scholarly journals Formation of the xenobiotic profile in anthropogenic systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 350 ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
V V Gorin ◽  
T A Sokolova ◽  
N V Khvatysh
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Systems

scholarly journals Global urban signatures of phenotypic change in animal and plant populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (34) ◽  
pp. 8951-8956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Alberti ◽  
Cristian Correa ◽  
John M. Marzluff ◽  
Andrew P. Hendry ◽  
Eric P. Palkovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Anthropogenic Systems

Humans challenge the phenotypic, genetic, and cultural makeup of species by affecting the fitness landscapes on which they evolve. Recent studies show that cities might play a major role in contemporary evolution by accelerating phenotypic changes in wildlife, including animals, plants, fungi, and other organisms. Many studies of ecoevolutionary change have focused on anthropogenic drivers, but none of these studies has specifically examined the role that urbanization plays in ecoevolution or explicitly examined its mechanisms. This paper presents evidence on the mechanisms linking urban development patterns to rapid evolutionary changes for species that play important functional roles in communities and ecosystems. Through a metaanalysis of experimental and observational studies reporting more than 1,600 phenotypic changes in species across multiple regions, we ask whether we can discriminate an urban signature of phenotypic change beyond the established natural baselines and other anthropogenic signals. We then assess the relative impact of five types of urban disturbances including habitat modifications, biotic interactions, habitat heterogeneity, novel disturbances, and social interactions. Our study shows a clear urban signal; rates of phenotypic change are greater in urbanizing systems compared with natural and nonurban anthropogenic systems. By explicitly linking urban development to traits that affect ecosystem function, we can map potential ecoevolutionary implications of emerging patterns of urban agglomerations and uncover insights for maintaining key ecosystem functions upon which the sustainability of human well-being depends.

scholarly journals The role of fluid chemistry on permeability evolution in granite: Applications to natural and anthropogenic systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 553 ◽  
pp. 116641
Author(s):  
C. Sanchez-Roa ◽  
G.D. Saldi ◽  
T.M. Mitchell ◽  
F. Iacoviello ◽  
J. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permeability Evolution ◽  
Fluid Chemistry ◽  
Anthropogenic Systems

scholarly journals Exploring objective climate classification for the Himalayan arc and adjacent regions using gridded data sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1101-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Forsythe ◽  
S. Blenkinsop ◽  
H. J. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Classification ◽  
Climate Shifts ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Anthropogenic Systems ◽  
Resource Variability

Abstract. A three-step climate classification was applied to a spatial domain covering the Himalayan arc and adjacent plains regions using input data from four global meteorological reanalyses. Input variables were selected based on an understanding of the climatic drivers of regional water resource variability and crop yields. Principal components analysis (PCA) of those variables and k means clustering on the PCA outputs revealed a reanalysis ensemble consensus for eight sub-regional climate zones. Spatial statistics of input variables for each zone revealed consistent, distinct climatologies. This climate classification approach has potential both for enhancing assessment of climatic influences on water resources and food security as well as for characterising the skill and bias of gridded datasets, both meteorological reanalyses and climate models, for reproducing sub-regional climatologies. Through their spatial descriptors (area, geographic centroid, elevation mean range), climate classifications also provide metrics, beyond simple changes in individual variables, with which to assess the magnitude of projected climate change. Such sophisticated metrics are of particular interest for regions, including mountainous areas, where natural and anthropogenic systems are expected to be sensitive to incremental climate shifts.

scholarly journals Modern Landscape-Technical Structure of Vinnytsia City Territory

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical Structure ◽  
Anthropogenic Systems ◽  
Modern Landscape ◽  
The City

Purpose. To identify the peculiarities of the modern landscape-technical structure of the city of Vinnytsia in order to improve the urban environment. Methods: systematization of facts, finding of empirical relationships, analytical and cartographic analysis, cartographic, field researches. Results. Vinnytsia is represented by a residential landscape-technical polysystem. Two landscape-technical urban systems are distinguished within the territory of the city: the residential located on undulating loess heights with gullies and ravines covered by oak-hornbeam forests on gray and light gray soils in past; and the industrial-residential located on a flat-undulating loess plateau with gray forest soils and podzolized black soils covered by hornbeam-oak forests in the past. In the structure of these urban systems there are floodplain water-recreational, slope forestry, watershed-road and watershed-field landscape-anthropogenic mesosystems, watersheds of low-rise residential buildings, sloping of low-rise residential buildings, floodplain-terrace of low-rise residential buildings, floodplain-terrace of medium multi-storey residential buildings, floodplain-terrace of industrial-residential buildings, sloping industrial-warehouse buildings, watershed industrial-warehouse buildings landscape-technical mesosystems, watercourse-hydropower, floodplain-pond fishery and floodplain water-recreational landscape-engineering mesosystems. Conclusion. It was found that landscape-technical mesosystems are dominant in the structure of modern landscapes of Vinnytsia, the smallest areas are under landscape-engineering mesosystems. Landscape-technical mesosystems of low-rise residential buildings are dominant by areas. They predominate also in the structure of landscape-technical mesosystems of Vinnytsia. To improve the urban environment, it is necessary to increase the area with landscape-anthropogenic systems of greenery, especially around rivers, roads and industrial enterprises.

scholarly journals Financial Networks as a Source of Systemic Instability

e-Finanse ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Tomasz Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Contagion Effect ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Loosely Coupled Systems ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Complex Dynamic Systems ◽  
Anthropogenic Systems ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Systemic risk is a fundamental constituent of contemporary financial systems. For the past decades a growing number of abrupt upsets in financial systems could be observed. Due to previous experiences, politicians and regulators prefer to identify the offenders outside the system or to blame one of the entities inside the system. However, nowadays many disasters in anthropogenic systems cannot be perceived that way. They are often results of inappropriate interactions rather than external or internal impulses. This requires a paradigm shift in thinking about systemic risk. A component-oriented perspective should be nowadays replaced with a network-oriented view. Closer insight into the concept of systemic risk can refer to the model of the system composed of a huge number of interconnected components. In such a system, systemic risk is usually considered to have a ‘cascading’, ‘domino’ or ‘contagion’ effect, resulting from strong connections. An initial failure could have disastrous effects and cause extreme damage as the number of network nodes goes to infinity. Strongly interconnected, complex dynamic systems cannot be understood by the simple sum of their components’ properties, in contrast to loosely coupled systems. What makes the behaviour of complex financial systems particularly unpredictable is that systemic failures may occur even if everybody involved is highly skilled, highly motivated and behaving properly.

Phenomenon of Virtual Reality in Theory and Practice of Social Systems Manage

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Ярцева ◽  
Svyetlana YArtsyeva ◽  
Зотов ◽  
V. Zotov
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Virtual Image ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Anthropogenic Systems ◽  
Time Continuum

The authors, who are the experts in anthropogenic systems management technology, revealed the phenomenon of virtual reality from the point of its practical signifi cance for developing society management strategies. The method of strategic planning regards virtual reality asa theoretical and philosophical basis for the design and virtualization of economic and mathematical images of the real socio-economic systems in the generated virtual world. Particular attention is paid to the fundamental properties of socio-economic systems, causing an objective link of their virtual images with the principles of nonlinear dynamics.Using virtual reality elements is exemplifi ed on “DYN-Prognoz” simulation, targeted at the development of social systems managing strategies. Authors proposed to use generative virtual reality related by feedback to time continuum with advanced virtual image as a new direction in social and economic forecasting.

scholarly journals Determination of Anthropogenic Changes in Urbanized Territories Using GIS Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Igor Patrakeyev ◽  
Victor Ziborov ◽  
Nadia Lazorenko-Hevel
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Thermal Anomalies ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Thermal Power Stations ◽  
Anthropogenic Systems

Abstract The research aim is to obtain a cartographic model of an urbanized territory by means of thermal survey in an infrared range. With this cartographic model, it will be then possible to reduce the zones in the urbanized territories differing in the level of superficial heat. Further, we will be able to reduce the proof thermal anomalies and thermal structures of the localities that are related to the natural and anthropogenic systems. On the examples of the cities of Ukraine – Energodar and Nikopol, we defined the sources of caloradiances from major industrial concerns as well as from thermal and nuclear power plants. For comparison, we built the model of thermal structure of the city of Tokai and the nuclear power plant with the same name Tokai (Japan). The sources of caloradiances can be, for example, pipes of thermal power stations, ponds-coolers, corps of steel-making production, and other similar objects. If the sizes of such source are known, then we are able to get the absolute values of temperatures.

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