scholarly journals Ecological restoration of fodder productivity of degraded pastures in the foothill desert zone of Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
N Z Shamsutdinov ◽  
V V Sanzeev ◽  
Z Sh Shamsutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Haloxylon Aphyllum ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Outer Border ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Degraded Pastures ◽  
Black Saxaul

Abstract Irrational, ecologically unregulated economic activity in the vast deserts of Central Asia has led to biodiversity depletion, decrease in the fodder productivity of natural pastures and, as a result, deterioration in the fodder base of grassland farming. Forage production of these degraded pastures requires ecological restoration. To enrich the species composition and to increase the fodder productivity of degraded pastures we conducted strip sowing of black saxaul. Restorative succession on degraded pastures led to the formation of a long-term halophytic shrub-ephemeral pasture community consisting of two layers: upper (I) layer represented by black saxaul and lower (II) layer composed of ephemeroids, ephemerals and annual saltwort. Ephemerals are short-growing fodder plants (March–April); Haloxylon aphyllum refers to long-growing (226–242 days) fodder plants, which sprout in the period from late March to early December. Annual salsolas Salsola carinata and Halocharis hispida develop well under the crown of Haloxylon aphyllum. Here they are much larger than between the crowns. The shrub-ephemeral pasture community is dominated by annual grasses and Poa bulbosa. They are mainly concentrated on the outer border of the undercrown ring and are characterized by lush development. In the halophytic semi-shrub-ephemeroid pasture community, the total yield of forage mass of ephemera was 0.90 t/ha; the total yield of forage mass of annual saltwort was 0.14 t/ha; the total yield of forage mass of Haloxylon aphyllum was 0.89 t/ha; the total yield of forage mass was 1.93 t/ha.

scholarly journals The environmental forming and productional functions of the haloxylon aphyllum in the Karnabchul desert

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
E. Z. Shamsutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Haloxylon Aphyllum ◽  
Aged State ◽  
Ephemeral Vegetation ◽  
Black Saxaul

We have conducted investigation of the environmental function of the desert tree of black saxaul (Haloxylon aphyllum) in the Karnabchul desert. As a result, it was found that different age plants of black saxaul had different effects on the degree of illumination. The greatest influence on the intensity of solar radiation was exerted by the saxaul plant of the black middle-aged state, the least the old generative individuals. Saxaul black had a significant impact on the temperature of the air: in the daytime, especially in the period 13-16 h, reducing the temperature under the crown and on the edge of the crown, and at night increasing it in the same areas. It also had a noticeable effect on the temperature of the soil. The temperature of the soil surface under the crown at night is higher, and during the day the warming was slower than in the outer part of the saxaul crown. Under the influence of black saxaul and soil moisture changed. Under the saxaul crown soil moisture is significantly higher compared to the control (open natural pastures). The highest soil moisture was observed in the upper soil layers at the base of the saxaul trunk. As a result, under the environmental action of black saxaul more favorable hydrothermal conditions for the growth and development of natural wormwood-ephemeral vegetation under the protection of strips and adjacent areas of pastures are formed. The result of production activities chemotaxonomic postbestowal bands consists of two following components: production of fodder mass of the Haloxylon and fodder productivity of wormwood-ephemeral vegetation of natural pastures. By increasing the yield of natural pastures under the protection of pasture protection strips and the harvest of the black saxaul fodder productivity of desert pastures increases more than twice.

Forage production for dairy farming in terms of the Research Station “Poyma”

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
А.А. Анисимов ◽  
П.И. Комахин ◽  
В.Н. Золотарев
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Animal Product ◽  
Advanced Experience ◽  
Stable Production ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Silage Production

Важнейшей проблемой продовольственной безопасности страны является уровень обеспеченности населения молочными продуктами. В связи с этим большое значение имеет опыт работы передовых хозяйств такого профиля в определённых почвенно-климатических и природно-экологических условиях. ФГБУ «Опытная станция «Пойма» является одним из наиболее эффективных хозяйств в Московской области по производству молока. Общая площадь сельскохозяйственных угодий составляет 6135 га, из них 2000 га пашни. В структуре посевных площадей 95% и более занимают кормовые культуры, в том числе 12–14% — однолетние травы, 68–70% — многолетние травы и природные кормовые угодья, 15–16% — кукуруза на силос. Основное производство кормов сосредоточено на высокоплодородных пойменных землях, на долю которых приходится 84% кормовых угодий. В статье изложены результаты системного применения достижений науки и передового опыта по стабильному производству высококачественных объёмистых кормов. Проведён анализ состояния кормопроизводства и животноводства хозяйства с 1982 по 2020 год, освещены научные подходы к увеличению производства кормов и животноводческой продукции. Системное освоение передовых научных разработок по созданию высокопродуктивных кормовых посевов и стабильному производству высококачественных объёмистых кормов, их рациональному хранению и использованию, техническая модернизация позволили увеличить среднегодовой надой на корову с 4079 до 9708 кг, или более чем в 2,3 раза, при одновременном снижении расхода кормов на 1 кг молока с 1,37 до 0,90 корм. ед. при повышении рентабельности с 16 до 28%. Food safety of the country is highly affected by the availability of milk products. Therefore, the experience of leading farms is of great importance under certain environmental conditions. The Research Station “Poyma” is one of the leading milk producers in the Moscow region. Its fields occupy around 6135 ha. The proportion of forage crops amounts to 95% including 12–14% of annual grasses, 68–70% of perennial grasses and natural forage lands as well as 15–16% of maize for silage production. 84% of the total cultivation area are high-fertile floodlands. This article focuses on the application of the latest scientific findings and advanced experience for stable production of high-quality bulk fodder. The efficiency of forage production and Animal Husbandry was analyzed in the period from 1982 to 2020. The methods and practices were reviewed to optimize forage and animal product resources. Average annual milk yield was improved from 4079 to 9708 kg per cow, or by more than 2.3 times due to the introduction of the latest findings into the production process including the cultivation of high-productive forage crops, stabilization of bulk fodder supplies, feed effective storage and use. Forage consumption dropped from 1.37 to 0.90 feed units for the production of 1 kg of milk, payback increased from 16 to 28%.

Natural Regeneration Potential of the Black Saxaul Shrubforests in Semi-Deserts of Central Asia - the Ili River Delta Area, SE Kazakhstan

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina A. Zhaglovskaya ◽  
Jiri Chlachula ◽  
Niels Thevs ◽  
Anar B. Myrzagaliyeva ◽  
Saule S. Aidossova
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Delta Area ◽  
Black Saxaul

Control of Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and other Annual Grasses with Imazapic

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy B. Kyser ◽  
Joseph M. Ditomaso ◽  
Morgan P. Doran ◽  
Steve B. Orloff ◽  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Lake County ◽  
Annual Grasses

Invasive annual grasses, such as medusahead, can reduce forage production capacity and interfere with revegetation projects in California rangelands. Because of the taxonomic similarity to other more desirable grasses, achieving selective control of invasive annual grasses can be difficult. In selectivity trials conducted in Yolo and Siskiyou counties, CA, the herbicide imazapic gave control of many nonnative annual grasses yet provided some level of selectivity to specific perennial grasses used in revegetation projects throughout the western United States. The selectivity difference between newly seeded perennial and annual grasses was greater with PRE applications than with POST treatments. Both perennial and annual grasses within the tribe Hordeae were more tolerant to imazapic than other grass species. In addition, field experiments were conducted at three sites in northern California (Yuba, Yolo, and Lassen counties) and one in southern Oregon (Lake County) to test the response of imazapic to varying management conditions. Imazapic was applied PRE in fall (and also spring in Lake County) at rates from 35 to 210 g/ha on undisturbed rangeland, in comparison with rangeland cleared of standing plant material and thatch by either tillage, mowing and raking, or burning. Imazapic generally showed enhanced weed control when applied following disturbance. Rates as low as 70 g/ha, if combined with thatch removal, provided significant suppression of medusahead. In addition, disturbance alone generally reduced medusahead cover in the following year. Although imazapic showed potential for control of medusahead and other annual grasses, its selectivity window was relatively narrow.

Yield and nutritive value of irrigated tall fescue compared with orchardgrass: In monocultures or mixed with alfalfa

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Thompson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Schedonorus Phoenix

Thompson, D. J. 2013. Yield and nutritive value of irrigated tall fescue compared with orchardgrass: in monocultures or mixed with alfalfa. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 799–807. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is commonly grown for irrigated forage production in interior British Columbia. Tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Schop.) Holub.] is also adapted to the area but no comparative trials have been reported. Three varieties of each grass species were grown in monocultures or in mixtures with alfalfa at three irrigated sites throughout southern interior British Columbia. Study objectives included comparing the forage yield and nutritive value of the following groups: (1) tall fescue and orchardgrass monocultures, (2) tall fescue and orchardgrass mixtures with alfalfa and (3) grass-alfalfa mixtures with monocultures. In monoculture, tall fescue yield was 9% greater than orchardgrass (significantly greater yield at 3 of 6 site-years), though forage nutritive values were similar. Mixtures of the two grasses with alfalfa had similar yields, but those containing tall fescue had superior nutritive value. Alfalfa contributed a greater percentage to total yield and had higher survival when mixed with tall fescue. Tall fescue is a viable alternative to orchardgrass for irrigated forage production in monoculture and may be more suitable for mixtures with alfalfa. Our findings demonstrate a functional diversity effect; grass-alfalfa mixtures over-yielded the mean of the alfalfa, orchardgrass, and tall fescue monocultures by 12%.

Genetic differentiation of black saxaul, Haloxylon aphyllum (Chenopodiaceae), along a soil salinity gradient in the Kyzylkum Desert

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Shuyskaya ◽  
L. G. Gismatullina ◽  
K. H. Toderich ◽  
P. Yu. Voronin ◽  
N. V. Soldatova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Haloxylon Aphyllum ◽  
Kyzylkum Desert ◽  
Black Saxaul

Environment-forming role of black saxaul, Haloxylon aphyllum (Minkw.) Iljin in the Karnabchul Desert

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sh. Shamsutdinov ◽  
Sh. R. Ubaydullaev ◽  
N. Z. Shamsutdinov ◽  
V. V. Zanzheev
Keyword(s):  
Haloxylon Aphyllum ◽  
Black Saxaul
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