scholarly journals Irrigation control and image acquisition for rice cultivation in UAE desert soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 924 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
M Ali ◽  
M Chowdhury ◽  
M N Islam ◽  
S Islam ◽  
S Kiraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Desert Soil ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Desert Soils

Abstract Precision water management and crop growth monitoring are essential where water is a scarce, especially in desert soils. The purpose of the study was to control the irrigation and real-time image acquisition for monitoring the rice cultivation inside the net house under the UAE desert soil. An automated data acquisition system was constructed, installed, and tested in the experimental site at Al-Foah, Al-Ain. Soil water content sensors were placed in the different depths of desert soils, and an automatic irrigation logic was implemented to maintain the average of 30% desired water content level in desert soils. The irrigation rate was controlled based on the sensor data and the on/off of the pump and valves. When the average soil water content percentage level exceeds 30%, the pump and solenoid valve automatically turned off and vice versa. A Raspberry Pi operating system was used to control the irrigation, and a Raspberry Pi camera system was used to capture the real-time images for monitoring the rice growth and development. A web server was developed to upload and display the sensor values and images using python programing language through the embedded Wi-Fi network service. The web-based monitoring system was allowed to monitor the rice field situation from anywhere and download data from the site. The existing irrigation technique would help to grow the rice in UAE desert soil environments.

Soil Water Measurement as Basis to Optimize Irrigation Scheduling: A Review

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 553f-554
Author(s):  
A.K. Alva ◽  
A. Fares
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
The Impact

Supplemental irrigation is often necessary for high economic returns for most cropping conditions even in humid areas. As irrigation costs continue to increase more efforts should be exerted to minimize these costs. Real time estimation and/or measurement of available soil water content in the crop root zone is one of the several methods used to help growers in making the right decision regarding timing and quantity of irrigation. The gravimetric method of soil water content determination is laborious and doesn't suite for frequent sampling from the same location because it requires destructive soil sampling. Tensiometers, which measure soil water potential that can be converted into soil water content using soil moisture release curves, have been used for irrigation scheduling. However, in extreme sandy soils the working interval of tensiometer is reduced, hence it may be difficult to detect small changes in soil moisture content. Capacitance probes which operate on the principle of apparent dielectric constant of the soil-water-air mixture are extremely sensitive to small changes in the soil water content at short time intervals. These probes can be placed at various depths within and below the effective rooting depth for a real time monitoring of the water content. Based on this continuous monitoring of the soil water content, irrigation is scheduled to replenish the water deficit within the rooting depth while leaching below the root zone is minimized. These are important management practices aimed to increase irrigation efficiency, and nutrient uptake efficiency for optimal crop production, while minimizing the impact of agricultural non-point source pollutants on the groundwater quality.

Young lime tree evapotranspiration measurements in lysimeters with automated irrigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana belén Mira-García ◽  
Juan Vera ◽  
Wenceslao Conejero ◽  
Mª Carmen Ruiz-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Lime Tree

<p>Lime tree growing area is increasing in Mediterranean temperate regions. In these areas, climate change scenario is expected to raise air temperature and water shortages. Such scenario requires new approaches to implement a precision irrigation in agriculture. In order to use water more efficiently, it becomes necessary to accurately determining the crop water needs, which are estimated by crop evapotranspiration computations (ETc). In this study the ETc of young lime trees grown under Mediterranean conditions were determined using the soil water balance method. For this purpose, two-year old lime trees (Citrus latifolia Tan., cv. Bearss) grafted on C. macrophylla rootstock were cultivated in pot-lysimeters, equipped with capacitance and granular matric sensors for real-time monitoring of the soil water status. Irrigation, drainage, and pot weight were also monitored continuously. All measurements were integrated into a telemetry platform. Agro-meteorological variables, plant water status (stem (Ψ<sub>stem</sub>) and leaf (Ψ<sub>leaf</sub>) water potentials), and leaf gas exchange parameters (stomatal conductance (g<sub>s</sub>) and net photosynthesis (P<sub>n</sub>)) were measured. Along the experiment, an automated irrigation protocol based on volumetric soil water content (θ<sub>v</sub>) threshold values were programmed, guaranteeing an adequate lime tree water status. Irrigation dose was calculated based on a feed-back strategy maintaining θ<sub>v </sub>within 30% management allowed depletion.</p><p>During the experimental period, the lime trees were well irrigated as revealed midday Ψ<sub>stem </sub>values that were maintained above -0.8 MPa. Also, the mean seasonal values of ≈ 7 µmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and 80 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, for P<sub>n</sub> and g<sub>s</sub>, respectively, indicated optimal gas exchange values. The computed water balance parameters yielded values for the crop evapotranspiration from 0.25<sup></sup>to 2.56 mm day<sup>-1</sup>, in winter and summer months, respectively, with maximum values in July when evaporative demand conditions were the highest. This soil water balance was daily validated by the pot weight balance through the year.</p><p>In conclusion, the automated irrigation of young potted lime trees, using soil water content as a control system variable, has ensured an adequate lime tree water status. A simple, robust weighing/drainage lysimeter, with real-time monitoring of the soil water balance parameters, has been proved practical and economical tool for crop evapotranspiration measurements.</p><p>Acknowledgments: This work was funded by Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-106226RB-C2-1/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and Fundación Séneca, Región de Murcia (19903/GERM/15) projects.</p>

scholarly journals A High-Throughput Gravimetric Phenotyping Platform for Real-Time Physiological Screening of Plant–Environment Dynamic Responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahan Dalal ◽  
Itamar Shenhar ◽  
Ronny Bourstein ◽  
Amir Mayo ◽  
Yael Grunwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Global Population

ABSTRACTFood security for the growing global population is a major concern. The data provided by genomic tools far exceeds the supply of phenotypic data, creating a knowledge gap. To meet the challenge of improving crops to feed the growing global population, this gap must be bridged.Physiological traits are considered key functional traits in the context of responsiveness or sensitivity to environmental conditions. Many recently introduced high-throughput phenotyping techniques are based on remote sensing or imaging and are capable of directly measuring morphological traits, but measure physiological parameters only indirectly.This paper describes a method for direct physiological phenotyping that has several advantages for the functional phenotyping of plant–environment interactions. It aims to help users overcome the many challenges encountered in the use of load-cell gravimetric systems and pot experiments. The suggested techniques will enable users to distinguish between soil weight, plant weight and soil water content, providing a method for continuous and simultaneous measurement of dynamic soil, plant and atmosphere conditions, alongside key physiological traits. This method allows researchers to closely mimic field stress scenarios while taking into consideration the environment’s effect on the plant’s physiology. This method also minimizes pot effects, which are one of the major problems in pre-field phenotyping. It includes a feedback fertigation system that enables a truly randomized experimental design with a field-like plant density. This system detects the soil-water content limiting threshold (θ) and allows for the translation of data into knowledge through the use of a real-time analytic tool and an online statistical resource. This method for the rapid and direct measurement of the physiological responses of multiple plants to a dynamic environment has great potential for use in screening for beneficial traits associated with responses to abiotic stress, in the context of pre-field breeding and crop improvement.SUMMARYThis high-throughput, whole-plant water relations gravimetric phenotyping method enables direct and simultaneous real-time measurements and analysis of multiple yield-related physiological traits involved in dynamic plant–environment interactions.

scholarly journals MONITORAMENTO DO TEOR DE ÁGUA NO SOLO EM TEMPO REAL COM AS TÉCNICAS DE TDR E FDR

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudinei Fonseca Souza ◽  
Claudio Ricardo Da Silva ◽  
Aderson Soares De Andrade Junior ◽  
Eugênio Ferreira Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Diffusion Of Technology ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Operator Safety

 MONITORAMENTO DO TEOR DE ÁGUA NO SOLO EM TEMPO REAL COM AS TÉCNICAS DE TDR E FDR  CLAUDINEI FONSECA SOUZA¹; CLAUDIO RICARDO DA SILVA2; ADERSON SOARES DE ANDRADE JÚNIOR3 E EUGÊNIO FERREIRA COELHO4 1 Professor Adjunto da Universidade Federal de São Carlos – Rodovia anhanguera km 174 – CP. 153 – CEP 13600-970 - Araras-SP, Brasil. [email protected];2 Professor Adjunto da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – Uberlândia-MG.  [email protected];3 Pesquisador Embrapa - Meio Norte, Teresina – PI. [email protected];4 Pesquisador Embrapa - Mandioca e Fruticultura – Cruz das Almas – BA. [email protected];  1 RESUMO O conhecimento da umidade do solo é de fundamental importância para a agricultura, sobretudo na determinação de sua variação, na otimização do manejo da solução no solo. Para medidas de umidade do solo existe uma tendência de utilização de sondas amostradoras baseadas na técnica de TDR e FDR que, de certa forma, são novas no Brasil. As vantagens são a obtenção precisa das medidas, facilidade de acoplamento a um sistema de coleta de dados, rapidez e segurança ao operador. Entretanto, para que estes equipamentos apresentem desempenho satisfatório é indispensável observar uma série de cuidados e procedimentos simples no preparo, instalação, operação e manutenção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi reunir instruções de como instalar, usar, vantagens e desvantagens, entre outros,  auxiliando assim, na difusão da técnica tanto no meio cientifico como também, em qualquer ambiente que se deseja realizar o monitoramento da umidade do solo em tempo real. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Umidade do solo; Manejo da água no solo; Irrigação; Técnica eletromagnética.  SOUZA, C.F.; SILVA, C.R.; ANDRADE JÚNIOR, A.S.; COELHO, E.F.MONITORING OF SOIL WATER CONTENT IN REAL TIME WITH TDR AND FDR TECHNIQUE  2 ABSTRACT Knowledge of soil moisture is of fundamental importance for agriculture, especially in determining their variation in optimizing the management of the soil solution. For measurements of soil water content there is a tendency to use equipment based on the technique of TDR and FDR that, in a way, are new in Brazil. The advantages are the obtention of precise measures, ease of coupling to a system of data collection, speed and operator safety. However, for these devices to exhibit satisfactory performance is essential to observe a series of simple procedures and care in the preparation, installation, operation and maintenance. The aim of this study was to collaborate with the diffusion of technology, providing instructions upon how to install, use and maintain these equipments in field, under optimal conditions of operation, aiming for real-time monitoring of irrigation. Keywords: Soil water content; Water management; Irrigation; Electromagnetic technique.

scholarly journals The effect of soil water content and biochar on rice cultivation in polybag

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
◽  
Iqbal Effendy
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Waterlogging

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) production is important in the national food of Indonesia. The growth and yield of rice can be increased by the soil water supply and biochar application into the soil in a polybag. Water is a unique material resource that plays a vital role in agriculture. Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained from biomass and can hold water and nutrients, making them more available to plants. The biochar used in this study was made from rice husks. This study aims to determine the effect of soil water content and biochar application in the soil on the growth and yield of rice in the polybag. The experiment appears to be a randomized multifactorial design with one factor being water content and the other being biochar application rate. A completely random design usually suggests only one factor in the experimental design. The first factor was soil water content consisting of two levels, i.e.: field capacity and soil waterlogging. The second factor was the biochar application consisting of four doses i.e.: 0; 14; 28; and 42 tons/ha. The results of the research showed that rice cultivation with soil water-logging is better than field capacity on the tillers number, panicle length, and harvest index. Without biochar application was given higher tillers number, but biochar dose of 14 tons/ha produced wider leaf area. There was a significant interaction between soil water content and biochar application on the dry weight of roots, shoots, and grains. The treatment combination of soil waterlogging and biochar dose of 14 tons/ha was most effective at increasing the growth and yield of rice in a polybag.

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