Institutional evaluation of the community plantation forest (CPF) permit holders in Langkat District

AbstractEvaluation of land use/land cover (LULC) status of watersheds is vital to environmental management. This study was carried out in Jewha watershed, which is found in the upper Awash River basin of central Ethiopia. The total catchment area is 502 km2. All climatic zones of Ethiopia, including lowland arid (‘Kola’), midland semi-arid (‘Woinadega’), humid highland (Dega) and afro alpine (‘Wurch’) can be found in the watershed. The study focused on LULC classification and change detection using GIS and remote sensing techniques by analyzing satellite images. The data preprocessing and post-process was done using multi-temporal spectral satellite data. The images were used to evaluate the temporal trends of the LULC class by considering the years 1984, 1995, 2005 and 2015. Accuracy assessment and change detection of the classification were undertaken by accounting these four years images. The land use types in the study area were categorized into six classes: natural forest, plantation forest, cultivated land, shrub land, grass land and bare land. The result shows the cover classes which has high environmental role such as forest and shrub has decreased dramatically through time with cultivated land increasing during the same period in the watershed. The forest cover in 1984 was about 6.5% of the total catchment area, and it had decreased to 4.2% in 2015. In contrast, cultivated land increased from 38.7% in 1984 to 51% in 2015. Shrub land decreased from 28 to 18% in the same period. Bare land increased due to high gully formation in the catchment. In 1984, it was 1.8% which turned to 0.6% in 1995 then increased in 2015 to 2.7%. Plantation forest was not detected in 1984. In 1995, it covers 1.5% which turned to be the same in 2015. The study clearly demonstrated that there are significant changes of land use and land cover in the catchment. The findings will allow making informed decision which will allow better land use management and environmental conservation interventions.

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Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central Vietnam

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11050548 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 548 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Quy Van Khuc ◽

Tuyet-Anh T. Le ◽

Trung H. Nguyen ◽

Duy Nong ◽

Bao Quang Tran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Household Income ◽

Shifting Cultivation ◽

Current Status ◽

Plantation Forest ◽

North Central ◽

Rural Landscapes ◽

Plantation Forests ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Central Vietnam ◽

Total Household Income

Vietnam’s forests have experienced a notable transformation over the past 20 years from net deforestation to reforestation and expanding forests. Continued reforestation that aims to achieve further economic and environmental benefits remains a national priority and strategy. We explore the current status of plantation forests and highlight possible means to facilitate their expansion in the uplands of Vietnam. We employ mixed method triangulation to empirically explore plantation forests and their economic role in household livelihood, to quantify trade-offs between plantation forests and shifting cultivation, and to assess the constraints on plantation forest expansion in Nghe An province, north-central Vietnam. Results show that forest in the study area expanded by 406,000 ha (71.1%) between 1990 and 2016. Plantation forests increased by nearly 500% (from 32,000 ha to 190,000 ha), while natural forests expanded by 48.1% (from 538,000 ha to 797,000 ha). Plantation forests contributed an average of 35.1 percent of total household income in wealthier households and 27.9 percent of income in poor households. Switching from shifting cultivation to plantation forests would increase total household income and average carbon stock but decrease food provision. Total Economic Value would be higher for plantation forest scenarios if increased carbon stocks in plantations can be monetized. This carbon income might drive conversion of shifting cultivation to plantation forests. Constraints on further expansion of plantation forest are low external cooperation, education, market stability, and agroforestry extension services. Our empirical results inform national plantation forest development, sustainable upland livelihood development, and climate change mitigation programs to ultimately facilitate forest transition and improve the resilience and sustainability of socio-ecological systems.

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The Matrix of Contractarian Justice

Social Philosophy and Policy ◽

10.1017/s0265052500000881 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James M. Buchanan ◽

Loren E. Lomasky

Keyword(s):

External Source ◽

Economic Equality ◽

Theory Of Justice ◽

Personal Liberty ◽

Institutional Evaluation ◽

External Standard ◽

The Matrix ◽

Self Knowledge ◽

Contracting Process ◽

Point Of Departure

There are no first principles etched in stone from which all moral philosophers must take their bearings. We must deliberately choose our point of departure in any attempt to respond to the question: “Must any defensible theory of justice incorporate both a commitment to personal liberty and to economic equality?” Basic to our own approach is a suspicion of seers and visionaries who espy an external source of values independent from human choices. We presuppose, instead, that political philosophy commences with individual evaluation.1 A near-corollary of this presupposition is that each individual's preferences ought to be taken into account equally with those of others. That is, we suppose that there is no privileged evaluator, whose preferences are accorded decisive weight. Conceptual unanimity as a criterion for institutional evaluation follows naturally from the other two presuppositions. If there is neither an external standard of value nor a corps of resident value experts, only unanimity can ultimately be satisfactory as a test of social desirability. Our perspective then is subjectivist, individualist, and unanimitarian.These presuppositions inform our contractarian analysis. There are, however, two separate contractarian traditions that we shall find useful to distinguish, the “Hobbesian” and the “Rawlsian.” In the first, persons find themselves in the anarchistic war of each against all. They contract away their natural liberties in exchange for the order that civil society – through its sovereign – affords. In this contracting process, individuals are assumed to possess full self-knowledge; they know who they are, what conceptions of the good they hold, and what their endowments are.

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Tu1015 CPT Coding by Gastroenterologists: A Multi-Institutional Evaluation of Accuracy and Its Economic Impact.

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

10.1016/j.gie.2017.03.1245 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. AB540

Author(s):

Marc F. Catalano ◽

Naser M. Khan ◽

Michael Lajin ◽

Shahid Ali ◽

Joseph B. Henderson

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Institutional Evaluation

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Timber production assessment of a plantation forest: An integrated framework with field-based inventory, multi-source remote sensing data and forest management history

International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation ◽

10.1016/j.jag.2016.06.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 155-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tian Gao ◽

Jiaojun Zhu ◽

Songqiu Deng ◽

Xiao Zheng ◽

Jinxin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Forest Management ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Timber Production ◽

Plantation Forest ◽

Integrated Framework ◽

Sensing Data ◽

Management History

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Efficacy of first-generation Cavermap to verify location and function of cavernous nerves during radical prostatectomy: a multi-institutional evaluation by experienced surgeons

Urology ◽

10.1016/s0090-4295(00)01067-0 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 491-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Patrick C Walsh ◽

Penny Marschke ◽

William J Catalona ◽

Herbert Lepor ◽

Sighle Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radical Prostatectomy ◽

First Generation ◽

Institutional Evaluation ◽

Cavernous Nerves ◽

And Function

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A comparison of soil and microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents, and macro-aggregate stability of a soil under native forest and after clearance for pastures and plantation forest

Biology and Fertility of Soils ◽

10.1007/bf00337739 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 91-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

G. P. Sparling ◽

P. B. S. Hart ◽

J. A. August ◽

D. M. Leslie

Keyword(s):

Aggregate Stability ◽

Native Forest ◽

Plantation Forest ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Microbial Carbon

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Comparison of soil respiration among three temperate forests in Changbai Mountains, China

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x10-010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 788-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Xu Wang ◽

Yanling Jiang ◽

Bingrui Jia ◽

Fengyu Wang ◽

Guangsheng Zhou

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Temperature Response ◽

Stand Age ◽

Changbai Mountains ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Plantation Forest ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Coniferous Plantation

CO2 efflux from forest soils is an important process in the global carbon cycle; however, effects of stand age and successional status remain uncertain. We compared soil respiration and its relationship to soil carbon content, forest floor mass, root biomass, soil temperature, and soil moisture content among three temperate forest ecosystems in Changbai Mountains, northeastern China, from 2003 to 2005. Forest types included an old-growth, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved primary forest (MN), a middle-aged, broad-leaved secondary forest (BL), and a young coniferous plantation forest (CP). Average annual soil CO2 efflux at BL (1477.9 ± 61.8 g C·m–2·year–1) was significantly higher than at CP (830.7 ± 48.7 g C·m–2·year–1) and MN (935.4 ± 53.3 g C·m–2·year–1). Differences in soil temperature among those sites were not statistically significant but contributed to the differences in annual CO2 efflux. In addition, the temperature response of soil CO2 efflux was higher at MN (Q10 = 2.78) than that at BL (Q10 = 2.17) and CP (Q10 = 2.02). Our results suggest that successional stage affects soil respiration by the differences in substrate quantity and quality, environmental conditions, and root respiration.

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