scholarly journals Unmanned aerial systems in search and rescue applications with their path planning: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2115 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
V S Ajith ◽  
KG Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
And Control ◽  
Aerial Systems ◽  
Border Surveillance

Abstract In recent days, the Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) is an emerging technology rapidly across many warfare’s and enable new civilian domains which include real-time monitoring, security, border surveillance, wildlife surveys, providing wireless coverage, weather monitoring, smart farming, surveying, search and rescue, products delivery, farming, and civil structure inspection. Initially, there were many challenges in the design and control of UAS as it lacks an onboard pilot for navigation. Now the condition is improved with the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques in path planning and their coordination. Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAV) in UAS technology open up new potentials in a variety of fields. This paper presents a review of recent literature, starting with the introduction about the UAS and its types, components, developments, potential applications of UAV in search and rescue and the paper completes with a summary of the different path planning methods used in UAS.

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in urban search and rescue-methodology, capacity development, and integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Ariel Braverman, BSc, RN, EMT-P
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Urban Search And Rescue ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Ventilation Ducts ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Roadless Areas ◽  
Aerial Systems

This paper’s purpose is to establish a methodological basis for using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in urban search and rescue (USAR). Modern USAR operations involve the location, rescue (extrication), and initial medical stabilization of individuals trapped in confined spaces or places with complicated access, eg, high structures. As a part of the ongoing modernization process, this paper explores possible options for UAV utilization in USAR operations. Today, UAV are already taking part in support emergency operations all over the world, and possible forms of operation for UAV in USAR environment can be in two primary modes: on-site and logistic chain. The on-site mode includes various capabilities of multilayer UAV array, mostly based on enhanced visual capabilities to create situational awareness and to speed-up search and rescue (SAR) process including using nanodrones for entering into confined places, ventilation ducts, and underground sewer channels can give to rescue teams’ opportunities to have eyes within ruins even before initial clearing process. Cargo drones will be able to bring equipment directly to high floors or roadless areas in comparison to wheeled transportation. The advantages of cargo drones operation are the ability of autonomous flight based on GPS or homing beacon and ability to provide logistics supports without involving additional personnel and vehicles and with no dependence on road conditions.

scholarly journals Controlling the Operation Process of the Unmanned Aerial System

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-36
Author(s):  
Leszek Ułanowicz ◽  
Michał Jóźko ◽  
Paweł Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
Technical Condition ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Unmanned Aerial System ◽  
Operation System ◽  
Mutual Relation ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Credible Information ◽  
Technical Operation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Aerial Systems

Abstract The development of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) encountered the problem of controlling the process of technical operation. The literature that is available to the authors lacks credible information concerning the principles of specifying the strategy and control of the process of UAS operation. Hence, it is necessary to recognise and interpret the basic UAS operation features. The purpose of the publication is to present the properties of the UAS as an object of operation and the mutual relation of the technical operation process with the UAS’ technical condition alteration process. We present the results of analyses in terms of functionality and the UAS’ utility potential. The publication pays special attention to the properties of the UAS as an object of operation. The paper includes the analysis of the UAS operation principles and the specification of the advantage and disadvantage of those principles, i.e. using a non-repairable UAS until damaged, using a repairable UAS until damaged, periodical technical servicing, continuous diagnostic operation. The proposals for the control models in the UAS operation system have also been included.

Unmanned aerial systems: autonomy, cognition, and control

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-80
Author(s):  
Allahyar Montazeri ◽  
Aydin Can ◽  
Imil Hamda Imran
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Aerial Systems

Explicit Aerodynamic Model Characterization of a Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Quasi-Steady Flight

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez de Cos ◽  
José Ángel Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Controller Design ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Aerodynamic Forces ◽  
Aerodynamic Model ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Aerial Systems

Abstract In the last years, the research on unmanned aerial systems (UASs) has shown a marked growth and the models to simulate UASs have been deeply studied. Although onboard controller algorithms have increased their complexity, most of them still rely on simplistic models. In essence, aerodynamic forces/torques are generally considered either insignificant compared to propulsion and inertial forces or acceptably modeled with constant aerodynamic coefficients estimated in a particular flight regime. However, the increase of power in the onboard computers allows to make controller algorithms more complex, and therefore, to increase the total performance of the UAS. In this regard, this work provides an explicit aerodynamic model for multirotor UAS that, unlike most of the current models, does not need iterations to be adjusted to the flight conditions at a higher computational cost. This explicit nature makes it an excellent choice for being implemented in onboard computers, thus covering a broad range of applications, from controller design to numerical analysis (e.g., the capture nonlinear phenomena like bifurcations). To obtain this accurate explicit mathematical aerodynamic model, a thorough analysis of a batch of simulations is carried out. In these simulations, the aerodynamic forces and torques are estimated using computer fluid dynamics (CFD), and the propulsive effects are taken into account via blade element momentum theory (BEMT). A study of its implementation for different regimes and platforms is also provided, as well as some potential applications of the solution, like robust control strategies or machine learning.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Emerging Landscape of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Trinidad and Tobago

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Raid Al-Tahir ◽  
Giatri K. Lalla
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Aerial Systems

Interest in the civilian applications of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) has been growing worldwide, especially in government and commercial tasks such as surveillance, search and rescue, inspection of infrastructure, agriculture, mining, and mapping. Likewise, Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) has been witnessing a growing interest and application of commercial and non-commercial UAS operations. However, there is little assessment for the growth of the UAS market nor is there characterisation of UAS-based activities since the pertinent regulations established in 2016. This study seeks to formally identify the emerging UAS landscape in T&T during the period 2015 to 2019. As such, this study maps and characterises the spatial and temporal patterns of UAS distribution, then appraises the various categories for the existing operations. To achieve these goals, this study utilised qualitative and quantitative techniques of Geoinformatics. The intent for this study is to provide a perspective on the growth and the implications of the UAS industry in T&T, and to guide strategic planning among organisations with a stake in the emergence of UAS into civil airspace.

scholarly journals Unmanned aerial system–assisted wilderness search and rescue mission

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 155014771985071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truong Duy Dinh ◽  
Rustam Pirmagomedov ◽  
Van Dai Pham ◽  
Aram A Ahmed ◽  
Ruslan Kirichek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Unmanned Aerial System ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Rescue Mission ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aerial Systems

The success of the wilderness search and rescue missions is highly dependent on the time required to search for the lost person. The use of unmanned aerial systems may enhance search and rescue missions by supplying aerial support of the search process. There are unmanned aerial system–based solutions, which are capable of detecting the lost person using computer vision, infrared sensors, and detection of a mobile phone signal. The most pressing issue is reducing the cost of a search and rescue mission. Thus, to improve the efficiency of the resource utilization in wilderness search scenario, we consider the use of unmanned aerial system for both mobile phone detection and enabling Wi-Fi communication for the ground portion of the search and rescue team. Such an approach does not require specific additional tools (e.g. access point, specific user equipment) for communication, which reduces the cost and improves the scalability and coordination of the search and rescue mission. As a result, the article provides methods of searching the wilderness for a person using beacon signals from a mobile phone for two situations: when the distance to the source of emergency signals is unknown and when the distance is known. In addition, the voice transmission delay and the number of unmanned aircrafts are found to guaranty the quality of a call.

scholarly journals Investigating Methods for Integrating Unmanned Aerial Systems in Search and Rescue Operations

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
William T. Weldon ◽  
Joseph Hupy
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Traditional Group ◽  
High Data ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
Aerial Systems

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are increasingly being used in search and rescue (SAR) operations to assist in the discovery of missing persons. UAS are useful to first responders in SAR operations due to rapid deployment, high data volume, and high spatial resolution data collection capabilities. Relying on traditional manual interpretation methods to find a missing person in imagery data sets containing several hundred images is both challenging and time consuming. To better find small signs of missing persons in large UAS datasets, computer assisted interpretation methods have been developed. This article presents the results of an initial evaluation of a computer assisted interpretation method tested against manual methods in a simulated SAR operation. The evaluation performed focused on using resources available to first responders performing SAR operations, specifically: RGB data, volunteers, and a commercially available software program. Results from this field test were mixed, as the traditional group discovered more objects but required more time, in man hours, to discover the objects. Further field experiments, based on the capabilities of current first responder groups, should be conducted to determine to what extent computer assisted methods are useful in SAR operations.

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