scholarly journals Examples of Calabi-Yau threefolds with small Hodge numbers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2081 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
A O Shishanin
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Fundamental Group ◽  
Gauge Group ◽  
Complete Intersection ◽  
Euler Characteristic ◽  
Discrete Group ◽  
Free Action ◽  
Discrete Groups ◽  
Hodge Numbers ◽  
Fixed Point Sets

Abstract We observe some suitable examples of Calabi-Yau threefolds for heterotic superstring compactifications. It is reasonable to seek CY threefolds with Euler characteristic equals ±6 because of generation’s number. Hosotani mechanism for violations of the gauge group by the Wilson loops requires such CY space has a non-trivial fundamental group. These spaces can be obtained by factoring the complete intersection Calabi-Yau spaces by the free action of some discrete group. Also we shortly discuss cases when discrete groups act with fixed point sets.

scholarly journals The Expanding Zoo of Calabi-Yau Threefolds

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhys Davies
Keyword(s):  
Abelian Group ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Fundamental Group ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Heterotic String ◽  
Discrete Groups ◽  
Heterotic String Theory ◽  
Hodge Numbers ◽  
Topological Transitions

This is a short review of recent constructions of new Calabi-Yau threefolds with small Hodge numbers and/or nontrivial fundamental group, which are of particular interest for model building in the context of heterotic string theory. The two main tools are topological transitions and taking quotients by actions of discrete groups. Both of these techniques can produce new manifolds from existing ones, and they have been used to bring many new specimens to the previously sparse corner of the Calabi-Yau zoo, where both Hodge numbers are small. Two new manifolds are also obtained here from hyperconifold transitions, including the first example with fundamental groupS3, the smallest non-Abelian group.

scholarly journals Discrete Group Actions on Digital Objects and Fixed Point Sets by Isok(·)-Actions

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Sang-Eon Han
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Discrete Group ◽  
Dihedral Group ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Topological Invariant ◽  
Digital Object ◽  
Point Sets ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
Fixed Point Sets

Given a digital image (or digital object) (X,k),X⊂Zn, this paper initially establishes a group structure of the set of self-k-isomorphisms of (X,k) with the function composition, denoted by Isok(X) or Autk(X). In particular, let Ckn,l be a simple closed k-curve with l elements in Zn. Then, the group Isok(Ckn,l) is proved to be isomorphic to the standard dihedral group Dl with order l. The calculation of this quantity Isok(Ckn,l) is a key step for obtaining many new results. Indeed, it is essential for exploring many features of Isok(X). Furthermore, this quantity is proved to be a digital topological invariant. After proceeding with an Isok(X)-action on (X,k), we investigate some properties of fixed point sets by this action. Finally, we explore various features of fixed point sets by this action from the viewpoint of digital k-curve theory. This paper only deals with k-connected digital images (X,k) whose cardinality is equal to or greater than 2. Besides, we discuss some errors that have appeared in the lilterature.

scholarly journals L2-BETTI NUMBERS OF DISCRETE MEASURED GROUPOIDS

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 1169-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROMAN SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Probability Space ◽  
Betti Numbers ◽  
Free Action ◽  
Countable Group ◽  
Equivalence Relations ◽  
Dimension Theory ◽  
Discrete Groups ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Orbit Equivalent ◽  
Definition Of

There are notions of L2-Betti numbers for discrete groups (Cheeger–Gromov, Lück), for type II1-factors (recent work of Connes-Shlyakhtenko) and for countable standard equivalence relations (Gaboriau). Whereas the first two are algebraically defined using Lück's dimension theory, Gaboriau's definition of the latter is inspired by the work of Cheeger and Gromov. In this work we give a definition of L2-Betti numbers of discrete measured groupoids that is based on Lück's dimension theory, thereby encompassing the cases of groups, equivalence relations and holonomy groupoids with an invariant measure for a complete transversal. We show that with our definition, like with Gaboriau's, the L2-Betti numbers [Formula: see text] of a countable group G coincide with the L2-Betti numbers [Formula: see text] of the orbit equivalence relation [Formula: see text] of a free action of G on a probability space. This yields a new proof of the fact the L2-Betti numbers of groups with orbit equivalent actions coincide.

scholarly journals CONFORMAL HOUSE

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 4603-4621 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS A. RYTTOV ◽  
FRANCESCO SANNINO
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Fixed Points ◽  
Gauge Group ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Consistency Check ◽  
Effective Lagrangian ◽  
Anomalous Dimensions ◽  
Mass Terms

We investigate the gauge dynamics of nonsupersymmetric SU (N) gauge theories featuring the simultaneous presence of fermionic matter transforming according to two distinct representations of the underlying gauge group. We bound the regions of flavors and colors which can yield a physical infrared fixed point. As a consistency check we recover the previously investigated bounds of the conformal windows when restricting to a single matter representation. The earlier conformal windows can be imagined to be part now of the new conformal house. We predict the nonperturbative anomalous dimensions at the infrared fixed points. We further investigate the effects of adding mass terms to the condensates on the conformal house chiral dynamics and construct the simplest instanton induced effective Lagrangian terms.

scholarly journals Clebsch–Gordan coefficients of discrete groups in subgroup bases

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1850055
Author(s):  
Gaoli Chen
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Group ◽  
Irreducible Representations ◽  
Complex Conjugate ◽  
Discrete Groups

We express each Clebsch–Gordan (CG) coefficient of a discrete group as a product of a CG coefficient of its subgroup and a factor, which we call an embedding factor. With an appropriate definition, such factors are fixed up to phase ambiguities. Particularly, they are invariant under basis transformations of irreducible representations of both the group and its subgroup. We then impose on the embedding factors constraints, which relate them to their counterparts under complex conjugate and therefore restrict the phases of embedding factors. In some cases, the phase ambiguities are reduced to sign ambiguities. We describe the procedure of obtaining embedding factors and then calculate CG coefficients of the group [Formula: see text] in terms of embedding factors of its subgroups [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

Fixed point sets for abstract volterra operators on fréchet spaces

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Bedivan ◽  
Donal O′Regan
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Fréchet Spaces ◽  
Point Sets ◽  
Volterra Operators ◽  
Fixed Point Sets

scholarly journals NEW EXAMPLES OF CALABI–YAU 3-FOLDS AND GENUS ZERO SURFACES

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350010 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILBERTO BINI ◽  
FILIPPO F. FAVALE ◽  
JORGE NEVES ◽  
ROBERTO PIGNATELLI
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Group ◽  
Moduli Space ◽  
General Type ◽  
Picard Number ◽  
Surfaces Of General Type ◽  
Geometric Genus ◽  
Genus Zero ◽  
New Family ◽  
Hodge Numbers ◽  
Projective Lines

We classify the subgroups of the automorphism group of the product of four projective lines admitting an invariant anticanonical smooth divisor on which the action is free. As a first application, we describe new examples of Calabi–Yau 3-folds with small Hodge numbers. In particular, the Picard number is 1 and the number of moduli is 5. Furthermore, the fundamental group is nontrivial. We also construct a new family of minimal surfaces of general type with geometric genus zero, K2 = 3 and fundamental group of order 16. We show that this family dominates an irreducible component of dimension 4 of the moduli space of the surfaces of general type.

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