Analysis of the frequency characteristics of the control system for the processes of fuel supply to the cylinders of the power unit

The idea of monitoring the identity of the cylinder capacities of an internal combustion engine under conditions of incomplete information is proposed and a computer system is built on its basis. The signal of the instantaneous rotation speed of the crankshaft of the power unit was used as input information. In the development of the hardware architecture, injectors with piezoelectric actuators, the principle of direct digital control, and the principle of control with feedback on the state of fluctuations of the crankshaft rotation speed were used. The Laplace transform was used as a mathematical apparatus for analyzing the structural diagram of a computer system for programmed control of the processes of supplying fuel and air to the cylinders of the power unit. Mathematical models of the components of the hardware for controlling the processes of supplying the fuel-air mixture were constructed, and as a result of the analysis of the structural diagram of the computer system, the transfer function was obtained. Using the capabilities of the Matlab software environment, the transient and impulse transient characteristics of the system are obtained, the Nyquist hodograph is constructed, and the logarithmic amplitude-frequency characteristics of the hardware are established. It was found that the frequency characteristics of the mathematical model of a computer system have the necessary dynamic characteristics. Using the method of expansion into simple fractions, an expression is obtained for a discrete transfer function, the coefficients of the power polynomials of which are established using the method of determinants and computational capabilities of the Mathcad software environment. On the basis of a discrete transfer function, a scheme for computer modeling of the process of processing the signal of the instantaneous speed of rotation of the crankshaft by hardware is constructed. The output signal was obtained by computer simulation, as a result of the analysis of which the speed of the hardware for processing the input information was established.

MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF THE HEATING SYSTEM RADIATOR OF AS A CONTROL OBJECT

The problem of mathematical modeling of a heating system radiator as a control object is considered. The purpose of its development is to create a generalized mathematical model of thermal processes in a room heated by means of water radiators. A calculation scheme of heat transfer processes between the heat carrier of the radiator and the air of the room has been developed, on the basis of which the heat balance equations are writt en. This takes into account both steady and unsteady heat transfer processes between the coolant, radiator and room air. A block diagram of the mathematical model of a heating radiator has been developed. After the introduction of assumptions and transformation of the structural diagram of the nonlinear model, the structural diagram of the linear mathematical model of the heating radiator was obtained. On its basis, the transfer function of the heating radiator is derived, the output coordinate of which is the thermal power. The resulting transfer function can be used in a generalized mathematical model of a heated room. The analysis of the transfer function of the heating radiator is carried out and it is shown that its dynamics is determined not only by geometric parameters, but also by the fl ow rate of the heat carrier.

Development of a structural diagram of a cognitive transport system

Развитие технологий проектирования интеллектуальных систем, использующих алгоритмы схожие с мыслительной обработкой мозга, стимулируют поиски новых подходов для создания искусственного интеллекта человеческого уровня. Для выполнения столь сложных задач используются когнитивные архитектуры, представляя собой следующий уровень развития разнородных процессов интеллектуализации. В данной статье под практической призмой интеллектуализации транспортных систем исследуется процесс развития современных когнитивных архитектур. Предметом исследования является разработка структурной схемы когнитивной транспортной системы. Для выполнения этой задачи исследуются новые парадигмы когнитивного управления, расширяющие подходы к вычислительному интеллекту. Уточняется понятие когнитивной архитектуры. Исследуются современные работы в области каталогизации когнитивных архитектур. Выявляются критерии оценки когнитивных архитектур. Подробно рассматриваются и анализируются когнитивные архитектуры 4D / RCS, ALLIANCE, LIDA, использующиеся в современных системах управления беспилотным транспортом и роботами. Выявляются положительные обобщенные факторы, направленные на эффективность когнитивной архитектуры. Разрабатывается структурная схема когнитивной транспортной системы, основные подсистемы которой включают когнитивное управление транспортом, когнитивные транспортные коммуникации, когнитивные транспортные средства. Описывается структура слоев. Отмечаются преимущества, в том числе бионинспирированность, модульность, объектно-ориентированность, параллелизм, возможность использования интеллектуальных методов обучения. The development of technologies for the design of intelligent systems using algorithms similar to mental processing of the brain stimulates the search for new approaches to create artificial intelligence at the human level. To perform such complex tasks, cognitive architectures are used, representing the next level of development of heterogeneous intellectualization processes. In this article, under the practical prism of intellectualization of transport systems, the process of development of modern cognitive architectures is investigated. The subject of the research is the development of a structural diagram of the cognitive transport system. To accomplish this task, new paradigms of cognitive control are being investigated, expanding approaches to computational intelligence. The concept of cognitive architecture is clarified. Examines current work in the field of cataloging cognitive architectures. Criteria for assessing cognitive architectures are identified. Cognitive architectures 4D / RCS, ALLIANCE, LIDA, used in modern control systems for unmanned vehicles and robots, are considered and analyzed in detail. We identify positive generalized factors aimed at the effectiveness of cognitive architecture. A structural diagram of the cognitive transport system is being developed, the main subsystems of which include cognitive transport control, cognitive transport communications, and cognitive vehicles. The structure of the layers is described. The advantages are noted, including bioninspiration, modularity, object-orientation, parallelism, the possibility of using intelligent teaching methods.

Features of the negative impact of modern infrastructure facilities in urbanized areas on the environment

In the paper, the authors analyze the impact of modern infrastructure facilities in urbanized areas on the quality of the environment. The first stage of the study was to consider the changes in the urban environment of recent decades, which consists in the transformation of many former industrial zones into large objects of a cultural and entertainment nature, namely shopping and entertainment centers (SEC) or complexes (SECo). The authors also pay special attention to the description of the structural diagram of typical SEC or SECo, the main sources of negative environmental impact from them, as well as directly to the types of these impacts. The analysis carried out confirmed that it would be wrong to say that the quality of the environment in urbanized areas has improved due to the replacement of industrial facilities within cities with SEC or SECo. The authors consider the further task of scientific research to be the process of constructing physical models of pollution processes and reducing air pollution for individual sources for the purpose of subsequent analysis and highlighting promising directions (methods and options) for implementing a system for combating pollution.

STUDY OF DE-ICING LIQUID WITH AN OPTOELECTRONIC REFRACTOMETER

This work highlights the development of optoelectronic refractometer to study anti-icing liquids. Determining the composition authenticity and the flow rate of these liquids has always been a relevant task for the airport maintenance units, engaged in the processing of the aircraft body. The paper presents the objects of research: aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, which make up 95% of the composition of liquids of TYPE I, TYPE II, TYPE IV. The structural diagram and appearance of an optoelectronic refractometer are given. The results of measurements of the temperature dependences of the refractive index n(t) for solutions of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol in the temperature range from 12 °C to 100 °C and for concentrations from 0% to 100% are obtained. The spectra of ultraviolet optical transmission in ethylene glycol and propylene glycol of high purity in the wavelength range λ 210–320 nm with an error not worse than T = 0.5% are studied. The technical characteristics of an optoelectronic refractometer are given.

Automation of the development of electrodynamic objects based on the dual approach

This paper considers an approach that demonstrates the features of creating complex electrodynamic systems. In practice, the creation of such objects is associated with a decrease in the levels of electromagnetic radiation, control of the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves. The main properties of the generated automated system for assessing the quality of the electrodynamic characteristics of objects are considered. Suggestions are given on its structural diagram, the contours of the operation control and control of the restructuring of electrodynamic objects are shown. The created system for assessing the quality of electrodynamic characteristics can be useful in the design of a wide class of technical systems.

A Computer Model of the Spread of the Pandemic and its Analysis

The paper describes and analyzes a mathematical model of the variable state of the incidence of epidemic diseases, which is of great importance for determining the quantity of vaccines and antiviral drugs to be produced. The information model according to the system of differential equations of the spread of the pandemic is illustrated in a structural diagram. The model is presented in a vector-matrix form and the state of equilibrium of the model in the spatial state is proved.The model of the spread of the pandemic was developed, whose implementation with a Matlab software package resulted in obtaining the curves of variation of the state. The developed computer model of the incidence of epidemic diseases can be used to make a projection of the number of infected people, as well as intensity of the process of disseminating information and ideas in the community.

Radar imaging complex with SAR and ASR for aerospace vechicle

The subject of this study in the article is the algorithms for radio monitoring of the Earth in various views from aerospace transport. The goal is to design a structural diagram of a radio complex that can operate simultaneously in two modes: modified antenna aperture synthesis (SAR) and aperture synthesis (RAS), in accordance with algorithms synthesized using the maximum likelihood method. The modified SAR mode allows obtaining high-resolution radio images in the observation angle range ±(20°...50°) from the direction to the nadir. A method for combining a modified PCA algorithm is used, which differs from the classical imaging algorithm by the possibility of obtaining a higher spatial resolution, the payment for this is the complication of the signal processing algorithm associated with the implementation of decorrelating filters that expand the spectrum of received signals in each receiving path, and the RAS mode, which allows imaging using passive or active radar principles. The passive RAS mode provides for the imaging in the observation angle range of ±20° from the nadir based on the results of processing signals of its own broadband radio-thermal radiation, and active mode – in the same observation angle range, but using the broadband noise signal of the backlight. An important result in the formation of a radio image in the specified viewing area when using the active mode of the RAS is that the images are close in physical content, namely, proportional to the specific effective reflection surface of the underlying surface. Additionally, a distinctive feature of the synthesized algorithms is the use of wideband probing signals and, accordingly, the same input paths of receivers, which makes it possible to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the output effect. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: a structural diagram of the radio complex was developed on the basis of algorithms synthesized using the maximum likelihood method. For the formation of a radio image in the radio complex, a combination of SAR and RAS (with two modes of operation) is implemented. This implementation is important, since it allows obtaining high-resolution images in the observation angle range of ±50° from the direction to the nadir. It is advisable to place the complex on airplanes, helicopters and spacecraft (preferably those that move in low orbits)

Improving the Structure of a Signal Used for Real-Time Calibrating of the Receiving Channels of Digital Transceiver Modules in Digital Phased Antenna Arrays

Introduction. Modern digital phased array antenna (DPAA) systems incorporate a large number of identical transceiver modules (TMs). These modules require real-time calibration with a high level of accuracy. In a previous work, we proposed a real-time calibration method for all receiver channels, which is based on the use of a calibration signal (CalSig) of the same frequency spectrum as the reflected signal and modulated in phase and amplitude by BPSK and OOK codes, respectively. This method was found to have a number of advantages over conventional approaches. However, the use of the same CalSig sample for all receiving channels increases the noise power gain at the output of a digital beam-forming unit (DBU). To overcome this limitation, we set out to improve the structure of CalSigs by making them pseudo-orthogonal. As a result, the noise power gain at the DBU output can be significantly reduced compared to that obtained in our previous work.Aim. To propose an improved design of a controlled amplitude modulation code OOK generator, which allows creation of pseudo-orthogonal CalSigs. As a result, the noise power gain at the output will increase insignificantly, thus having no negative effect on the quality of digital beam forming, signal processing and calibration.Materials and methods. Theory of system engineering and technology; theory of digital signal processing; system analysis; mathematical modeling.Results. An improved CalSig for calibrating the receiving channels of TMs was obtained. A structural diagram allowing the formation of pseudo-orthogonal CalSigs was synthesized.Conclusions. We proposed a new approach to improving the structure of signals used for real-time calibrating the DPAA receiving channels. A structural diagram of an amplitude-modulated OOK code generator for pseudo-orthogonal CalSigs was developed.

A model for increasing the competitiveness of the national economy based on a neocluster approach

Subject of research: model of increasing the competitiveness of the national economy. The purpose of the study: develop a model for increasing the competitiveness of the national economy based on a neocluster approach. Research objectives: to develop the concept of a neocluster; to build a logical scheme for the formation of the competitiveness of the national economy on the basis of a neocluster approach. Methodology and research methods. General scientific and special methods of cognition: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, a systematic approach were used to conduct the research. A neocluster concept has been developed, which includes the concept of a neocluster, distinctive features, and a structural diagram of a neocluster. A model for increasing the competitiveness of the economy of a country / region has been built on the basis of a neocluster approach and a mechanism for increasing the country's competitiveness has been substantiated. The causal relationships between the sources of competitiveness are identified: (elements of Industry 4.0), directions and factors of increasing competitiveness. The developed theoretical foundations of the neocluster and the logical model for increasing the competitiveness of the national economy based on the neocluster approach can serve as a theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of a neocluster policy.