scholarly journals Classification of four qubit states and their stabilisers under SLOCC operations

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Dietrich ◽  
Willem A De Graaf ◽  
Alessio Marrani ◽  
Marcos Origlia
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Symmetric Space ◽  
Semidirect Product ◽  
Maximal Rank ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Qubit States

Abstract We classify four qubit states under SLOCC operations, that is, we classify the orbits of the group SL(2,C)^4 on the Hilbert space H_4 = (C^2)^{\otimes 4}. We approach the classification by realising this representation as a symmetric space of maximal rank. We first describe general methods for classifying the orbits of such a space. We then apply these methods to obtain the orbits in our special case, resulting in a complete and irredundant classification of SL(2,C)^4-orbits on H_4. It follows that an element of H_4 is conjugate to an element of precisely 87 classes of elements. Each of these classes either consists of one element or of a parametrised family of elements, and the elements in the same class all have equal stabiliser in SL(2,C)^4. We also present a complete and irredundant classification of elements and stabilisers up to the action of the semidirect product Sym_4\ltimes\SL(2,C)^4 where Sym_4 permutes the four tensor factors of H_4.

scholarly journals THE SMOOTHNESS OF ORBITAL MEASURES ON NONCOMPACT SYMMETRIC SPACES

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
SANJIV KUMAR GUPTA ◽  
KATHRYN E. HARE
Keyword(s):  
Symmetric Space ◽  
Symmetric Spaces ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Convolution Product ◽  
Absolutely Continuous ◽  
Regular Elements ◽  
Connected Subgroup ◽  
Decay Properties ◽  
Absolutely Continuous Measure ◽  
Special Case

Abstract Let $G/K$ be an irreducible symmetric space, where G is a noncompact, connected Lie group and K is a compact, connected subgroup. We use decay properties of the spherical functions to show that the convolution product of any $r=r(G/K)$ continuous orbital measures has its density function in $L^{2}(G)$ and hence is an absolutely continuous measure with respect to the Haar measure. The number r is approximately the rank of $G/K$ . For the special case of the orbital measures, $\nu _{a_{i}}$ , supported on the double cosets $Ka_{i}K$ , where $a_{i}$ belongs to the dense set of regular elements, we prove the sharp result that $\nu _{a_{1}}\ast \nu _{a_{2}}\in L^{2},$ except for the symmetric space of Cartan class $AI$ when the convolution of three orbital measures is needed (even though $\nu _{a_{1}}\ast \nu _{a_{2}}$ is absolutely continuous).

scholarly journals Constructing Carrollian CFTs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishant Gupta ◽  
Nemani V. Suryanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Higher Dimensions ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Conformal Field Theories ◽  
Relativistic Limit ◽  
Conformal Field ◽  
Local Symmetries ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Special Case

Abstract We construct classical theories for scalar fields in arbitrary Carroll spacetimes that are invariant under Carrollian diffeomorphisms and Weyl transformations. When the local symmetries are gauge fixed these theories become Carrollian conformal field theories. We show that generically there are at least two types of such theories: one in which only time derivatives of the fields appear and the other in which both space and time derivatives appear. A classification of such scalar field theories in three (and higher) dimensions up to two derivative order is provided. We show that only a special case of our theories arises in the ultra-relativistic limit of a covariant parent theory.

Functional Quantum Theory of Free Relativistic Fermi Fields

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-586
Author(s):  
H. Stumpf
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Physical Interpretation ◽  
Functional Equations ◽  
Dirac Field ◽  
Functional Hilbert Space ◽  
Free Fermi ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Relativistic Fermi

Functional quantum theory of free Fermi fields is treated for the special case of a free Dirac field. All other cases run on the same pattern. Starting with the Schwinger functionals of the free Dirac field, functional equations and corresponding many particle functionals can be derived. To establish a functional quantum theory, a physical interpretation of the functionals is required. It is provided by a mapping of the physical Hilbert space into an appropriate functional Hilbert space, which is introduced here. Mathematical details, especially the problems connected with anticommuting functional sources are treated in the appendices.

scholarly journals Betti numbers and pseudoeffective cones in 2-Fano varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Emanuele Muratore
Keyword(s):  
Large Class ◽  
Betti Numbers ◽  
Fano Varieties ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Answering Questions

Abstract The 2-Fano varieties, defined by De Jong and Starr, satisfy some higher-dimensional analogous properties of Fano varieties. We consider (weak) k-Fano varieties and conjecture the polyhedrality of the cone of pseudoeffective k-cycles for those varieties, in analogy with the case k = 1. Then we calculate some Betti numbers of a large class of k-Fano varieties to prove some special case of the conjecture. In particular, the conjecture is true for all 2-Fano varieties of index at least n − 2, and we complete the classification of weak 2-Fano varieties answering Questions 39 and 41 in [2].

scholarly journals Integrability of Riemann-Type Hydrodynamical Systems and Dubrovin’s Integrability Classification of Perturbed KdV-Type Equations

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Yarema A. Prykarpatskyy
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Hamiltonian Structure ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Type Representation ◽  
Infinite Hierarchy ◽  
Polynomial Coefficients ◽  
Kdv Type Equations ◽  
Special Case

Dubrovin’s work on the classification of perturbed KdV-type equations is reanalyzed in detail via the gradient-holonomic integrability scheme, which was devised and developed jointly with Maxim Pavlov and collaborators some time ago. As a consequence of the reanalysis, one can show that Dubrovin’s criterion inherits important parts of the gradient-holonomic scheme properties, especially the necessary condition of suitably ordered reduction expansions with certain types of polynomial coefficients. In addition, we also analyze a special case of a new infinite hierarchy of Riemann-type hydrodynamical systems using a gradient-holonomic approach that was suggested jointly with M. Pavlov and collaborators. An infinite hierarchy of conservation laws, bi-Hamiltonian structure and the corresponding Lax-type representation are constructed for these systems.

scholarly journals The Lattice of Definable Equivalence Relations in Homogeneous $n$-Dimensional Permutation Structures

10.37236/5980 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Braunfeld
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Lattice ◽  
Equivalence Relations ◽  
Electronic Journal ◽  
Finite Distributive Lattice ◽  
Linear Orders ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Homogeneous Structures ◽  
Special Case

In Homogeneous permutations, Peter Cameron [Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 2002] classified the homogeneous permutations (homogeneous structures with 2 linear orders), and posed the problem of classifying the homogeneous $n$-dimensional permutation structures (homogeneous structures with $n$ linear orders) for all finite $n$. We prove here that the lattice of $\emptyset$-definable equivalence relations in such a structure can be any finite distributive lattice, providing many new imprimitive examples of homogeneous finite dimensional permutation structures. We conjecture that the distributivity of the lattice of $\emptyset$-definable equivalence relations is necessary, and prove this under the assumption that the reduct of the structure to the language of $\emptyset$-definable equivalence relations is homogeneous. Finally, we conjecture a classification of the primitive examples, and confirm this in the special case where all minimal forbidden structures have order 2. 

The classification of spherically symmetric space-times

1995 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Qadir ◽  
M. Ziad
Keyword(s):  
Symmetric Space ◽  
Spherically Symmetric

scholarly journals Hilbert space valued Gabor frames in weighted amalgam spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-394
Author(s):  
Anirudha Poria ◽  
Jitendriya Swain
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Separable Hilbert Space ◽  
Gabor Frame ◽  
Window Function ◽  
Gabor Frames ◽  
Frame Operator ◽  
Wiener Amalgam Space ◽  
Amalgam Spaces ◽  
Special Case

AbstractLet {\mathbb{H}} be a separable Hilbert space. In this paper, we establish a generalization of Walnut’s representation and Janssen’s representation of the {\mathbb{H}}-valued Gabor frame operator on {\mathbb{H}}-valued weighted amalgam spaces {W_{\mathbb{H}}(L^{p},L^{q}_{v})}, {1\leq p,q\leq\infty}. Also, we show that the frame operator is invertible on {W_{\mathbb{H}}(L^{p},L^{q}_{v})}, {1\leq p,q\leq\infty}, if the window function is in the Wiener amalgam space {W_{\mathbb{H}}(L^{\infty},L^{1}_{w})}. Further, we obtain the Walnut representation and invertibility of the frame operator corresponding to Gabor superframes and multi-window Gabor frames on {W_{\mathbb{H}}(L^{p},L^{q}_{v})}, {1\leq p,q\leq\infty}, as a special case by choosing the appropriate Hilbert space {\mathbb{H}}.

Distributed Systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-198
Author(s):  
Andreas Bolfing
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Systems ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Deterministic Algorithm ◽  
Impossibility Result ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Byzantine Failures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Special Case

Chapter 5 considers distributed systems by their properties. The first section studies the classification of software systems, which is usually distinguished in centralized, decentralized and distributed systems. It studies the differences between these three major approaches, showing there is a rather multidimensional classification instead of a linear one. The most important case are distributed systems that enable spreading of computational tasks across several autonomous, independently acting computational entities. A very important result of this case is the CAP theorem that considers the trade-off between consistency, availability and partition tolerance. The last section deals with the possibility to reach consensus in distributed systems, discussing how fault tolerant consensus mechanisms enable mutual agreement among the individual entities in presence of failures. One very special case are so-called Byzantine failures that are discussed in great detail. The main result is the so-called FLP Impossibility Result which states that there is no deterministic algorithm that guarantees solution to the consensus problem in the asynchronous case. The chapter concludes by considering practical solutions that circumvent the impossibility result in order to reach consensus.

On Operator Algebras and Invariant Subspaces

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 1178-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandler Davis ◽  
Heydar Radjavi ◽  
Peter Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Elementary Proof ◽  
Operator Algebras ◽  
Equivalent Form ◽  
Invariant Subspaces ◽  
Complex Hilbert Space ◽  
Closed Algebra ◽  
Weakly Closed ◽  
Special Case

If is a collection of operators on the complex Hilbert space , then the lattice of all subspaces of which are invariant under every operator in is denoted by Lat . An algebra of operators on is defined (3; 4) to be reflexive if for every operator B on the inclusion Lat ⊆ Lat B implies .Arveson (1) has proved the following theorem. (The abbreviation “m.a.s.a.” stands for “maximal abelian self-adjoint algebra”.)ARVESON's THEOREM. Ifis a weakly closed algebra which contains an m.a.s.a.y and if Lat, then is the algebra of all operators on .A generalization of Arveson's Theorem was given in (3). Another generalization is Theorem 2 below, an equivalent form of which is Corollary 3. This theorem was motivated by the following very elementary proof of a special case of Arveson's Theorem.

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