Height, Whole Body Surface Area, Gender, Working Outdoors, and Sunbathing in Previous Summer are Important Determinants of Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 120 (01) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pazaitou-Panayiotou ◽  
P. Papapetrou ◽  
A. Chrisoulidou ◽  
S. Konstantinidou ◽  
E. Doumala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Previous Summer ◽  
Apparently Healthy

AbstractTo investigate if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is related to the whole Body Surface Area (BSA), and to several other anthropometric and environmental factors.Serum 25(OH)D was determined in 489 apparently healthy subjects (346 women and 143 men, mean age 43.9 years) in April and May. From all subjects the following data were available: height, body weight, waist to hip ratio, BSA, BMI, environment of work (indoors vs. outdoors), habit of regularly sunbathing during previous summer(s), fear of sun, dwelling in city or village, and skin color.Approximately 43% of the participants had serum 25(OH)D levels between 10 and 20 ng/ml, 44% had values between 20.1 and 30 ng/ml, whereas about 5% had values below 10 ng/ml and only 9% had values above 30 ng/ml. There was a significant positive relationship between 25(OH)D, height and BSA, which was more pronounced for BSA in obese subjects even after adjustment for work outdoors and sunbathing during previous summer(s). Outdoor workers and sunbathers had higher 25(OH)D compared to indoor workers and non-sunbathers respectively. Men when compared to women had higher 25(OH)D regardless of BMI and this difference was apparently due to the fact that men were taller, had greater BSA, and worked more often outdoors.Height, whole BSA, gender, working outdoors and sunbathing in previous summer(s) proved to be significant determinants of serum 25(OH)D. Vitamin D status is higher in taller individuals with greater BSA, and in men when compared to women.

Comparison of 24-Hour Whole Body versus Patch Tests for Estimating Body Surface Electrolyte Losses

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Palacios ◽  
Karin Wigertz ◽  
Connie M. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Electrolyte Content ◽  
Electrolyte Loss ◽  
Relative Comparisons

Purpose:To compare dermal electrolyte loss between whole body and regional patch methods in women during 24-h.Methods:Dermal loss was collected in 6 healthy women mean age 27 ± 4 years, while consuming 936 mg/d sodium, 1764 mg/d potassium, 696 mg/d calcium, and 152 mg/d magnesium. Twenty-four hour whole body dermal loss was collected using cotton suits by a washdown procedure. Twenty-four hour patch loss was collected from 8 patches placed on the legs, arms, and back.Results:Dermal loss from whole body was 108 ± 110 mg/d sodium, 133 ± 87 mg/d potassium, 103 ± 22 mg/d calcium, and 35 ± 13 mg/d magnesium. Electrolyte content from the 8 patches was similar among sites and ranged from 1.01–1.41 mg/d sodium, 0.35–0.83 mg/d potassium, 1.0– 1.45 mg/d calcium, and 0.43–0.49 mg/d magnesium. Projections from patches to whole body by the ratio of body surface area appear to overestimate actual whole body losses by 3.2X for sodium and calcium, 3.6X for magnesium, and 1.3X for potassium.Conclusions:Regional patch methods are more appropriate for relative comparisons than for accurately determining total daily dermal electrolyte losses.

scholarly journals Aging impairs heat loss, but when does it matter?

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill M. Stapleton ◽  
Martin P. Poirier ◽  
Andreas D. Flouris ◽  
Pierre Boulay ◽  
Ronald J. Sigal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Direct Calorimetry

Aging is associated with an attenuated physiological ability to dissipate heat. However, it remains unclear if age-related impairments in heat dissipation only occur above a certain level of heat stress and whether this response is altered by aerobic fitness. Therefore, we examined changes in whole body evaporative heat loss (HE) as determined using whole body direct calorimetry in young ( n = 10; 21 ± 1 yr), untrained middle-aged ( n = 10; 48 ± 5 yr), and older ( n = 10; 65 ± 3 yr) males matched for body surface area. We also studied a group of trained middle-aged males ( n = 10; 49 ± 5 yr) matched for body surface area with all groups and for aerobic fitness with the young group. Participants performed intermittent aerobic exercise (30-min exercise bouts separated by 15-min rest) in the heat (40°C and 15% relative humidity) at progressively greater fixed rates of heat production equal to 300 (Ex1), 400 (Ex2), and 500 (Ex3) W. Results showed that HE was significantly lower in middle-aged untrained (Ex2: 426 ± 34; and Ex3: 497 ± 17 W) and older (Ex2: 424 ± 38; and Ex3: 485 ± 44 W) compared with young (Ex2: 472 ± 42; and Ex3: 558 ± 51 W) and middle-aged trained (474 ± 21; Ex3: 552 ± 23 W) males at the end of Ex2 and Ex3 ( P < 0.05). No differences among groups were observed during recovery. We conclude that impairments in HE in older and middle-aged untrained males occur at exercise-induced heat loads of ≥400 W when performed in a hot environment. These impairments in untrained middle-aged males can be minimized through regular aerobic exercise training.

Procainamide Disposition in Obesity

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia B. Christoff ◽  
David R. Conti ◽  
Cartha Naylor ◽  
William J. Jusko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Obese Subjects

The pharmacokinetics of intravenous procainamide (PA) were studied in seven obese and seven normal subjects. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates of PA and its active metabolite, NAPA, were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were related to ideal body weight (IBW) and total body weight (TBW). The volume of distribution at steady state (Vssd) was similar for both groups when based per unit of IBW. Plasma clearance of PA, corrected for body surface area, was greater in obese subjects when adjusted for IBW, but similar on the basis of TBW. For its components, metabolic and renal clearance, the obese subjects showed similar metabolic clearances, but a significant increase was found in renal clearance per unit of body surface area based on both IBW (normal mean, 11.9 L/h/m2; obese, 19.0 L/h/m2) and TBW (normal mean, 11.7 L/h/m2; obese, 15.7 L/h/m2). This appears to be due to increased tubular secretion of PA in the obese group. In contrast, these subjects had lower renal clearances of NAPA. Variability in disposition of PA may, thus, be affected by patient physiology and method of parameter normalization.

Effect of body surface area calculations on body fat estimates in non-obese and obese subjects

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís B Sardinha ◽  
Analiza M Silva ◽  
Claudia S Minderico ◽  
Pedro J Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Obese Subjects

Body surface area determined by whole-body CT scanning: need for new formulae?

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Villa ◽  
Charlotte Primeau ◽  
Ulrik Hesse ◽  
Hans Petter Hougen ◽  
Niels Lynnerup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Ct ◽  
Body Ct

Total lung volume and its subdivisions in children: normal standards

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold A. Lyons ◽  
Ralph W. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Total Lung Volume ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Normal Standards ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Total lung capacity and its subdivisions were determined for 458 apparently healthy school children who ranged in age from 6 to 14 years. Calculations of correlation coefficients for these determinations and height, weight, and body surface area were made. Correlation coefficients were best with height for expiratory reserve volume (boys, 0.821; girls, 0.777), for functional residual capacity (boys, 0.800; girls, 0.801), for residual volume (boys, 0.550; girls, 0.538), for vital capacity (boys, 0.895; girls 0.861), and for total lung capacity (boys, 0.898; girls, 0.975). Inspiratory capacity correlated best with body surface area (boys, 0.881; girls, 0.853). Prediction formulas based on these data were established for total lung capacity and its subdivisions. For total lung capacity the following formulas were found: for boys, 30.71 H + 29.35 W – 2545; for girls, 30 H + 31.31 W – 2536. Submitted on November 6, 1961

scholarly journals A Framework for Analyzing the Whole Body Surface Area from a Single View

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e0166749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Piccirilli ◽  
Gianfranco Doretto ◽  
Donald Adjeroh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Single View
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