Variations of Garlic Common Latent Virus and Shallot Latent Virus Concentration on Shallot and Garlic

The Czech collection of shallot (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) genetic resources (122 accessions) was surveyed for the presence of four different viruses, i.e. Onion yellow dwarf virus, Leek yellow stripe virus, Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), and Shallot latent virus, by DAS-ELISA. The shallot seems to be resistant against GCLV because none of the tested plants was infested by this virus. Other three viruses were found with an incidence ranging from 53% to 93% for genotypes and 48% to 87% for plants. Most of the tested shallot genotypes were simultaneously infected with two or three viruses. These results were compared with neighbouring collection of garlic where all four viruses were found widespread with an incidence ranging from 65% to 83% for genotypes and 39% to 61% for plants.

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First Report of Onion yellow dwarf virus, Garlic common latent virus and Shallot latent virus on Garlic in Poland

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-13-1160-pdn ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 858-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Chodorska ◽

E. Paduch-Cichal ◽

E. Kalinowska ◽

M. S. Szyndel

Keyword(s):

Coat Protein ◽

Coat Protein Gene ◽

Protein Gene ◽

Latent Virus ◽

Yellow Dwarf ◽

Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽

Total Rna ◽

Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽

Shallot Latent Virus ◽

Yellow Dwarf Virus

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is vegetatively propagated and can be affected by a virus complex (1) consisting of two potyviruses, Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), and two carlaviruses, Garlic common latent virus (GCLV) and Shallot latent virus (SLV) (2). OYDV, GCLV, and SLV are economically important viral pathogens of bulb garlic crops in many garlic-growing areas of the world. A general mosaic and yellowing of leaves of four garlic cultivars (Blanko, Harnaś, Jarus, and Mega) was observed in 11 garlic-production fields in the Lodz, Mazowieckie, Małopolska, and Pomorskie regions of Poland in July 2012. ELISA was carried out with extracts from 29 collected garlic leaf samples to detect OYDV, GCLV, and SLV using commercial antiserum (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Results indicated that 6 samples (20.7%) were infected with OYDV, 25 samples (86.2%) were infected with GCLV, and 23 samples (79.3%) were infected with SLV. The presence of these viruses in garlic leaf samples was confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using total RNA extracted using the Spectrum Plant Total RNA kit (Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany) and primers, designed in this study, specific to the whole coat protein gene of OYDV (OYDVF 5′-TAGGGTTGGATTATGATTTCTCGA-3′ and OYDVR 5′-TAGTGGTACACCACATTTCGT-3′), GCLV (GCLVF 5′-TTATAGGGACGGCACAAAATCAATCA-3′ and GCLVR 5′-AATAGCACTCCTAGAACAACCATT-3′) and SLV (SLVF 5′-AATYATTTACAATCGTCCAGCTA-3′ and SLVR 5′-ATAATATCAATCAAATMCACACAATT-3′). Amplicons of the expected size were obtained for each virus. The amplified products were purified and sequenced in both directions. Sequence information of the CP genes of 9 OYDV, 12 GCLV, and 7 SLV isolates has been submitted to NCBI-GenBank with accession numbers KF862683 to KF862710. Sequence analysis showed that the coat protein gene of OYDV shared 86% identity with the coat protein gene of OYDV isolate MS/SW1 from Australia (GenBank Accession No. HQ258894). Comparison of the coat protein gene sequences of Polish GCLV isolates with those available in GenBank showed 85 to 91% sequence identities. Multiple sequence alignment revealed 84% nucleotide identity between the Polish isolate of SLV and an SLV isolate from Chinese garlic (AF314147) formerly referred to as Garlic latent virus (3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of OYDV, GCLV, and SLV in garlic plants in Poland. The accurate identification of viruses present in garlic plants will help to use the appropriate strategies to reduce viral incidence in garlic-growing areas. References: (1) J. Chen et al. Arch Virol 146:1841, 2001. (2) A. M. G. King et al. Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2011. (3) T. Tsuneyoshi et al. Arch. Virol. 143:1093, 1998.

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Deteksi Virus pada Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) dengan Metode Dot Immuno Binding Assay

Jurnal Hortikultura ◽

10.21082/jhort.v25n4.2015.p350-356 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 350 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Astri W Wulandari ◽

S H Hidayat ◽

Sobir Sobir

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Binding Assay ◽

Latent Virus ◽

Yellow Dwarf ◽

Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽

Shallot Latent Virus

Bawang merah umumnya diperbanyak secara vegetatif menggunakan umbi. Bibit unggul bawang merah ditentukan antara lain oleh status kesehatan benihnya termasuk bebas dari infeksi virus. Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus yang bersifat tular umbi merupakan salah satu kendala dalam meningkatkan produksi bawang merah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis virus terbawa umbi pada beberapa varietas bawang merah yang berasal dari Jawa Tengah (Brebes) dan Jawa Barat (Cirebon, Kuningan, Majalengka, Bandung), yaitu Bima Curut, Bima Brebes, Sumenep, Jawa, Batu Merah, Batu Putih, Nganjuk, Timur Carwan, Ilokos, dan Jalaksana. Deteksi virus dilakukan dengan metode dot immuno binding assay (DIBA) menggunakan antibodi spesifik. Deteksi virus pada umbi bawang dilakukan dengan dua teknik, yaitu deteksi langsung dari umbi dan deteksi daun muda yang diambil dari umbi yang ditumbuhkan selama 30 hari. Hasil deteksi menunjukkan adanya infeksi onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), shallot latent virus (SLV), dan garlic common latent virus (GCLV) dengan infeksi tertinggi OYDV dan SLV. Infeksi virus lebih banyak terdeteksi dari sampel daun muda dibandingkan dengan dari sampel umbi. Infeksi virus tertinggi ditemukan pada sampel umbi varietas Nganjuk, Batu Putih, Jawa, dan Sumenep asal Majalengka, Kuningan, dan Bandung.

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Incidence of viruses in cloves and bulbils of garlic ecotypes in Croatia

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2020.5.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 91-99

Author(s):

Sara Godena ◽

Dean Ban ◽

Gvozden Dumičić ◽

Smiljana G. Ban

Keyword(s):

Elisa Test ◽

Latent Virus ◽

Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽

Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽

Total Incidence ◽

Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽

Shallot Latent Virus ◽

Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽

Yellow Stripe ◽

Das Elisa

In a survey on the sanitary status of garlic collection performed in 2016 at the Institute of Agriculture and Tourism in Poreč (Croatia), 24 ecotypes and cultivars were tested by DAS-ELISA test for the presence of four main garlic viruses: Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), Shallot latent virus (SLV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) and Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV). The least frequent virus was SLV, whereas the most frequent was LYSV. In most ecotypes the infection of cloves was lower than infection of bulbils, while for SLV we found higher infection in cloves. Total virus infection of Istrian ecotypes was lower than infection of Dalmatian ones. Total incidence of viruses in Croatian garlic material ranged from 40.6% to 100.0%, depending on ecotype. In imported cultivar ‘Rose de Lautrec’ we found no infection with SLV. A high percentage of mixed infections in garlic cloves was also found and for double infections it ranged from 69% to 88%. Infection with all tested viruses was observed in 78% cloves. The most infected combination was double infections with potyviruses LYSV+OYDV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SLV infection in garlic in Croatia.

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First Report of Garlic common latent virus Infecting Garlic in Sudan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-12-1018-pdn ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 562-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Hamed ◽

W. Menzel ◽

M. E. Mohamed ◽

K. A. Bakheet ◽

S. Winter

Keyword(s):

Sequence Similarity ◽

Total Yield ◽

Latent Virus ◽

Nucleic Acid Binding ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Terminal Part ◽

Leaf Sample ◽

First Report ◽

Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽

The Impact

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most important vegetable field crops in Sudan, cultivated on an area of more than 6,000 ha with a total yield of 27,000 t in 2010 (faostat.fao.org). As part of a project which started in 2010 to improve the garlic production in Sudan, samples from local varieties showing severe mosaic and/or mottling were collected in winter 2011 from the main production areas in River Nile State, Northern State, and Darfur State. The plant material used for garlic production came from Sudan and was not imported. Because no reliable data were available on which viruses occur in garlic in Sudan, specific tests were initially omitted. In order to get an overview of the viruses present, dsRNA was prepared of a mixed leaf sample (12 leaves of different samples). This resulted in a high molecular weight dsRNA of approximately 9 kbp that served as template for a random RT-PCR followed by cloning and sequencing (3). Three identical clones originating from one PCR product covering the C-terminal part of the coat protein to the N-terminal part of the nucleic acid binding protein showed the highest sequence similarity to Garlic common latent virus (GarCLV). The nucleotide sequence identities of the 554-bp insert range from 85% to an isolate from India (Accession No. FJ154841) up to 97% to a GarCLV isolate from The Netherlands (AB004804), identifying the virus as a Sudanese isolate of GarCLV, one of the most common garlic infecting viruses. GarCLV belongs to the genus Carlavirus (1) and has previously been reported from Asia, Europe, and South America ( http://sdb.im.ac.cn/vide/descr352.htm ). In order to confirm these results, a double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA was performed with six individual garlic samples in which five samples showed a clear reaction with a GarCLV specific antiserum (AS-0230, DSMZ, Germany). The occurrence of GarCLV could be further confirmed for the ELISA positive samples by a specific RT-PCR using the primers published by Majumder and Baranwal (2). Fragments of the expected size were obtained for all five samples. In addition, one of the positive samples was examined by electron microscopy (Dr. K. Richert-Pöggeler, JKI Braunschweig); filamentous flexous particles typical for carlaviruses could be observed. The random RT-PCR sequence obtained in this study has been submitted to GenBank (KC013030). To our knowledge, this is the first report of GarCLV in garlic in Sudan and Africa. The impact of GarCLV on garlic production in Sudan needs to be evaluated, but the awareness of the occurrence of the virus and the availability of a reliable diagnostic tool will help to select virus-free propagation material. This will form the basis for a sustainable garlic production. References: (1) A. M. Q. King et al. Virus Taxonomy 924, 2012. (2) S. Majumder and V. K. Baranwal. Plant Dis. 93:106, 2009. (3) W. Menzel et al. Arch. Virol. 154:1343, 2009.

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Double Infection of Onion yellow dwarf virus and Shallot latent virus in Garlic from Several Regions in Indonesia

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jpti.62818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Nurenik Nurenik ◽

Sedyo Hartono ◽

Sri Sulandari ◽

Susamto Somowiyarjo ◽

Argawi Kandito

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Latent Virus ◽

Yellow Dwarf ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Double Infection ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Shallot Latent Virus ◽

Yellow Dwarf Virus

Viruses have been a problem on garlic cultivations in various countries. There are several viruses reported infecting garlic. Genera Potyvirus and Carlavirus are the most common viruses found infecting garlic. Mixed infection on garlic is often designated as a “garlic viral complex”. These viruses can be transmitted through imported garlic seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct early detection of garlic seeds to prevent the epidemic of these viruses. This study aimed to detect Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Shallot latent virus (SLV) on garlic. Garlic samples were obtained from Enrekang, Magelang, Temanggung, Tawangmangu, and Yogyakarta. Total RNA was extracted from the samples and subsequently used for RT-PCR using two pairs of specific primers SLV-F/SLV-R and OYDV-F/OYDV-R. Primary pair SLV-F/SLV-R in amplicons sized 276 bp, while OYDV-F/OYDV-R in amplicons sized 112 bp. RT-PCR results showed that OYDV was found in all samples tested in this study. Meanwhile, double infections (OYDV and SLV) were found in eight out of ten samples tested. These results indicated that double infections on garlic were common in Indonesia.

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Incidence of Garlic common latent virus in Argentina, and phylogenetic and recombination analyses of isolates

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2015000500003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 363-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ada Karina Torrico ◽

Marcos Giovani Celli ◽

Luis Rogelio Conci ◽

Vilma Cecilia Conci

Keyword(s):

Allium Sativum ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Latent Virus ◽

Sampling Area ◽

The World ◽

Main Production ◽

Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽

German Isolate ◽

Das Elisa ◽

Different Parts

The objective of this work was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of Garlic common latent virus (GarCLV) in the main production regions of garlic (Allium sativum) in Argentina, and to perform phylogenetic and recombination analyses in isolates from these regions. Leaf samples (3,050) were taken from four garlic commercial types, in 13 departments of the four main garlic-producing provinces of Argentina, in a 1,175-ha sampling area. Virus infection was evaluated with DAS-Elisa test using specific antiserum, and the phylogenetic and recombination analyses were done with capsid protein (CP) nucleotide sequence of seven GarCLV isolates from the provinces. The incidence of GarCLV in the evaluated provinces varied between 6.7 and 22% of the samples, whereas the prevalence varied between 52.6 and 70%. In the analysis of garlic commercial types, Morado showed the highest incidence of the virus, in the province of San Juan, whereas Rosado Paraguayo had the lowest incidence, in the province of Cordoba. Nucleotide identity in the CP sequences ranged between 80.3 and 97.6%. The phylogenetic analysis shows the presence of two main groups of GarCLV and of a possible third group that would include only a German isolate. The recombination analysis between isolates from different parts of the world evidences the presence of recombinant isolates from Poland and Australia.

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First Report of Shallot latent virus in Garlic in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-7-0915b ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (7) ◽

pp. 915-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. K. Torrico ◽

E. E. Cafrune ◽

V. C. Conci

Keyword(s):

Latent Virus ◽

Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Cp Gene ◽

Virus Complex ◽

Garlic Latent Virus ◽

Shallot Latent Virus ◽

Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽

Garlic Virus ◽

Das Elisa

Because of exclusively agamic propagation, garlic is commonly infected with a virus complex mainly composed of species within the genera Potyvirus, Allexivirus, and Carlavirus. This virus complex causes leaf striping that ranges from various shades of green to yellow and results in yield losses (2,4). Onion yellow dwarf virus, Leek yellow stripe virus (potyviruses), Garlic virus A, Garlic virus C (allexiviruses), and Garlic common latent virus (carlavirus) have been detected in Argentina previously (1,2). Recently, Shallot latent virus (SLV; another carlavirus) was detected in 25 of 30 garlic plants (cv. Morado) growing in four different fields near Córdoba, Argentina by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using BIOREBA (Reinach, Switzerland) antibodies. To confirm the presence of the virus, DAS-ELISA-positive plants were also analyzed by one-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the Access RT-PCR system (Promega, Madison, WI) with specific primers reported by Tsuneyoshi et al. (3). RNA extractions were performed from 100 mg of leaves with the Qiagen RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Primers used were Car-V1 (5′-AAACCTTTTGGTTCACTTTAGG-3′); Car-V2 (5′-AGGTGCATTGTTATCATTACTGG-3′); and Car-Cp3 (5′-GCGTGCTATATTTAAGTTGCATAC-3′). Primer pairs Car-V1/Car-Cp3 and Car-V2/Car-Cp3 were used for the amplification of the coat protein (CP) gene of SLV and an isolate of SLV formerly known as Garlic latent virus, respectively. Fragments of 992 bp and 1,079 bp were amplified with these primer pairs, respectively. The RT-PCR products were cloned with the TOPO TA Cloning Kit in the 3.9-kb pCR-TOPO vector (Qiagen). The nucleotide sequences of both fragments were determined and were found to be identical (GenBank No. GU355922) showing 94.2% nt sequence identity with the CP gene of an isolate of SLV from Indonesian garlic (GenBank No. AB004686) formerly referred to as Garlic latent virus (3). Consequently, the Argentinean virus is now considered a garlic isolate of SLV. References: (1) E. Cafrune et al. Plant Dis. 90:898, 2006. (2) V. C. Conci. Virus y Fitoplasmas de Ajo. Page 267 in: 50 Temas Sobre Producción de Ajo. Vol. 3. J. L. Burba, ed. Ediciones INTA, Mendoza, Argentina. 1997. (3) T. Tsuneyoshi et al. Arch. Virol. 143:1093, 1998. (4) D. G. A. Walkey and D. N. Antill. J. Hortic. Sci. 64:53, 1989.

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