scholarly journals Light scattering detector based on light-emitting diodes-Solar cells for a flow analysis of Warfarin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2063 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Nagham S Turkey ◽  
Jalal N Jeber
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Light Emitting

Abstract Continuous turbidimetric analysis (CTA) for a distinctive analytical application by employing a homemade analyser (NAG Dual & Solo 0-180°) which contained two consecutive detection zones (measuring cells 1 & 2) is described. The analyser works based on light-emitting diodes as a light source and a set of solar cells as a light detector for turbidity measurements without needing further fibres or lenses. Formation of a turbid precipitated product with yellow colour due to the reaction between the warfarin and the precipitation reagent (Potassium dichromate) is what the developed method is based on. The CTA method was applied to determine the warfarin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations in the concentration range from 2.0-16& 0.7-16 mmol/L with 0.58 and 0.55 mmol/L of the limit of detections. The correlation coefficients (r) of the developed method were 0.9977 and 0.9981 for cell 1 and 2 respectively. For validation of proposed method, the ICH guidelines were followed. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of Warfarin in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. In addition, the method can be considered as a quality control method and conveniently used for routine analysis in laboratories since the method permits quantitatively determination of 60 samples/h.

Development and Validation of Novel UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Macitentan in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-559
Author(s):  
Mevlut Albayrak ◽  
Alptug Atila
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation

Introduction: Macitentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist drug used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Materials and Methods: A new, sensitive, simple, accurate and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography in combination with tandem triple quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of macitentan in pharmaceutical formulations. Macitentan and bosentan which are used as internal standard (IS) were detected using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in positive ion, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode by monitoring mass transitions (precursor to product) m/z 589.1→203.3 and 552.6→311.5, respectively. Chromatographic separation was carried out on reverse phase C18 column (5 µm, 4.6 * 150 mm). Water containing 0.2 % acetic acid in acetonitrile (10:90, v/v) was used as the mobile phase in the isocratic elution. The system was optimized with injection volume of 10 µL, column temperature of 35 °C and flow rate of 1 mL min-1 Retention times were 1.97 min for macitentan and 1.72 min for IS. Results and Discussion: The calibration curve with a high correlation coefficient (0.9997) was linear range 0.5-500 ng mL-1. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) and average recovery values were determined as 0.5 ng mL-1 and 99.7 %, respectively. The developed novel method has been successfully applied for the determination of macitentan in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. Conclusion: The present method is the first study developed and validated for the determination of macitentan from the pharmaceutical preparations and pure form by UPLC-MS/MS method in the literature.

scholarly journals Simple UV Spectrophotometric Determination of Rosuvastatin Calcium in Pure Form and in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka Gupta ◽  
P. Mishra ◽  
K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Rosuvastatin Calcium ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

A new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method in ultraviolet region has been developed for the determination of rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations. Rosuvastatin exhibits absorption maxima at 244 nm with apparent molar absorptivity of 7.2345 ×104L/mol.cm in methanol. Beer’s law was found to be obeyed in the concentration range of 2-18 µg/mL. The method is accurate, precise and economical. This method is extended to pharmaceutical preparations. In this method, there is no interference from any common pharmaceutical additives and diluents. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric determination of Valsartan in pure form and in its pharmaceutical preparations

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qabas Rashid ◽  
Ruwaida Farman Salih
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Chromogenic Reagent

An easy, rapid and economical spectrophotometric method for  determination of  Valsartan (Val), by reaction with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl) as reagent in an alkaline interemediate. This method is based on the forming of product between (Val) and the chromogenic reagent (NBD-Cl), to produce a brown color at (pH 11.9) and λmax. 470 nm.  Beer’s Law is obeyed at the concentrations range of (0.4-14.8 µg/ml), with molar absorptivity of (1.05×104 L/mol.cm) and correlation coefficient 0.9827, The limit of detection was 0.557 µg/ml. The suggested method was prosperity implement to the determination of (Val) in  pure form and in its pharmaceutical formulations (tablets).

Colorimetric Determination of Amoxicillin in Pure and some Pharmaceutical Formulations Via Reaction with Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant Reagent

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Shebeeb Al-kadumi ◽  
Sahar Rihan Fadhel ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Ahmed ◽  
Luma Amer Musa
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Label Claim

We proposed two simple, rapid, and convenient spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Amoxicillin in bulk and its pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the measurement of the flame atomic emission of potassium ion (in first method) and colorimetric determination of the green colored solution for manganite ion at 610 nm formed after reaction of Amoxicillin with potassium permanganate as oxidant agent (in the second method) in basic medium. The working conditions of the methods were investigated and optimized. Beer's law plot showed a good correlation in the concentration range of 5-45 μg/ml. The detection limits and relative standared deviations were (2.573, 2.814 μg/ml) (2.137, 2.498) for the flame emission photometric method and (1.844, 2.016 μg/ml) (1.645,1.932) for colorimetric methods for capsules and suspensions respectively. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of Amoxicillin in capsules and suspensions, and the obtained results were in good agreement with the label claim. No interference was observed from the commonly encountered additives and expectancies.

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Sartans in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-222
Author(s):  
Miglena Smerikarova ◽  
Stanislav Bozhanov ◽  
Vania Maslarska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Sartans are mostly used as a part of combination with additional medicines in the therapy of essencial hypertension. Preferred combinations are ARB and thiazide diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and Chlorthalidone (CHL)) or ARB and calcium antagonists. The number of sartans mostly prescribed by specialists is only seven - Candesartan (CDS), Eprosartan (EPS), Irbesartan (IBS), Losartan (LOS), Olmesartan (OMS), Telmisartan (TMS) and Valsartan (VLS). Methods: The widespread use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension requires reliable methods of analysis. Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations should be analyzed to ensure the quality of the medicinal products reaching patients. On the other hand, the analysis of drugs in biological fluids aims to trace and improve patient care by adjusting the therapeutic doses of drugs. According to our knowledge, a review devoted to the analysis of sartans was published in 2014. Results: Spectral methods are widely used in the analysis of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical dosage forms due to their relatively simple procedures, low reagent and sample consumption, speed, precision and accuracy combined with accessibility and comparatively low cost of common apparatus. Many papers for determination of sartans in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations based on liquid chromatographic techniques were published in the available literature. Among these methods, HPLC takes the leading place but UPLC and HPTLC are also present. Conclusion: The widespread use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension requires reliable methods of analysis. Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations should be analyzed to ensure the quality of the medicinal products reaching patients. On the other hand, the analysis of drugs in biological fluids aims to trace and improve patient care by adjusting the therapeutic doses of drugs. Since 2014, many articles have been published on the sartans analysis and this provoked our interest to summarize the latest applications in the analysis of sartans in pharmaceutical formulations and biological media. Articles published from 2014 to 2018 are covered.

Light source with light emitting diodes. Determination of limited frequencies and of the crest factor of illuminance meters and luminance meters

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
J Deforges ◽  
P Garcia ◽  
J Bastie ◽  
F Marandet ◽  
J Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Crest Factor ◽  
Light Emitting

scholarly journals Study of Nanostructured Polymeric Composites Used for Organic Light Emitting Diodes and Organic Solar Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Nang Dinh ◽  
Do Ngoc Chung ◽  
Tran Thi Thao ◽  
David Hui
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light

Polymeric nanocomposite films from PEDOT and MEH-PPV embedded with surface modified TiO2nanoparticles for the hole transport layer and emission layer were prepared, respectively, for organic emitting diodes (OLEDs). The composite of MEH-PPV+nc-TiO2was used for organic solar cells (OSCs). The characterization of these nanocomposites and devices showed that electrical (I-Vcharacteristics) and spectroscopic (photoluminescent) properties of conjugate polymers were enhanced by the incorporation of nc-TiO2in the polymers. The organic light emitting diodes made from the nanocomposite films would exhibit a larger photonic efficiency and a longer lasting life. For the organic solar cells made from MEH-PPV+nc-TiO2composite, a fill factor reached a value of about 0.34. Under illumination by light with a power density of 50 mW/cm2, the photoelectrical conversion efficiency was about 0.15% corresponding to an open circuit voltageVoc= 0.126 V and a shortcut circuit current densityJsc= 1.18 mA/cm2.

scholarly journals New Diazo Coupling Reactions for Visible Spectrophotometric Determination of Alfuzosin in Pharmaceutical Preparations

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vamsi Krishna ◽  
D. Gowri Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Acetyl Acetone ◽  
Diazo Coupling ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Diazonium Ion

Simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric procedures were developed for the analysis of Alfuzosin hydrochloride (AFZ) in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the reaction of AFZ with nitrite in acid medium to form diazonium ion, which is coupled with ethoxyethylenemaleic ester (Method A) or ethylcyanoacetate (Method B) or acetyl acetone (method C) in basic medium to form azo dyes, showing absorption maxima at 440, 465 and 490 nm respectively. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration of 4-20 μg/mL of AFZ for methods A, B and 3-15 μg/mL of AFZ for method C. The molar absorptivity and sandell’s sensitivity of AFZ- ethoxyethylenemaleic ester, AFZ- ethylcyanoacetate and AFZ-acetyl acetone are1.90 × 104, 0.022; 1.93 × 104, 0.021 and 2.67 × 104L mole-1cm-1, 0.015 μg cm-2respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of AFZ in pharmaceutical formulations.

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