Didactismo y moralidad en la labor de traducción de Joaquina García Balmaseda (1837-1911)

Joaquina García Balmaseda (1837-1911) es hoy en día una escritora conocida por sus contribuciones a la literatura y el periodismo de mediados del siglo XIX. Existen muchas referencias a su producción literaria y a sus colaboraciones en revistas femeninas de la época, diseminadas en artículos y capítulos de libros; sin embargo, su labor como traductora no ha sido tan estudiada. El inmenso catálogo de traducciones de Balmaseda pone de relieve la importancia que tuvo esta parcela en su propia obra y, a la vez, muestra cómo contribuyó a divulgar los escritores europeos más importantes de su tiempo (George Sand, Paul Féval, Alexandre Dumas y Wilkie Collins, Charles Dickens y Mary Elizabeth Braddon entre otros). García Balmaseda ejerció un papel muy importante como mediadora cultural, sobre todo, en La Correspondencia de España (1860-1925), revista en la que colaboró asiduamente con sus traducciones. Destaca la inmediatez con la que tradujo las obras, lo dificultoso que resultaba trasladar y acortar novelas de grandes dimensiones para acomodarlas a la prensa. Ahora bien, sus convicciones ideológicas se hallan en el germen de sus producciones literarias y de traducción. En estas, suprime partes que no considera apropiadas para el lector de la época; modifica el argumento y lo acomoda para que forme parte de esa «literatura edificante» tan propia de la época isabelina. En la mayoría de los casos, las supresiones o cambios afectan a cuestiones políticas, morales y religiosas, a expresiones contrarias a la tradición, matrimonio, familia o valores de la patria.

SOCIAL EXCLUSION OF DEMI-MONDAINE AND NYAI IN FRENCH AND INDONESIAN NOVELS

One of the interesting themes but not widely featured in Indonesian and French literatures in the 19th and 20th centuries is nyai and demi-mondaine. Both have a similar meaning, namely the mistress of a man from the upper-middle class. This study looks at the exclusions that occur in the lives of nyai and demi-mondaine in an Indonesian novel titled Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer and a French novel titled La Dame aux Camélias by Alexandre Dumas (philosophers). The analysis was carried out using Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis approach to examine the exclusion process in the two novels, which describes the realities that occur in society. This study found that the mistresses are excluded primarily through labeling and stereotyping. Despite the exclusion from the discourse of ‘honor’ in society, the mistresses find their own way of surviving in a society that does not like them.Salah satu tema menarik namun tidak banyak ditampilkan dalam karya sastra Indonesia dan Prancis di abad 19 dan 20 adalah kehidupan nyai dan demi-monde. Keduanya memiliki pengertian yang hampir serupa, yakni perempuan simpanan dari seorang laki-laki kelas menengah ke atas. Sikap masyarakat yang cenderung merendahkan mereka dapat dipandang sebagai proses eksklusi. Penelitian ini menelusuri bagaimana ekslusi yang terjadi dalam kehidupan nyai dan courtesan di Indonesia dan Prancis seperti yang ada pada novel Bumi Manusia karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer dan novel La Dame aux Camélias karya Alexandre Dumas (fils). Analisis dilakukan dengan metode analisis wacana kritis dari Fairclough untuk melihat proses eksklusi di kedua novel tersebut, yang merupakan gambaran dari realita yang terjadi di masyarakat. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa proses eksklusi paling banyak terjadi melalui labelling dan stereotyping. Meski demikian, para perempuan simpanan yang mengalami eksklusi dari wacana ‘kehormatan’ di masyarakat memiliki cara sendiri untuk bertahan di tengah masyarakat yang tidak menyukai mereka.

Cagliostro em l’affaire du collier de la reine: entre a história, a literatura e o cinema

Cagliostro (1743-1795) foi uma figura histórica envolvida na trama social conhecida como l’affaire du collier de la reine, ocorrida em 1785 na Corte de Luís XVI e de Maria Antonieta, retratada no romance histórico Le Collier de la reine (1850-1852) de Alexandre Dumas, Pai. Na narrativa, o autor francês dialoga com arquivos históricos a respeito do personagem e é bastante inventivo na sua caracterização, apresentando-o como um agente inoportuno de um episódio político considerado preparador da queda da Bastilha. O enigmático e influente Cagliostro, inventado por Dumas, tornou-se transficcional, sendo retomado no filme Black Magic/ Cagliostro (1949). Nessa obra, o personagem passou a transitar alterado e renovado, indo do texto ao filme parcial ou totalmente modificado, enriquecendo mais ainda o repertório adquirido.

The Body of the Courtesan, the Body of the Novel: Characterizing La Dame aux camélias and A la recherche du temps perdu through Marguerite Gautier and Odette Swann

As the work of critic Michael Finn has demonstrated, while Marcel Proust has a generally dismissive attitude towards the work of Alexandre Dumas fils, the latter’s character Marguerite Gauthier nonetheless inspired Proust’s portrayal of Odette Swann in A la recherche du temps perdu. This article builds on the work of Finn to establish narrative and character parallels between Proust’s novel and Dumas fils’ La Dame aux Camélias, and proposes that, given these clear resemblances, closely examining the ways in which Odette differs from Marguerite will help us understand the stylistic specificities of these novels. I ultimately argue that the portrayal of these courtesan figures echoes the formal properties of the novels themselves. Dumas fils’ novel and the character of Marguerite tend towards epistemological clarity and certainty, whereas Proust’s novel, and the character of Odette, reveal an open and heterogenous literary universe.

History of Painters in Le Mousquetaire (1855)

In Florence, where he stayed between 1840 and 1843, Alexandre Dumas received a very prestigious editorial commission, La Galerie de Florence, to illustrate the collection of the Grand Duke’s Gallery. Dumas produced a history of the Medici family, a history of painting from the Egyptians to the present, and Histoire des peintres. Several decades later he reprised some of these texts in Trois maîtres (1861) and Italiens et Flamands (1862), which profiled different painters. To understand Dumas’s selection of artists, we must consider an intermediate work of his that has so far been forgotten: his Histoire des peintres published in feuilleton format in the pages of Le Mousquetaire, a journal he founded and edited between 1853 and 1857. This study briefly sets out the history of this work, focuses on some elements of its commentary, and identifies it as an interesting case of pseudo-scientific popularization spread via new channels of mass communication.

O MITO DA CONSPIRAÇÃO JESUÍTICA NO SÉCULO XIX: DAS PÁGINAS DA IMPRENSA AO UNIVERSO HISTÓRICO DE AS MINAS DE PRATA, DE JOSÉ DE ALENCAR

Resumo: O presente trabalho investiga a ressonância de propagandas e leituras antijesuíticas na ficção histórica de José de Alencar. As investigações debruçam-se, em particular, sobre os debates e polêmicas em torno do libelo as Monita Secreta (Instruções Secretas dos Jesuítas) e dos folhetins franceses O Judeu Errante, de Eugène Sue, e O Visconde de Bragelonne, de Alexandre Dumas, que circulam na imprensa fluminense e contribuem para a configuração de aspectos temáticos e ideológicos do romance As Minas de Prata, de Alencar.