Symmetric Mass Generation in Lattice Gauge Theory

We construct a four-dimensional lattice gauge theory in which fermions acquire mass without breaking symmetries as a result of gauge interactions. Our model consists of reduced staggered fermions transforming in the bifundamental representation of an SU(2)×SU(2) gauge symmetry. This fermion representation ensures that single-site bilinear mass terms vanish identically. A symmetric four-fermion operator is however allowed, and we give numerical results that show that a condensate of this operator develops in the vacuum.

The massive supermembrane on a knot

We obtain the Hamiltonian formulation of the 11D Supermembrane theory non-trivially compactified on a twice punctured torus times a 9D Minkowski space-time. It corresponds to a M2-brane formulated in 11D space with ten non-compact dimensions. The critical points like the poles and the zeros of the fields describing the embedding of the Supermembrane in the target space are treated rigorously. The non-trivial compactification generates non-trivial mass terms appearing in the bosonic potential, which dominate the full supersymmetric potential and should render the spectrum of the (regularized) Supermembrane discrete with finite multiplicity. The behaviour of the fields around the punctures generates a cosmological term in the Hamiltonian of the theory.The massive supermembrane can also be seen as a nontrivial uplift of a supermembrane torus bundle with parabolic monodromy in M9 × T2. The moduli of the theory is the one associated with the punctured torus, hence it keeps all the nontriviality of the torus moduli even after the decompactification process to ten noncompact dimensions. The formulation of the theory on a punctured torus bundle is characterized by the (1, 1) − knots associated with the monodromies.

Generation flow in field theory and strings

Nontrivial strong dynamics often leads to the appearance of chiral composites. In phenomenological applications, these can either play the role of Standard Model particles or lift chiral exotics by partnering with them in mass terms. As a consequence, the RG flow may change the effective number of chiral generations, a phenomenon we call generation flow. We provide explicit constructions of globally consistent string models exhibiting generation flow. Since such constructions were misclassified in the traditional model searches, our results imply that more care than usually appreciated has to be taken when scanning string compactifications for realistic models.

Low-scale minimal linear seesaw model for neutrino mass and flavor mixing

We consider an extension of the Standard Model with three right-handed (RH) neutrinos and a Dirac pair of extra sterile neutrinos, odd under a discrete [Formula: see text] symmetry, in order to have left–right symmetry in the neutrino content and obtain tiny neutrino masses from the latter ones only. Our working hypothesis is that the heavy RH neutrinos do not influence phenomenology at low energies. We use the usual high-scale seesaw to suppress all of the mass terms involving RH neutrinos and a low-scale minimal variant of the linear seesaw led by the Dirac mass of the extra sterile neutrinos to provide the small mass of active neutrinos. One of the active neutrinos is massless, which fixes the mass of the other two on the basis of a soft breaking of the [Formula: see text] symmetry. The mixing between the extra neutrinos makes for a particle that effectively behaves like a Dirac sterile neutrino with mass around the GeV level.

Four Bosons EM Conservation Laws

Electromagnetism is expressed from two basic postulates. They are light invarianceand charge conservation. At this work one extends the Maxwell scenario from macroscopic to microscopic electromagnetism by following the elementary particles electric charge microscopic behavior. It yields a triune electric charge interrelationship. Three charges {+, 0, −} be exchanged through a vector bosons quadruplet. It is called Four Bosons Electromagnetism. A systemic EM physics appears to be understood. Maxwell photon is not enough for describing the microscopic electric charge physics. An extension for electromagnetic energy is obtained. The fields quadruplet {Aµ, Uµ, Vµ±} are the porters of electromagnetic energy. They are the usual photon Aµ, massive photon Uµ and two charged photons Vµ±, A new understanding on EM phenomena has to be considered. A set determinism based on granular and collective fields is developed. A space-time evolution associated to a whole.Conservation laws are studied. The EM phenomena is enlarged to three charges interchanges to {+, 0, −}. Two novelties appear. New features on nonlinear fields acting as own sources and on electric charge physics. Properties as conservation, conduction, transmission, interaction are extended to a systemic electromagnetism. A whole conservation law for electric charge emerges from three charges interwoven. Electric charge has a systemic behavior. Although there is no Coulomb law for zero electric charge, the Four Bosons Electromagnetism contains an EM energy which provides a neutral electromagnetism. Particles with zero charge {Aµ, Uµ} are carrying EM energy. Another consideration is on EM energy being transported by four nonlinear fields. A new physicality appears. The abelian nonlinearity generates fields charges. Fields are working as own sources through mass terms, trilinear and quadrilinear interactions, spin couplings. Consequently the photon is more than being a consequence from electric charge oscillations. It is able to generate its own charge. Introduce the meaning of photonics.Thus, electric charge is no more the isolate electromagnetic source. There are another conservation laws. Fields sources appear through corresponding equations of motion, Bianchi identities, energy-momentum, Noether laws and angular momentum conservation laws. They move EM to a fields charges dependence. Together with electric charge they carrythe electromagnetic flux. Supporting the Ahranov-Bohm experiment of potential fields as primitive entities.

$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 QED in 2 + 1 dimensions: dualities and enhanced symmetries

We consider three-dimensional sQED with 2 flavors and minimal supersymmetry. We discuss various models which are dual to Gross-Neveu-Yukawa theories. The U(2) ultraviolet global symmetry is often enhanced in the infrared, for instance to O(4) or SU(3). This is analogous to the conjectured behaviour of non-supersymmetric QED with 2 flavors. A perturbative analysis of the Gross-Neveu-Yukawa models in the D = 4 − ε expansion shows that the U(2) preserving superpotential deformations of the sQED (mod- ulo tuning mass terms to zero) are irrelevant, therefore the fixed points with enhanced symmetry are stable. We also construct an example of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 sQED with 4 flavors that exhibits enhanced SO(6) symmetry.

Towards general scalar-Yukawa renormalisation group equations at three-loop order

For arbitrary four-dimensional quantum field theories with scalars and fermions, renormalisation group equations in the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$ MS ¯ scheme are investigated at three-loop order in perturbation theory. Collecting literature results, general expressions are obtained for field anomalous dimensions, Yukawa interactions, as well as fermion masses. The renormalisation group evolution of scalar quartic, cubic and mass terms is determined up to a few unknown coefficients. The combined results are applied to compute the renormalisation group evolution of the gaugeless Litim-Sannino model.

How dark is the νR-philic dark photon?

We consider a generic dark photon that arises from a hidden U(1) gauge symmetry imposed on right-handed neutrinos (νR). Such a νR-philic dark photon is naturally dark due to the absence of tree-level couplings to normal matter. However, loop-induced couplings to charged leptons and quarks are inevitable, provided that νR mix with left-handed neutrinos via Dirac mass terms. We investigate the loop-induced couplings and find that the νR-philic dark photon is not inaccessibly dark, which could be of potential importance to future dark photon searches at SHiP, FASER, Belle-II, LHC 14 TeV, etc.

Anisotropic ferroelectric distortion effects on the RKKY interaction in topological crystalline insulators

Manipulation of electronic and magnetic properties of topological materials is a topic of much interest in spintronic and valleytronic applications. Perturbation tuning of multiple Dirac cones on the (001) surface of topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) is also a related topic of growing interest. Here we show the numerical evidence for the ferroelectric structural distortion effects on the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction between two magnetic impurity moments on the SnTe (001) and related alloys. The mirror symmetry breaking between Dirac cones induced by the ferroelectric distortion could be divided into various possible configurations including the isotropically gapped, coexistence of gapless and gapped, and anisotropically gapped phases. Based on the retarded perturbed Green’s functions of the generalized gapped Dirac model, we numerically find the RKKY response for each phase. The distortion-induced symmetry breaking constitutes complex and interesting magnetic responses between magnetic moments compared to the pristine TCIs. In the specific case of coexisted gapless and gapped phases, a nontrivial behavior of the RKKY interaction is observed, which has not been seen in other Dirac materials up until now. For two impurities resided on the same sublattices, depending on the distortion strength, magnetic orders above of a critical impurity separation exhibit irregular ferromagnetic ⇔ antiferromagnetic phase transitions. However, independent of the impurity separation and distortion strength, no phase transition emerges for two impurities resided on different sublattices. This essential study sheds light on magnetic properties of Dirac materials with anisotropic mass terms and also makes TCIs applications relatively easy to understand.