An approach to the Venturi effect by historical instruments

The main objective of the article is to investigate the problems of performing compositions by English composers of the XVIth – XVIIth centuries and the history of their sound incarnation. The author analyzes the appeal to the musical art of the "Golden Age" by A. G. Rubinstein, who included in the piano "Historical Concerts" and lectures works by W. Byrd, O. Gibbons, H. Purcell. Considering the specifics of the clavier texture, different types of variations and their influence on the development of instrumental techniques are distinguished. Based on the comparison of the pavane, the article draws conclusions about the stylistic features of various composers. As one of the key problems in creating an interpretation, the author notes the solution to the question of choosing a musical instrument (both between harpsichord and piano and between historical instruments), which has a decisive influence on sound quality. The article examines the experience of A. B. Lyubimov in performing works by English virginalists. Interpreted by G. Gould, the pianist emphasizes the new contemporary hearing of compositions by W. Byrd and O. Gibbons, performed in the same program with the works of A. Schoenberg, A. Webern, A. Berg, which reveals the dialogue of eras.

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The historical instruments of Armagh Observatory

Vistas in Astronomy ◽

10.1016/0083-6656(90)90020-9 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 149-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John McFarland

Keyword(s):

Historical Instruments

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Controlled Low Oxygen Concentration by Venturi Effect

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.1971.03180340068029 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 216 (8) ◽

pp. 1351

Author(s):

E. Leslie Chusid

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Concentration ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Venturi Effect ◽

Low Oxygen Concentration

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Lower limbs venous kinetics and consequent impact on drainage direction

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/0268355516688775 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 107-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sergio Gianesini ◽

Francesco Sisini ◽

Giovanni Di Domenico ◽

Joel Secchiero ◽

Anna Maria Malagoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Direction ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Reference Velocity ◽

Venturi Effect ◽

Anatomical Point ◽

Potential Factor ◽

Calf Compression ◽

Reported Data

Background Literature concerning the lower limbs physiological venous haemodynamics is still lacking of reference velocity values and consequent impact on drainage direction. Aim of the present study is to assess the flow velocities in the different venous compartments, evaluating the possible Venturi effect role, thus finding clues for the identification of the physical model governing the flow direction. Methods Thirty-six lower limbs underwent a velocity and diameters echo-color-Doppler assessment in several anatomical point of analysis along both the deep and superficial venous systems. The investigation protocol included and compared two different manoeuvres to elicit the flow: manual calf compression/relaxation (CR) and active foot dorsiflexion (AFD). Both peak systolic (PSV) and time average velocities (TAV) were measured. Results The different venous segments demonstrated an overlap among the velocity values and the anatomical subdivision of the deep and superficial compartments. At the CR, TAV was 34 ± 12 cm/s in the deep venous system (N1), 15 ± 7 cm/s in the saphenous system (N2), 5 ± 2 cm/s in the saphenous tributaries (N3); PSV was 89 ± 35 cm/s in N1, 34 ± 16 cm/s in N2, 11 ± 4 cm/s in N3, p < 0.05. At the AFD, TAV was 33 ± 13 cm/s in N1, 15 ± 7 in N2, 9 ± 5 in N3; PSV was 83 ± 35 in N1, 32 ± 17 in N2, 15 ± 4 in N3, p < 0.05. A diameter decrease was reported from N1 to N3 ( p < 0.05). Conclusion This investigation provides evidences of the velocity decrease from the deepest to the most superficial compartments. These data introduce the Venturi effect as potential factor in the flow aspiration from the tributary to the deeper veins. The reported data represent a first step towards an objective evaluation of the physic laws governing the drainage. These values can constitute the basis for further investigations in pathological and post-procedural scenarios.

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Prelude

The Baroque Violin & Viola ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190922696.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3-10

Author(s):

Walter S. Reiter

Keyword(s):

Short History ◽

Practical Guide ◽

Modern Technique ◽

History Of ◽

Basic Equipment ◽

Historical Instruments ◽

Course Of Study

Lesson One takes the form of a practical introduction, advising the reader on the basic equipment needed for the course of study. Although various compromises are possible, the advantages of studying on authentic historical instruments as opposed to modern ones are made clear. The objection that studying the Baroque violin or viola will somehow “damage” the player’s modern technique is laid to rest: on the contrary, such study will enhance both one’s technique and one’s understanding of how to make music. The options for acquiring a suitable violin include buying one in its original Baroque condition, reconverting an old one that has been modernized, and buying a modern copy. The choice of a suitable bow is also discussed. There follows a short history of gut strings, a section on how to choose them, and a practical guide to fitting them. The lesson ends with a brief survey of Baroque pitch.

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Historical Instruments for the Modern Sinus Surgeon

American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy ◽

10.1177/1945892418822879 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 220-225

Author(s):

Sabrina A. Brody-Camp ◽

Dane A. Weinert ◽

Edward D. McCoul

Keyword(s):

Sinus Surgery ◽

The Core ◽

The Past ◽

Technological Advances ◽

History Of ◽

Historical Instruments

Background Despite a proliferation of technological advances in sinonasal surgery, “cold steel” instruments still comprise the core of the sinus surgeon’s tools of the trade. Many of these implements retain eponyms that recall the legacies of prominent surgeons of the past. Objective This review aims to familiarize the reader with the lives of 10 men who designed and popularized some of the most recognizable sinus instruments, without which the practice of rhinologic surgery would be unrecognizable. Results Ten individuals whose inventions are still used to this day and retain their names: Hartmann, Killian, Freer, Blakesley, Weil, Frazier, Grünwald, Hajek, Takahashi, and Cottle. Conclusion Review of the history of these instruments helps demonstrate how sinus surgery has evolved to where it is today. The men described in this review transformed the practice of rhinologic surgery with their ingenuity and perseverance.

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3D Printed Flowmeter Based on Venturi Effect with Integrated Pressure Sensors

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2131509 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (13) ◽

pp. 1509 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krzysztof Adamski ◽

Bartosz Kawa ◽

Rafał Walczak

Keyword(s):

Liquid Flow ◽

Pressure Sensors ◽

Differential Pressure ◽

Single Chip ◽

Flow Meter ◽

Modular Systems ◽

Venturi Effect ◽

3D Printed

In this paper we present a 3D printed flow meter based on venturri effect. Dimensions of the microchannels are 800 µm for wider and 400 µm for thinker channel. Application of different type of sensors was investigated: differential, absolute and digital barometer. Results of measurement of differential pressure and calculation of liquid flow are shown. Presented microfluidics device can be also easy adapted for modular systems. Presented flow meter is the first integration of commercial available sensors and 3D printed microfluidics structure in a single chip.

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RECOMPRESSION PHENOMENA IN STEAM NOZZLES: PART I

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr41a-007 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 19a (5) ◽

pp. 67-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charles Alexander Robb

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Inlet Pressure ◽

Flowing Fluid ◽

Vena Contracta ◽

Venturi Effect ◽

Change Of State ◽

Expansion Curve ◽

Nozzle Shape ◽

The Difference ◽

Load Conditions

The purpose of the investigation was to find when and how recompression occurs in the flow of steam through a nozzle, its causes and effects, how the results can be predicted, and what losses are caused by these phenomena. Four types of recompression were observed: equilibrium, latent, vena contracta, and shock recompression.It is shown that steam in flowing through a nozzle of varying cross-section responds to the changes of area within certain limits and recompression phenomena may be expected. The Venturi effect has been observed in single nozzles, and in both parts of a composite nozzle.The behaviour of steam in equilibrium recompression in convergent-divergent nozzles can be predicted by means of an equation from which a valuers obtained for the pressure pr at which overexpansion ends and an increase in pressure begins; the pressure pr depends on the inlet pressure to the nozzle and on the difference in pressure at inlet and outlet.The recompression due to the contraction of the section can be controlled and avoided by suitable provision in the design. The compression following a change of state of a flowing fluid can be controlled by adjusting the rate of expansion of the fluid in specified pressure ranges. Novel evidence of latent recompression is found in a break or notch in the pressure expansion curve plotted from search tube observations.The experiments were carried out at inlet pressures within the range at which turbine-condition curves may cross the saturation line between the superheat and wet regions on the Mollier diagram, and the effects of recompression to be expected under varying load conditions can be interpreted for particular nozzle designs.Comparative studies of the effect of the nozzle shape on recompression phenomena and the losses resulting therefrom have indicated that the conditions for favourable efficiency require a larger inlet radius at the throat and a length shorter than the lengths commonly found in practice.

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