Consumers’ Preference and Willingness-To-Pay for Different Varieties of Pepper in Osun State, Nigeria

The study was conducted to assess consumers’ preference and willingness to pay for different pepper varieties in Osun State, Nigeria. The study used the major pepper types – Capsicum chinenses (Rodo), C. annum (Tatase), C. frutescens (Sombo) and C. pubescens (Bawa), being sold in the markets in Osun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect data from 100 respondents. The primary data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study showed that consumers mostly preferred and were willing to pay more for C. chinenses (Rodo) than any other types of pepper. Household size, primary occupation, total household income, availability and meal-making ability of pepper were the factors that influenced consumers’ preference for the different varieties of pepper while the willingness to pay for pepper varieties by consumers was influenced by affordability, availability, taste and thickness. The study recommends that since availability and affordability influenced preference and willingness to pay for pepper varieties, policies should be aimed at increasing farmers’ production as this will ensure that pepper is readily available and affordable for consumers.

Effects of Low-Intensity Conflicts on Farming Communities in Mindanao, Philippines

Low-intensity conflicts have often been afforded lesser importance than high-intensity conflicts. Yet, low-intensity conflicts can have impacts on the ability to farm, productivity, and income. We studied the effects of low-intensity conflicts on the farming communities in two conflict vulnerable areas in Mindanao, Southern Philippines. Following a review of the economic effects of conflict with a focus on Mindanao, we surveyed farmers in low-conflict areas to assess its impact on livelihood. In 2018, farmers in “peaceful” situation differed in income from those who are in “low-conflict” situations. The mean total household income for the “low conflict” (PHP8,360 or $US155) group was significantly lower by PHP13,060 ($US242) from the “peaceful” group (PHP24,433 or $US453). This findings suggest the need for further research regarding how villages resolve conflicts informally as a way of improve government-sponsored conflict resolution efforts.

Kontribusi Usahatani Tembakau terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani di Desa Katekan Kecamatan Ngadirejo Kabupaten Temanggung

This research is motivated by the condition of Katekan Village, Ngadirejo District, Temanggung Regency, when the dry season always plant tobacco. Tobacco farming becomes the main livelihood for farmers in Katekan Village so it is necessary to know how much the contribution of tobacco farming to the household income of farmers. The purpose of this study was to determine the income and profitability of tobacco farming, to analyze the differences in income between tobacco farming and non-tobacco farming income, and to determine the value of the contribution of tobacco farming income to the total household income of farmers in Katekan Village. Survey method was used in this research. Sampling is done by simple random sampling method. The number of samples taken was 40 respondents. Respondent characteristic data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, while the calculation of tobacco farming income data was analyzed using farm analysis. Hypothesis testing is done by one sample t-test and paired sample t-test. The results showed that tobacco farming income per planting season was Rp. 16,035,123 or around Rp. 2.672.520 per month. Income outside of tobacco farming per season is IDR 7,217,509 or IDR 1,202,918 per month. The total household income of farmers per planting season is Rp. 23,252,632. Tobacco farming has a profitability value of 66.10% which means profitable. There is a difference between tobacco farming income and non-tobacco farming income. Tobacco farming contributes 69% of farmer's household income and non-tobacco farm income contributes 31%.

TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA VIỆC THU HỒI ĐẤT NÔNG NGHIỆP ĐẾN SINH KẾ NGƯỜI DÂN TẠI DỰ ÁN KHU ĐÔ THỊ CẦU DÂU, XÃ TRÀNG SƠN, HUYỆN ĐÔ LƯƠNG, TỈNH NGHỆ AN

Bài báo này nhằm mục đích làm rõ quá trình thu hồi đất để phục vụ dự án khu đô thị Cầu Dâu cũng như tác động của nó đến sự chuyển đổi vốn sinh kế cho người dân địa phương, thông qua phương pháp phỏng vấn trực tiếp 80 hộ dân xã Tràng Sơn thuộc ba nhóm đối tượng bị ảnh hưởng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, sau khi thu hồi đất để xây khu đô thị Cầu Dâu, diện tích đất nông nghiệp của các hộ dân giảm rõ rệt từ 32,6% đến 81,1% tổng diện tích. Trước thu hồi đất, khoản thu từ nông nghiệp chiếm tỷ trọng cao nhất (82,6%), nhưng sau thu hồi chỉ chiếm 38,9% trong tổng thu nhập của hộ. Hiện tại, nguồn thu nhập của các hộ gia đình được cải thiện hơn nhờ các ngành nghề lao động tự do và các hoạt động phi nông nghiệp. Sau quá trình thu hồi đất, nguồn vốn vật chất của các hộ dân cũng được cải thiện nhiều hơn. Cụ thể, từ 93% đến 100% các hộ phỏng vấn đều mua sắm được các phương tiện sinh hoạt trong gia đình như xe máy, điện thoại, tivi, tủ lạnh. Bên cạnh những hộ dân nhận được tác động tích cực từ việc thu hồi đất, một số hộ dân vẫn còn gặp phải khó khăn trong quá trình thích ứng với cuộc sống “bên ngoài đồng ruộng”. Nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy cần có những giải pháp cụ thể hơn đối với hình thức bồi thường, hỗ trợ đền bù, tái định cư từ phía Nhà nước để người dân có sinh kế bền vững sau thu hồi đất. ABSTRACT This paper aimed to clarify the process of land acquisition to serve the Cau Dau urban project as well as its impact on the conversion of livelihood capital of local people through direct interview method. 80 households in Trang Son commune belonged to three groups of affected people. Research results showed that after recovering land to build Cau Dau urban area, the agricultural land area of ​​households decreased significantly from 32.6% to 81.1% of the total area. Before the land acquisition, income from agriculture accounted for the highest proportion (82.6%). On the other hand, after the recovery, this figure accounted for 38.9% of total household income. At present, household income is being improved thanks to the earned money from freelance labor and non-farm activities. After the land acquisition process, the physical capital of households has been improved. Specifically, from 93% to 100% of the interviewed households could buy home appliances such as refrigerators, televisions, mobile phones, and even motorbikes. Most of the interviewed households have received positive impacts from the acquisition of agricultural land. However, the other ones have faced up difficulties in adapting to "outside the field" life.

Palm sugar business management and its contribution towards household revenues in Lebak District, Banten

This study aims to identify palm sugar business characteristic, to analyzethe allocation of labor and household revenue of palm sugar craftsmen and to analyzethe contribution of palm sugar income to the craftsmen household in Lebak Regency.The research data used were primary data and secondary data which were processeddescriptively and quantitatively. Sampling was carried out randomly (simple randomsampling) in five sub-districts of palm sugar centers in Lebak Regency. The resultsshowed that the average palm sugar craftsman allocated his time of 6.66 hours per dayto produce palm sugar. The allocation of labor is distributed in several stages of theproduction process including tapping, cooking, stirring, printing and drying. As muchas 77.14% of the total household income of palm sugar craftsmen comes from thepalm sugar business. Other income is obtained from farming other commodities andtrading. Total income is allocated for food expenditure, non-food expenditure andsavings. Expenditures on food account for 60% of total expenditure, while non-foodexpenditures are 32 percent and savings are 8 percent.

Kontribusi pendapatan usahatani terhadap ekonomi rumah tangga petani di daerah pedesaan : review

The majority of people in rural areas in their daily life work as farmers and rely on agricultural products to meet their daily needs. The problem is that the income from farming is not sufficient to meet daily needs. Therefore, it is necessary to study the contribution of farm income to total household income. The method used in this research is the literature review method. The results of several studies indicate that the characteristics of farmers in rural areas have an average primary school education (more than 50%), while the average age of farmers is still in the productive age. The average contribution value of rice farming from several studies with different areas from several research results is more than 50%, meaning that farmers depend on rice farming days to fulfill all their daily needs rather than relying on side jobs, while the contribution of tobacco farming from several research results from less than 50%. In calculating the contribution of many researchers who have not included time susceptibility, either yearly, seasonally, or monthly, this will affect the tabulation of the calculation of non-farm income.

PENDAPATAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI PENGOLAH IKAN ASAP DAN NON PENGOLAH IKAN ASAP (KASUS DI DESA KEBON DAMAR, KECAMATAN MATARAM BARU, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR)

This research aims to calculate the income and welfare of rice farmers who processsmoked fish and who do not process. The research was carried out in Kebon Damar Village from July to August 2019 using a survey method. The determination of the sample was done in stage (multistage sampling). The sample in this research amounted to 57 rice farmers. The data were analyzed using income analysis, R-C ratio, and household welfare according to the 1997 Sajogyo’s criteria. The results showed that the largest contribution of household income of nonsmoked fish processing ricefarmers came from rice farming or 71.45 percent of the total household income. Whereas, the largest contribution of household income of smoked fish processing rice farmers came from the smoked fish processing business or 54.43 percent of the total household income. Smoked fish processing rice farmers weremore prosperous than nonsmoked fish processing rice farmers.Keywords: Household income, household welfare, rice farmers, smoked fish.

PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH

This reseacrh aimed at analyzing level of income and welfare of rice farmers in Central Lampung Regency. The reseacrh was conducted in Central Lampung District, deliberately taken location with consideration that it is the largest rice production center in Lampung Province in 2016. Data were collected in January 2018 using a survey method. The sample in this study amounted to 66 respondents of lowland rice farmers taken using a simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using income analysis, R-C ratio, and household welfare according to the 2014 BPS criteria. The results showed that the contribution of the income of lowland rice farmers in Central Lampung Regency in 2016 amounted to 70.81 percent of the total household income, the rice farmers in Central Lampung Regency are mostly in the prosperous category based on the 2014 BPS criteria. Key words: income, rice farmers, welfare

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA WANITA DAN KOTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN (Studi Kasus Pada Usaha Belah Pinang Di Desa Paya Rangkuluh Kecamatan Kuta Blang Kabupaten Bireuen)

The purpose of this study is to look at the factors that influence the productivity of female labor and income contribution (case study in Pinang split business in Payarangkuluh village, KutaBlang District, Bireuen Regency). The data used in this study are primary data obtained from 80 respondents. Data analysis method used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the wages and total household income have a positive effect on the productivity of female labor, then age and level of education have a negative effect on the productivity of female labor, while together the variables of wages, age, level of education and total household income affected positively on the productivity of female labor in the village of Payarangkuluh Kuta Blang District Bireuen Regency.

An income analysis of beef cattle fattening system and its contribution to the total household income in Central Java Province

Beef cattle fattening is raised by farmers in Central Java, but not yet profit oriented. The aims of this research were to analyze the farmer income of beef cattle fattening farm and its contribution to the total household income and to analyze the influence of production costs and farm size toward beef cattle farm income. Survey was used among 150 beef cattle farmers, while multi stage cluster quota sampling was used as sampling method. Income analysis, paired t test, and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. Research result showed that the farmer’s income from beef cattle farm is IDR 6,736,824.21 per 6.32 month fattening period on an average farm scale was 2.31 heads (equal to IDR 1,065,953.20/month). While, average income of farm households from non-beef cattle farm was IDR 3,516,080.95/month. The contribution of beef cattle farm to household farmer’s income was 30.32%. Based on the paired t test, beef cattle farm income is significantly different and smaller than the income from non-beef cattle farm. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that variable cost and number of beef cattle had a significant effect on beef cattle farm income, while the fixed cost had no significant effect.