Effect of body surface area calculations on body fat estimates in non-obese and obese subjects

AbstractTo investigate if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is related to the whole Body Surface Area (BSA), and to several other anthropometric and environmental factors.Serum 25(OH)D was determined in 489 apparently healthy subjects (346 women and 143 men, mean age 43.9 years) in April and May. From all subjects the following data were available: height, body weight, waist to hip ratio, BSA, BMI, environment of work (indoors vs. outdoors), habit of regularly sunbathing during previous summer(s), fear of sun, dwelling in city or village, and skin color.Approximately 43% of the participants had serum 25(OH)D levels between 10 and 20 ng/ml, 44% had values between 20.1 and 30 ng/ml, whereas about 5% had values below 10 ng/ml and only 9% had values above 30 ng/ml. There was a significant positive relationship between 25(OH)D, height and BSA, which was more pronounced for BSA in obese subjects even after adjustment for work outdoors and sunbathing during previous summer(s). Outdoor workers and sunbathers had higher 25(OH)D compared to indoor workers and non-sunbathers respectively. Men when compared to women had higher 25(OH)D regardless of BMI and this difference was apparently due to the fact that men were taller, had greater BSA, and worked more often outdoors.Height, whole BSA, gender, working outdoors and sunbathing in previous summer(s) proved to be significant determinants of serum 25(OH)D. Vitamin D status is higher in taller individuals with greater BSA, and in men when compared to women.

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Procainamide Disposition in Obesity

Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy ◽

10.1177/106002808301700704 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 17 (7-8) ◽

pp. 516-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Patricia B. Christoff ◽

David R. Conti ◽

Cartha Naylor ◽

William J. Jusko

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Renal Clearance ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Ideal Body Weight ◽

Tubular Secretion ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

Normal Mean ◽

Obese Subjects

The pharmacokinetics of intravenous procainamide (PA) were studied in seven obese and seven normal subjects. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates of PA and its active metabolite, NAPA, were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were related to ideal body weight (IBW) and total body weight (TBW). The volume of distribution at steady state (Vssd) was similar for both groups when based per unit of IBW. Plasma clearance of PA, corrected for body surface area, was greater in obese subjects when adjusted for IBW, but similar on the basis of TBW. For its components, metabolic and renal clearance, the obese subjects showed similar metabolic clearances, but a significant increase was found in renal clearance per unit of body surface area based on both IBW (normal mean, 11.9 L/h/m2; obese, 19.0 L/h/m2) and TBW (normal mean, 11.7 L/h/m2; obese, 15.7 L/h/m2). This appears to be due to increased tubular secretion of PA in the obese group. In contrast, these subjects had lower renal clearances of NAPA. Variability in disposition of PA may, thus, be affected by patient physiology and method of parameter normalization.

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How should renal hemodynamic data be indexed in obesity?

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.1681/asn.v591709 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 1709-1713 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R E Schmieder ◽

A H Beil ◽

H Weihprecht ◽

F H Messerli

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Body Surface ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Obese Subjects

Clearance data are customarily indexed to body surface area of 1.73 m2. This study examined whether this standard procedure gives correct values for renal perfusion in obese subjects. In 215 subjects who varied in age, gender, height, weight, obesity, and mean arterial blood pressure, RPF was determined by measuring the clearance of (131I)para-aminohippuric acid. Multiple regression analysis of the whole study group revealed that age (beta = -0.44, P < 0.001), height (beta = +0.25, P < 0.01), and arterial blood pressure (beta = -0.19, P < 0.01) were independent predictors of RPF, but that weight or body mass index was not. When related to body surface area, RPF appeared to decline with increasing obesity as follows: normal weight, 609 +/- 153 mL/min per 1.73 m2; overweight, 572 +/- 149 mL/min per 1.73 m2; severely overweight, 530 +/- 145 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (P < 0.012). In contrast, RPF related to height reflected a pattern concordant with the multiple regression analysis: normal weight, 3.76 +/- 0.9 mL/min per meter; overweight, 3.86 +/- 1.0 mL/min per meter; and severely overweight, 3.86 +/- 1.0 mL/min per meter (not significant). A separate repetition of the whole analysis for both normotensive (N = 55) and hypertensive subjects (N = 160) revealed a result similar to that found for the whole group. Thus, our results show that obesity was not a determinant of RPF, and when related to body surface area, inappropriately low values of RPF were calculated for obese patients. It was concluded that RPF values correlate with height and not with surface area in obese subjects.

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Indexing glomerular filtration rate for body surface area is useful in obese subjects

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfi263 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 821-821 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

V. Rigalleau ◽

P. Chauveau ◽

C. Lasseur ◽

C. Perlemoine ◽

N. Barthe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Glomerular Filtration ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Obese Subjects

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Differences in pressure sensitivity and tactile discrimination among individuals as a function of gender and body surface area

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e527352012-548 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Somer M. Givens ◽

David B. Boles

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Pressure Sensitivity ◽

Tactile Discrimination

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Risk Factors for Bleeding during Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650643 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (05) ◽

pp. 682-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Jos P J Wester ◽

Harold W de Valk ◽

Karel H Nieuwenhuis ◽

Catherine B Brouwer ◽

Yolanda van der Graaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Small Body ◽

Bleeding Risk ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Risk Of Bleeding ◽

Acute Venous Thromboembolism

Summary Objective: Identification of risk factors for bleeding and prospective evaluation of two bleeding risk scores in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective, randomized, assessor-blind, multicenter clinical trial. Setting: One university and 2 regional teaching hospitals. Patients: 188 patients treated with heparin or danaparoid for acute venous thromboembolism. Measurements: The presenting clinical features, the doses of the drugs, and the anticoagulant responses were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in order to evaluate prognostic factors for bleeding. In addition, the recently developed Utrecht bleeding risk score and Landefeld bleeding risk index were evaluated prospectively. Results: Major bleeding occurred in 4 patients (2.1%) and minor bleeding in 101 patients (53.7%). For all (major and minor combined) bleeding, body surface area ≤2 m2 (odds ratio 2.3, 95% Cl 1.2-4.4; p = 0.01), and malignancy (odds ratio 2.4, 95% Cl 1.1-4.9; p = 0.02) were confirmed to be independent risk factors. An increased treatment-related risk of bleeding was observed in patients treated with high doses of heparin, independent of the concomitant activated partial thromboplastin time ratios. Both bleeding risk scores had low diagnostic value for bleeding in this sample of mainly minor bleeders. Conclusions: A small body surface area and malignancy were associated with a higher frequency of bleeding. The bleeding risk scores merely offer the clinician a general estimation of the risk of bleeding. In patients with a small body surface area or in patients with malignancy, it may be of interest to study whether limited dose reduction of the anticoagulant drug may cause less bleeding without affecting efficacy.

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The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science Engineering and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrset2184117 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 131-136

Author(s):

Shirazu I. ◽

Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽

Elvis K. Tiburu ◽

Mensah Y. B. ◽

Forson A.

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Clinical Application ◽

Body Surface ◽

Body Height ◽

Health Indicators ◽

The Body ◽

Body Parameters ◽

The Relationship ◽

Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

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