Avian Influenza Viruses and their Implication for Human Health

Abstract Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of H5 subtype pose a great threat to the poultry industry and human health. In recent years, H5N6 subtype has rapidly replaced H5N1 as the most predominate HPAIV subtype circulating in domestic poultry in China. In this study, we describe the genetic and phylogenetic characteristics of a prevalent H5N6 strain in Guangdong, China. Results Nucleotide sequencing identified a H5N6 subtype HPAIV, designated as A/chicken/Dongguan/1101/2019 (DG/19), with a multibasic cleavage site in the hemagglutinin (HA). Phylogenetic analysis revealed DG/19 was a reassortant of H5N1, H5N2, H5N8, and H6N6 subtypes of avian influenza viruses. A number of mammalian adaptive markers such as D36N in the HA were identified. Conclusions Our results showed that HPAIV H5N6 strains still emerge in well-managed groups of chicken farms. Considering the increasing prevalence of H5N6 HPAIV, and the fact that H5N6 HPAIVs are well adapted to migratory birds, an enhanced surveillance for the East Asian-Australasian flyway should be undertaken to prevent potential threats to the poultry industry and human health.

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The Evolution, Spread and Global Threat of H6Nx Avian Influenza Viruses

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12060673 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 673 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Holly Everest ◽

Sarah Hill ◽

Rebecca Daines ◽

Joshua Sealy ◽

Joe James ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Global Distribution ◽

Avian Influenza Viruses ◽

Current State ◽

Global Threat

Avian influenza viruses of the subtype H6Nx are being detected globally with increasing frequency. Some H6Nx lineages are becoming enzootic in Asian poultry and sporadic incursions into European poultry are occurring more frequently. H6Nx viruses that contain mammalian adaptation motifs pose a zoonotic threat and have caused human cases. Although currently understudied globally, H6Nx avian influenza viruses pose a substantial threat to both poultry and human health. In this review we examine the current state of knowledge of H6Nx viruses including their global distribution, tropism, transmission routes and human health risk.

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Avian Influenza & Human Health

Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/akmmcj.v5i1.18839 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 35-38

Author(s):

Prosun Roy ◽

SM Rashed-ul Islam ◽

Farhana Rahman ◽

Md Mahmudur Rahman Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Human Health ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Influenza Pandemic ◽

Animal Health ◽

Genetic Mutation ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Avian Influenza Viruses ◽

Influenza Pandemics ◽

The World

The world is now under human pandemic threat by avian influenza viruses. As the human, animal and the environment interact closely from the dawn of the civilization, human health is tremendously influenced by animal health and their health issues. In last few centuries the world has suffered a number of influenza pandemics killing millions of people such as Spanish Flu (1918), Asiatic or Russian Flu (1889-1890), Asian Flu (1957-1958) etc. The exceptional capability of genetic mutation of the influenza viruses offered threats to the whole world time to time. Like all other countries Bangladesh also not away from the heat of the situation. Human cases of avian influenza subtype H1N1, H3, H5N1, and H9N2 have already been reported from Bangladesh. This article reviews the information available on pandemic potential of avian influenza viruses. The article also sheds light on different avian influenza viruses along with some emphasis on clinical and preventive aspects of the avian influenza viral infections, and on avian influenza pandemic preparedness of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i1.18839 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 1: January 2014, Pages 35-38

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The Emergence and Zoonotic Transmission of H10Nx Avian Influenza Virus Infections

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.01785-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Holly Everest ◽

Elizabeth Billington ◽

Rebecca Daines ◽

Alice Burman ◽

Munir Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Human Health ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Avian Influenza Viruses ◽

Species Barrier ◽

Pandemic Threat

Avian influenza viruses pose a continuous threat to both poultry and human health, with significant economic impact. The ability of viruses to reassort and jump the species barrier into mammalian hosts generates a constant pandemic threat.

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