Roman Emperor Worship. Louis Matthews Sweet

AbstractThis paper discusses the visual language adopted in the cities of Asia Minor to represent the emperor Caracalla in the years 214–216, which he spent travelling between the Anatolian region, Egypt and the Near East. The focus of this study is the imagery designed to express his relation with the divine through the overlapping representations of the emperor as a devotee and peer of the gods, and as a divine being. The first part of the study compares Rome to Asia Minor to show divergences as well as possible links between provincial and metropolitan media, discussing local and imperial responses to the emperor governing from the Roman East. The second part focuses on the imagery introduced in Asia Minor to represent the worship of the living Roman emperor and his cult-image in particular, providing insights into the creation of extraordinary visual patterns that remained unique to the reign of Caracalla.

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Book Review: Roman Emperor Worship

Review & Expositor ◽

10.1177/003463732001700213 ◽

1920 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 225-226

Author(s):

W. O. Carver

Keyword(s):

Roman Emperor ◽

Emperor Worship

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Roman Emperor Worship

The Classical Weekly ◽

10.2307/4388035 ◽

1920 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

A. E. R. Boak ◽

Lewis Mathew Sweet

Keyword(s):

Roman Emperor ◽

Emperor Worship

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Yuge, Roman Emperor Worship and the Persecution of Christians

THEOLOGICAL STUDIES IN JAPAN ◽

10.5873/nihonnoshingaku.1985.73 ◽

1985 ◽

pp. 73-81

Author(s):

Nitta

Keyword(s):

Roman Emperor ◽

Emperor Worship

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Pre-Linnaean pictures of the secretarybird, Sagittarius serpentarius (J. F. )

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/e0260954108000375 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 243-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RAGNAR K. KINZELBACH

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Careful Examination ◽

Nile Valley ◽

Rain Forests ◽

Roman Emperor ◽

Persian Language ◽

The Family ◽

Other Information ◽

Sub Saharan

The secretarybird, the only species of the family Sagittariidae (Falconiformes), inhabits all of sub-Saharan Africa except the rain forests. Secretarybird, its vernacular name in many languages, may be derived from the Arabic “saqr at-tair”, “falcon of the hunt”, which found its way into French during the crusades. From the same period are two drawings of a “bistarda deserti” in a codex by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (1194–1250). The original sketch obviously, together with other information on birds, came from the court of Sultan al-Kâmil (1180–1238) in Cairo. Careful examination led to an interpretation as Sagittarius serpentarius. Two archaeological sources and one nineteenth century observation strengthened the idea of a former occurrence of the secretarybird in the Egyptian Nile valley. André Thevet (1502–1590), a French cleric and reliable research traveller, described and depicted in 1558 a strange bird, named “Pa” in Persian language, from what he called Madagascar. The woodcut is identified as Sagittarius serpentarius. The text reveals East Africa as the real home of this bird, associated there among others with elephants. From there raises a connection to the tales of the fabulous roc, which feeds its offspring with elephants, ending up in the vernacular name of the extinct Madagascar ostrich as elephantbird.

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Archaeology, Historicity, and Homosexuality in the New Cultus of Antinous

International Journal for the Study of New Religions ◽

10.1558/ijsnr.37618 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 237-259

Author(s):

Ethan White

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Gay Men ◽

Second Century ◽

Roman Emperor ◽

Late Twentieth ◽

Late Twentieth Century

In the second century, the Roman Emperor Hadrian deified his male lover, Antinous, after the latter drowned in the Nile. Antinous’ worship was revived in the late twentieth century, primarily by gay men and other queer-identified individuals, with Antinous himself being recast as “the Gay God.”

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The Issues and the Adversaries

10.23943/princeton/9780691161280.003.0016 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. R. Palmer

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Dutch Republic ◽

Roman Emperor ◽

Two Cities ◽

Ideological Conflict ◽

War Aims

In April 1792, France had declared war on the “King of Hungary and Bohemia,” that is the House of Austria or Hapsburg, which, since it possessed most of Belgium, was the most important of the powers that adjoined the French frontiers. By the following summer the French were also at war with the kingdoms of Prussia and Sardinia, and by 1793 with Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, and the Bourbon Monarchy of Spain. Despite occasional appearances, or stated war aims, the war that began in April 1792 became an ideological conflict between new and old—between “democratic” and “aristocratic” forms of society in the sense explained in the preceding volume. This chapter focuses on this complex story and nations involved. It begins with a tale of two cities, involving ceremonial events in Frankfurt and Paris on July 14, 1792. It was, of course, Bastille Day, but it was also the date of the imperial coronation of Francis II, a young man of twenty-four who proved to be the last Holy Roman Emperor.

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Caligula, tyran dérisoire dans le Caligula d’Alexandre Dumas

Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Dramatica ◽

10.24193/subbdrama.2020.2.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 73-95

Author(s):

Rémy Poignault

Keyword(s):

Roman Emperor ◽

Alexandre Dumas ◽

Literary Sources ◽

The One

"Tyranny and Derision in Alexandre Dumas’ Caligula. This paper studies the character of Caligula in Alexandre Dumas’ Caligula (1837) in comparison with the image left by the Roman emperor in ancient literary sources. Dumas highlights a tyrannical regime based on denial and flattery, shows the emperor as a tyrannical lover and mocks aspirations to the divinity of the one who takes himself for Jupiter, but is afraid of thunder, who wants to be the master of the destiny of all, but doesn’t master his own, falling under Messalina’s machinations. Keywords: Latin historiography, drama, destiny, machinations, tyranny."

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The solidus hoard of Casa delle Vestali in context

Opuscula Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome ◽

10.30549/opathrom-07-05 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 107-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Svante Fischer

Keyword(s):

Roman Empire ◽

Roman Emperor ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Gold Coins ◽

Late Roman

In this paper, I discuss the context of a Late Roman solidus hoard found in the Casa delle Vestali on the Forum Romanum in Rome. The hoard consists of 397 solidi, Late Roman gold coins. Most of the hoard consists of uncirculated solidi struck in the name of the Western Roman emperor Procopius Anthemius (AD 467–472). By means of situating the hoard within the context of the reign of Anthemius and the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the aim of this paper is to determine if the coins in the Vestal hoard can be related to other contemporary coin hoards by means of numismatic typology; this information could add to our understanding of why Anthemius’ reign is considered such an unmitigated failure and why the Empire collapsed soon after his murder. In this article, the composition of the hoard is examined, and the contents are compared to other contemporary solidus hoards in the Mediterranean, Gaul, Poland and Scandinavia. I argue that this comparison shows that the Vestal hoard is not part of a larger network but that the hoard constitutes the remains of an isolated occurrence—as initially suggested by its unusual composition and location.

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The Prehistory of Innovations in The Russian Funeral Ceremony (Vasily M. Tyapkin at the Burial of Jan II Kazimierz and Michał Wiśniowiecki)

Slavic World in the Third Millennium ◽

10.31168/2412-6446.2019.14.1-2.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1-2) ◽

pp. 7-22

Author(s):

Arseniy Bogatyrev

Keyword(s):

Sources Of Information ◽

Roman Emperor ◽

Funeral Ritual ◽

Charles V ◽

Funeral Rite ◽

Public Character ◽

Funeral Ceremony

There is an opinion that the ﬁ rst detailed description of certain aspects of the Western (royal) funeral rite appeared in Russia along with a description of the funeral procession in 1558-1559 of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Much more information contain reports of the Russian diplomat Vasily M. Tyapkin, who visited the burial of Kings Jan II Kazimierz and Michał Wiśniowiecki in Rzeczpospolita (1674, 1676). A unique example in Russian diplomatic practice of the age, these recordings expanded the ideas of the anatomical aspects of the funeral ritual, its public character, the use of state symbols, military paraphernalia, music, etc. Many of the things listed by the resident were used later in the Western-style funerals of Peter the Great’s associate Franz Lefort, in the “sad ceremonies” as a whole of the eighteenth and partly nineteenth centuries. This Moscow diplomat’s information also complements sources, in particular, on some aspects of the action with the heart of King Michał. The thoroughness of ﬁ xing all the procedures suggests that Tyapkin used some ready-made sources of information, which really existed. Tyapkin’s reports, which were abundant in details, anticipated many innovations of Peter I and his followers, showed that Peter’s reforms of the funeral ritual could have a Polish-Lithuanian source.

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