normal salt intake will reduce its renin secretion to near zero, any renin secretion in a hypertensive setting can be considered abnormal. Typically, high-renin hypertensive patients are more vasoconstricted than low-renin patients with similar blood pressures. The intense vasoconstriction leads to relative hypovolemia, hemoconcentration, hyperviscosity, postural hypotension, and in severe forms even to acrocyanosis, all of which are dramatically reversed with anti-renin therapy. Conversely, low-renin equally hypertensive patients have relatively more sodium volume and are less vasoconstricted; they are generally responsive to natriuretic drugs (e.g., diuretics or calcium antagonists) and appear relatively protected from vascular sequelae such as stroke and heart attack. These observations provide a new means for evaluating prognosis and a basis for mechanistically differentiating and treating hypertensive patients, allowing increasingly simpler and more-specific long-term therapies.

Sodium chloride supplementation of high-grain diets for fattening Merino sheep

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL McClymont ◽  
KN Wynne ◽  
PK Briggs ◽  
MC Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
The One

In an experiment lasting 60 days the effect of adding sodium chloride to five types of diet was studied in young Merino wethers. The diets used were 100 per cent. oat grain, and 50 : 50 as well as 75 : 25 mixtures of oat grain with lucerne chaff on the one hand, and with wheaten chaff on the other. The addition of 0.25 per cent. sodium chloride to these diets resulted in increased food consumption and improved efficiency of food utilization, with significant increases of 19-58 per cent. in body-weight gains. The unsupplemented diets contained 0.009-0.062 per cent. sodium and 0.05-0.42 per cent. chlorine. There were indications that the lack of sodium was the limiting factor in these diets, and that the sodium requirement of these sheep was greater than 0.06 per cent. of the diet, or 0.88 g per day. Dietary sodium intake did not affect serum-sodium levels, except those of sheep fed on the 50 : 50 mixture of oats and lucerne chaff in which they were significantly higher. Serum-potassium levels were slightly, but significantly, higher in sheep fed on the low-sodium diets. In a second experiment the two groups which had received the 75 : 25 mixture of oat grain and wheaten chaff were fed on the mixture for a further 29 days, but the group which had not received sodium chloride was given 0.37 per cent. sodium bicarbonate. The response was similar to that of the group which received sodium chloride.

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