scholarly journals Expected electromagnetic environment at the energy infrastructure facilities of remote ports (berths)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (5) ◽  
pp. 052048
Author(s):  
Y M Denchik ◽  
E V Ivanova ◽  
M N Ivanova ◽  
V G Salnikov ◽  
D A Zubanov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Electromagnetic Disturbance ◽  
Electromagnetic Environment ◽  
Voltage Change ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Voltage Deviation ◽  
Floating Objects

Abstract The article deals with the issues of electromagnetic compatibility of coastal and floating objects in the waters of ports (berths). The subject of the study is the processes occurring in the electrical network when powering ships of the technical fleet and floating objects from the shore, which determine the need for automated calculation of conductive low-frequency electromagnetic disturbance for their subsequent suppression. An algorithm for calculating the parameters of the electromagnetic environment is presented, which is based on the analysis of the distribution parameters of slow voltage changes. The mechanism of EMD occurrence in voltage deviation is described and a mathematical model explaining the probability of its occurrence is presented. An algorithm for calculating the parameters of the electromagnetic environment based on slow voltage changes in the network is compiled. This algorithm is implemented in the “Program for the study of slow voltage changes by the load changingof the electrical network ". For the object under study, the parameters of the distribution of conductive low-frequency electromagnetic disturbance over a slow voltage change are determined. A block diagram of an automatic voltage regulator implementing the proposed voltage stabilization law has been developed.

scholarly journals Ensuring an effective voltage regime in the electrical network when powering ships of the technical fleet and floating objects from the shore

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (5) ◽  
pp. 052047
Author(s):  
Y Denchik ◽  
E Ivanova ◽  
V Salnikov ◽  
S Gorelov ◽  
D Zubanov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Electromagnetic Disturbance ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Reverse Sequence ◽  
Effective Voltage ◽  
Automated Determination

Abstract The article deals with topical issues of reducing the asymmetry of linear voltages in the electrical networks of water transport enterprises. Asymmetric modes in the electrical network are researched, which defined the need for automated determination of conductive electromagnetic disturbance. A mathematical description of the occurrence process and strategy for determining the conductive low-frequency electromagnetic disturbance by the voltage asymmetry coefficient in the reverse sequence are presented. The parameters of this coefficient are described: mathematical expectation, standard deviation, probability of occurrence during the calculation period. A mathematical model is obtained that represents a conductive electromagnetic disturbance and explains the probability of its occurrence. A method of automated determination of conductive electromagnetic disturbance has been developed. A software product is presented (certificate of registration No. 2016661752), which allows processing the voltage coefficients obtained as a result of measurements in the reverse sequence. The conductive disturbance is determined for the purpose of suppression and ensuring electromagnetic compatibility. To ensure an effective mode by powering ships from the shore and to increase the efficiency of power transmission, a strategy for voltage symmetry in the electrical network is presented.

scholarly journals Line voltage asymmetry in closed electrical networks with distributed generation as a source of electromagnetic interference

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (5) ◽  
pp. 052004
Author(s):  
A Antonov ◽  
D Ivanov ◽  
Y Denchik ◽  
E Ivanova ◽  
M Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Electronic Resource ◽  
Voltage Unbalance ◽  
State Registration

Abstract The article reveals relevance of the problem of unbalance of line voltages in closed electrical networks with distributed generation as a source of electromagnetic interference, in particular, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility of coastal and ship technical equipment. There is presented mathematical description of the process of occurrence of conductive low-frequency EMF by the voltage unbalance coefficient in the reverse sequence and an algorithm for finding it; using the equations, parameters of this coefficient are described, such as mathematical expectation, standard deviation, probability of occurrence for the billing period, as a result, a computer program has been developed to calculate these parameters; a method for processing the obtained data of power quality indicators according to the found coefficient has been developed; an algorithm for balancing voltages in an electrical network based on finding the most optimal power supply scheme for end consumers (certificate of state registration of an electronic resource No. 23664).

Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirement of NC System-Research on Grounding Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 246-247 ◽  
pp. 1022-1025
Author(s):  
Ling Li Zheng ◽  
Tian You Gao
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Electromagnetic Disturbance ◽  
System Research ◽  
Electromagnetic Environment ◽  
Nc System

NC systems are generally used in electromagnetic environment, so NC system should be designed for electromagnetic anti-disturbance in order to ensure system work normally. The main task of the electromagnetic compatibility is conducted around the three elements causing disturbance, which are the electromagnetic disturbance, propagate pathway and sensitive equipment. This article discusses grounding technology and electromagnetic compatibility requirement of NC system.

Acoustics of Sound Production and of Hearing in the Bladder Cicada Cystosoma Saundersii (Westwood)

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.H. FLETCHER ◽  
K. G. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Directional Hearing ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Radiated Sound ◽  
Song Frequency

The male cicada of the species Cystosoma saundersii has a grossly enlarged, hollow abdomen and emits a loud calling song with a fundamental frequency of about 800 Hz. At the song frequency, its hearing is nondirectional. The female of C. saundersii lacks sound producing organs, has no enlargement of the abdomen, but possesses an abdominal air sac and has well developed directional hearing at the frequency of the species' song. Physical mechanisms are proposed that explain these observations in semi-quantitative detail using the standard method of electrical network analogues. The abdomen in the male, with its enclosed air, is found to act as a system resonant at the song frequency, thus contributing a large gain in radiated sound intensity. Coupling between this resonator and the auditory tympana accounts for the observed hearing sensitivity in the male, but destroys directionality. In the female, the abdominal cavity acts in association with the two auditory tympana as part of a phase shift network which results in appreciable directionality of hearing at the unusually low frequency of the male song.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT AND RADIO MONITORING OF SIGNAL PROPAGATION AND RECEPTION CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.В. КИЗИМА ◽  
Е.Г. РУДЕНКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
Electromagnetic Environment ◽  
Radio Monitoring ◽  
Radio Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
Problematic Situations

Рассматривается технология комплексного радиомониторинга излучений в заданной географической точке. Полученные результаты сопоставляются с разрешенными уровнями излучений. Технология направлена на решение задач оценки условий распространения и приема радиосигналов, планирования использования радиочастотного спектра (РЧС), выявления помех и других проблемных ситуаций, связанных с обеспечением электромагнитной совместимости ( ЭМС) действующих и перспективных радиосредств. The article describes the technology of complex radio monitoring of emissions from multiple radio sources. The measurement data are compared with the permitted emission levels. The application of the technology helps to assess the conditions for the propagation and reception of radio signals, planning the use of the radio frequency spectrum, identifying interference and other problematic situations related to electromagnetic compatibility of existing and promising radio facilities.

Determining EMC Test Levels for Implantable Devices in Bipolar Lead Configuration

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Seth J. Seidman ◽  
Howard I. Bassen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ring Electrode ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators ◽  
Induced Voltage ◽  
Bipolar Mode ◽  
Lead Configuration

Abstract Certain low-frequency magnetic fields cause interference in implantable medical devices. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards prescribe injecting voltages into a device under evaluation to simplify testing while approximating or simulating real-world exposure situations to low-frequency magnetic fields. The EMC standard ISO 14117:2012, which covers implantable pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), specifies test levels for the bipolar configuration of sensing leads as being one-tenth of the levels for the unipolar configuration. The committee authoring this standard questioned this testing level difference and its clinical relevance. To evaluate this issue of EMC test levels, we performed both analytical calculations and computational modeling to determine a basis for this difference. Analytical calculations based upon Faraday's law determined the magnetically induced voltage in a 37.6-cm lead. Induced voltages were studied in a bipolar lead configuration with various spacing between a distal tip electrode and a ring electrode. Voltages induced in this bipolar lead configuration were compared with voltages induced in a unipolar lead configuration. Computational modeling of various lead configurations was performed using electromagnetic field simulation software. The two leads that were insulated, except for the distal and proximal tips, were immersed in a saline-conducting media. The leads were parallel and closely spaced to each other along their length. Both analytical calculations and computational modeling support continued use of a one-tenth amplitude reduction for testing pacemakers and ICDs in bipolar mode. The most recent edition of ISO 14117 includes rationale from this study.

Experimental researches of the characteristics of antennas in the presence of electromagnetic screens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Shlyahov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Electromagnetic Environment ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Interference Frequency ◽  
Spaced Antennas ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Antenna Systems

When placing various antenna systems in a confined space, one has to deal with a complex electromagnetic environment and insufficient isolation between the antennas. And, although the methods of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of such groups of radio electronic means are well known, taking into account the peculiarities of the objects under consideration, they have very limited application. The use of innovative technologies developing in recent years, including the use of screens made of metamaterials, makes it possible to significantly expand the "limits of applicability" of these methods. As the studies have shown, the screen made of metamaterial has special characteristics in comparison with traditional screens, namely: at the operating frequency of the antenna, the screen is practically permeable to electromagnetic radiation, and at the interference frequency it becomes low-transparent and works as a reflector. The results can be used to improve isolation between closely spaced antennas, such as at the tops of towers or masts.

scholarly journals Structure of many-level adaptive automatic voltage regulation system

2020 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 01068
Author(s):  
I.O. Golikov ◽  
A.V. Vinogradov ◽  
V.E. Bolshev ◽  
A.V. Vinogradova ◽  
M. Jasinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Structural Diagram ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Voltage Change ◽  
Tap Changer ◽  
Load Tap Changer

This article describes the features of voltage regulation in electrical networks of 35, 110, 220 kV. The structural diagram of the 35/10/0.4 kV network is presented. The paper also describes the adaptive automatic voltage regulation system which allows regulating the voltage taking into account the actual voltage values at the consumers’ inputs. The structural diagram of the adaptive automatic voltage regulation system in the 0.4 kV electrical network using a boost transformer as an additional means of voltage regulation is given. The system is based on voltage sensors installed in different parts of an eletcrical network sending information on voltage values to to the processing unit which generates a signal for voltage regulating supplied to the executive device and the working body whuch, in turn, change the on-load tap-changer position of a transformer. The paper justifies the need for the enhancement of the adaptive automatic voltage regulation system for different voltage classes wich allows controlling a voltage change at different power supply system levels and regulating voltage level in accordance with this change. For this problem the multi-level adaptive automatic voltage regulation systemis proposed. The system allows regulating the voltage not only in the 0.4 kV network but also in networks of higher voltage classes. The proposed system can be integrated into the structure of intelligent electrical networks.

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