Proton therapy facilities: an overview of the development in recent years

Abstract Since its discovery in 1946, Proton therapy has continued to overgrow from the number of units installed in various countries and the technology used. This paper aims to provide an overview of the development of proton therapy facilities to date based on a literature review. The results are discussed in several aspects, including its distribution across the globe, beam delivery techniques, dose verification, room layout, and shielding design considerations.

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PD-0906 A static device for novel fast beam delivery techniques in proton therapy

Radiotherapy and Oncology ◽

10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07185-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. S748-S749

Author(s):

K. Nesteruk ◽

A. Lomax ◽

A. Bolsi ◽

D. Meer ◽

S. van de Water ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proton Therapy ◽

Beam Delivery ◽

Delivery Techniques

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Design of Consumables in a Resource-Efficient Economy—A Literature Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1036

Author(s):

Siri Willskytt

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Literature Review ◽

Product Design ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

The Novel ◽

Specific Design ◽

Design Considerations ◽

Life Cycle Perspective ◽

General Product

Consumable products have received less attention in the circular economy (CE), particularly in regard to the design of resource-efficient products. This literature review investigates the extent to which existing design guidelines for resource-efficient products are applicable to consumables. This analysis is divided into two parts. The first investigates the extent to which general product-design guidelines (i.e., applicable to both durables and consumables) are applicable to consumables. This analysis also scrutinizes the type of recommendations presented by the ecodesign and circular product design, to investigate the novel aspects of the CE in product design. The second analysis examines the type of design considerations the literature on product-type specific design guidelines recommends for specific consumables and whether such guidelines are transferable. The analysis of general guidelines showed that, although guidelines are intended to be general and applicable to many types of products, their applicability to consumable products is limited. Less than half of their recommendations can be applied to consumables. The analysis also identified several design considerations that are transferable between product-specific design guidelines. This paper shows the importance of the life-cycle perspective in product design, to maximize the opportunities to improve consumables.

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Advances in Beam Delivery Techniques and Accelerators in Particle Therapy

Advances in Particle Therapy ◽

10.1201/b22229-4 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 37-53

Author(s):

Marco Schippers

Keyword(s):

Particle Therapy ◽

Beam Delivery ◽

Delivery Techniques

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Perceptions, Practices and Principles: Increasing Awareness of ‘Night Sky’ in Urban Landscapes

SURG Journal ◽

10.21083/surg.v5i1.1202 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 54-62

Author(s):

Robin Mosseri

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Public Perception ◽

Light Pollution ◽

Urban Landscapes ◽

Public Realm ◽

Artificial Lighting ◽

Design Considerations ◽

Planning And Design ◽

Night Sky ◽

Natural Cycles

In urban centres the natural cycles of day and night have dramatically been altered by artificial lighting, creating a perpetually lit environment that is rarely considered an issue. Artificial lights are illuminating roadways, structures and public plazas with lighting schemes that are, in most cases, inefficient. Consequently, light pollution has greatly impacted the night by reflecting and refracting light into the atmosphere. Without appropriate consideration of integrating artificial lighting into the urban environment, our “night sky” experience is at risk due to poor approaches to public realm design. This study qualitatively explores light pollution analyzing it based on the environment, society and economy as a whole. A literature review, key informants, and case studies contribute to a greater understanding of light and create a framework to develop a design reference to light efficient urban development. This study examines the need for a shift in public perception, broadening an understanding of the effects of light pollution, and provides design considerations to aid urban night sky awareness, planning and design.

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Fast MCsquare-Based Independent Dose Verification Platform for Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Therapy

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment ◽

10.1177/15330338211033076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 153303382110330

Author(s):

Chunbo Liu ◽

Meng Wei Ho ◽

Jiyeon Park ◽

Wen Chien Hsi ◽

Xiaoying Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proton Therapy ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Dose Calculation ◽

Pencil Beam ◽

Dose Verification ◽

Beam Scanning ◽

Water Phantom ◽

Pencil Beam Scanning ◽

The Absolute ◽

Clinical Cases

Purpose: To commission MCsquare (a multi-cores CPU-based dose calculation engine) for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy, integrate it into RayStation treatment plan system (TPS) to create a dedicated platform for fast independent dose verification. Method: A MCsquare-based independent dose verification platform (MC2InRS) was developed to realize automatic dose re-calculation for clinical use, including data preparation, dose calculation, 2D/3D gamma analysis. MCsquare was commissioned based on in-air lateral dose profiles, integrated depth dose, and the absolute dose of different beam energies for Proteus®ONE. MC2InRS was validated with measurement data using various targets and depths in a water phantom. This study also investigated 15 clinical cases to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of MC2InRS platform in clinic practice. Results: Between simulation and measurement, the distal range differences at 80% (R80) and 20% (R20) dose levels for each energy were below 0.05 mm, and 0.1 mm, respectively, and the absolute dose differences were below 0.5%. 29 out of 36 QA planes reached a 100% gamma passing rate (GPR) for 2%/2mm criteria, and a minimum of 98.3% gamma was obtained in water phantom between simulation and measurement. For the 15 clinical cases investigated, the average 2D GPR (2%/2mm) was 95.4%, 99.3% for MCsquare vs. measurement, MCsquare vs. TPS, respectively. The average 3D GPR (2%/2mm) was 98.9%, 95.3% for MCsquare vs. TPS in water, and computed tomography (CT), respectively. Conclusion: MC2InRS, a fast, independent dose verification platform, has been developed to perform dose verification with high accuracy and efficiency for Pencil Bream Scanning (PBS). Its potential to be applied in routine clinical practice has also been discussed.

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Building a precise machine-specific time structure of the spot and energy delivery model for a cyclotron-based proton therapy system

Physics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1088/1361-6560/ac431c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lewei Zhao ◽

Gang Liu ◽

Weili Zheng ◽

Jiajian Shen ◽

Andrew Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proton Therapy ◽

Switching Time ◽

Specific Model ◽

Clinical Treatment ◽

Main Beam ◽

Log Files ◽

Treatment Plans ◽

Beam Delivery ◽

Precise Machine ◽

Accelerator System

Abstract Objective: We proposed an experimental approach to build a precise machine-specific beam delivery time (BDT) prediction and delivery sequence model for standard, volumetric, and layer repainting delivery based on a cyclotron accelerator system. Approach Test fields and clinical treatment plans’ log files were used to experimentally derive three main beam delivery parameters that impacted BDT: energy layer switching time (ELST), spot switching time (SSWT), and spot drill time (SDT). This derived machine-specific model includes standard, volumetric, and layer repainting delivery sequences. A total of 103 clinical treatment fields were used to validate the model. Main results: The study found that ELST is not stochastic in this specific machine. Instead, it is actually the data transmission time or energy selection time, whichever takes longer. The validation showed that the accuracy of each component of the BDT matches well between machine log files and the model’s prediction. The average total BDT was about (-0.74±3.33)% difference compared to the actual treatment log files, which is improved from the current commercial proton therapy system’s prediction (67.22%±26.19%). Significance: An accurate BDT prediction and delivery sequence model was established for an cyclotron-based proton therapy system IBA ProteusPLUS®. Most institutions could adopt this method to build a machine-specific model for their own proton system.

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