scholarly journals Beam test results of silicon sensor module prototypes for the Phase-2 Upgrade of the CMS Outer Tracker

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. C12033
Author(s):  
R. Koppenhöfer ◽  
T. Barvich ◽  
J. Braach ◽  
A. Dierlamm ◽  
U. Husemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Particle Detection ◽  
Interaction Point ◽  
Test Beam ◽  
Cms Experiment ◽  
Pixel Detectors ◽  
Silicon Sensors ◽  
Strip Detectors ◽  
Tracking Detector ◽  
Sensor Module

Abstract The start of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) in 2027 requires upgrades to the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. In the scope of the upgrade program the complete silicon tracking detector will be replaced. The new CMS Tracker will be equipped with silicon pixel detectors in the inner layers closest to the interaction point and silicon strip detectors in the outer layers. The new CMS Outer Tracker will consist of two different kinds of detector modules called PS and 2S modules. Each module will be made of two parallel silicon sensors (a macro-pixel sensor and a strip sensor for the PS modules and two strip sensors for the 2S modules). Combining the hit information of both sensor layers, it is possible to estimate the transverse momentum of particles in the magnetic field of 3.8 T at the full bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz directly on the module. This information will be used as an input for the first trigger stage of CMS. It is necessary to validate the Outer Tracker module functionality before installing the modules in the CMS experiment. Besides laboratory-based tests several 2S module prototypes have been studied at test beam facilities at CERN, DESY and FNAL. This article concentrates on the beam tests at DESY during which the functionality of the module concept was investigated using the full final readout chain for the first time. Additionally the performance of a 2S module assembled with irradiated sensors was studied. By choosing an irradiation fluence expected for 2S modules at the end of HL-LHC operation, it was possible to investigate the particle detection efficiency and study the trigger capabilities of the module at the beginning and end of the runtime of the CMS experiment.

An imaging CdZnTe detector with coplanar orthogonal anode strips

1997 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Hamel ◽  
O. Tousignant ◽  
M. Couillard ◽  
J. F. Courville ◽  
V. T. Jordanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Charge Sensing ◽  
Single Carrier ◽  
Pixel Detectors ◽  
Strip Detectors ◽  
Imaging Detector ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Orthogonal Dimension ◽  
Electronic Channels

AbstractA novel electrode configuration for CZT imaging devices is presented. It is made of focusing, non-collecting anode strips, in one dimension, and collecting anode pixels, interconnected in rows, in the orthogonal dimension. The simulation of such an imaging detector is presented. First, field lines in the detector are computed that show that electrons generated in γ-ray events are collected on the pixels. Charge signals, induced on the pixel and on the strip by drifting electrons, are calculated for several points of interaction inside the detector unit cell. These show that this new detector should retain the spectroscopic and detection efficiency advantages of single carrier (electrons) charge sensing devices such as pixel detectors or spectrometers with controlling electrodes. Furthermore, it retains the main advantage of conventional strip detectors, i.e. an N x N array of imaging pixels realized with only 2N electronic channels. An additional potential advantage is the measurement of the third coordinate, i.e. the depth of interaction in the detector.

scholarly journals Characterization of Highly Irradiated ALPIDE Silicon Sensors

Universe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Valentina Raskina ◽  
Filip Křížek
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Physics Institute ◽  
Total Ionization ◽  
Silicon Sensors ◽  
Active Pixel ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) experiment at CERN will upgrade its Inner Tracking System (ITS) detector. The new ITS will consist of seven coaxial cylindrical layers of ALPIDE silicon sensors which are based on Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) technology. We have studied the radiation hardness of ALPIDE sensors using a 30 MeV proton beam provided by the cyclotron U-120M of the Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Řež. In this paper, these long-term measurements will be described. After being irradiated up to the total ionization dose 2.7 Mrad and non-ionizing energy loss 2.7 × 10 13 1 MeV n eq · cm - 2 , ALPIDE sensors fulfill ITS upgrade project technical design requirements in terms of detection efficiency and fake-hit rate.

scholarly journals On the Performance of an Aerosol Electrometer with Enhanced Detection Limit

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Yang ◽  
Tongzhu Yu ◽  
Jiaoshi Zhang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Wenyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Measurement Noise ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Particle Detection ◽  
Faraday Cup ◽  
Feedback Resistor

An aerosol electrometer with enhanced detection limit was developed for measuring the collected particles electrical current ranging from −50 pA to 50 pA with no range switching necessary. The detection limit was enhanced by suppressing the electric current measurement noise and improving the detection efficiency. A theoretical model for the aerosol electrometer has been established to investigate the noise effect factors and verified experimentally. The model showed that the noise was a function of ambient temperature, and it was affected by the characteristics of feedback resistor and operational amplifier simultaneously. The Faraday cup structure of the aerosol electrometer was optimized by adopting a newly designed cup-shaped metal filter which increased the surface area of the cup; thus the particle interception efficiency was improved. The aerosol electrometer performance-linearity, noise and the particle detection efficiency, were evaluated experimentally. When compared with TSI-3068B, a 99.4% ( R 2 ) statistical correlation was achieved. The results also showed that the root mean square noise and the peak-to-peak noise were 0.31 fA and 1.55 fA, respectively. The particle detection efficiency was greater than 99.3% when measuring particle diameter larger than 7.0 nm.

scholarly journals Determination of Alpha Particle Detection Efficiency of an Imaging Plate (IP) Detector

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-278
Author(s):  
Naureen Mahbub RAHMAN ◽  
Takao IIDA ◽  
Hiromi YAMAZAWA ◽  
Jun MORIIZUMI
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Particle Detection

Ultra Low Noise Epitaxial 4H-SiC X-Ray Detectors

2009 ◽  
Vol 615-617 ◽  
pp. 845-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bertuccio ◽  
S. Caccia ◽  
Filippo Nava ◽  
Gaetano Foti ◽  
Donatella Puglisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Reverse Current ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Active Volume ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pixel Detectors ◽  
Schottky Junctions ◽  
Sic Wafer

The design and the experimental results of some prototypes of SiC X-ray detectors are presented. The devices have been manufactured on a 2’’ 4H-SiC wafer with 115 m thick undoped high purity epitaxial layer, which constitutes the detection’s active volume. Pad and pixel detectors based on Ni-Schottky junctions have been tested. The residual doping of the epi-layer was found to be extremely low, 3.7 x 1013 cm-3, allowing to achieve the highest detection efficiency and the lower specific capacitance of the detectors. At +22°C and in operating bias condition, the reverse current densities of the detector’s Schottky junctions have been measured to be between J=0.3 pA/cm2 and J=4 pA/cm2; these values are more than two orders of magnitude lower than those of state of the art silicon detectors. With such low leakage currents, the equivalent electronic noise of SiC pixel detectors is as low as 0.5 electrons r.m.s at room temperature, which represents a new state of the art in the scenario of semiconductor radiation detectors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document