Below the surface

Physics World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 26-27i
Author(s):  
John Budden ◽  
John Allen ◽  
Frank Read
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  

A response to Philip G Judge’s feature article “The enduring mystery of the solar corona” in which he explores the question of why the solar corona is so much hotter than the surface of the Sun.

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
F. G. Smith

Radio astronomy has been expanding into outer space so fast in recent years that it is pleasant to find our own solar system at last receiving the attention it deserves. In this session we are concerned with everything within the system except the sun and our own planet. I start with a question, to which I shall return later: Where does the sun end? In another session you will hear of the experiments on the far-out parts of the solar corona; here we are concerned with interplanetary space as well as with the planets themselves, and what lies within this region may or may not be considered part of the solar corona.


1976 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Steinolfson ◽  
Yoshinari Nakagawa

2000 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
E. N. Parker

The Sun serves as the local physics laboratory for studying the suprathermal activity phenomena of stars. Scrutiny of the Sun has led to the discovery of a host of previously unknown physical effects, largely within the classical physics of Newton and Maxwell, but including quantum mechanics and lepton physics as well.


1957 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 356-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schlüter

The shift of the emitted frequencies towards lower frequencies during a solar outburst is usually interpreted as due to a progressive rarefaction of the emitting gas. If one assumes that the emitted frequency is identical with the plasma frequency and furthermore that the density of the emitting plasma is similar to the density of the solar corona at the location of the radiating material, then it follows that this material is subject to an acceleration throughout the solar corona which compensates or exceeds the effect of the gravitational field of the sun.


1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pätzold ◽  
F.M. Neubauer ◽  
B. Häusler ◽  
W. Eidel ◽  
M.K. Bird
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  

Author(s):  
Anton A. Reva ◽  
Sergey V. Kuzin ◽  
Alexey S. Kirichenko ◽  
Artem S. Ulyanov ◽  
Ivan P. Loboda ◽  
...  

Investigations of solar activity require information about plasma in a wide range of temperatures. Generally, researchers require observations from telescopes producing monochromatic images of coronal plasma with cool, warm, and hot temperatures. Until now, monochromatic telescopic imaging has been made only in the Mg XII 8.42 Å line with the Mg XII spectroheliograph on board CORONAS-I, CORONAS-F, and CORONAS-PHOTON satellites. The Mg XII spectroheliograph used Bragg crystal optics. Its design is based on two main principles: (1) to select the working wavelength and the crystal in such a way that reflection occurs at small incident angles; (2) to use the aperture of the mirror as a spectral filter. We believe that these design principles can be applied to other spectral lines. In this article, we will review the design of the Mg XII spectroheliograph and present our thoughts on how to apply these principles to the Si XIV 6.18 Å and Si XIII 6.65 Å lines. A combination of the monochromatic Mg XII 8.42 Å, Si XIV 6.18 Å, and Si XIII 6.65 Å images will help us to study the dynamics of the hot plasma in the solar corona.


2019 ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Merzlyakov ◽  
Ts. Tsvetkov ◽  
L. Starkova ◽  
R. Miteva

Ground-based total solar eclipse observations are still the key method for coronal investigations. The question about its white-light degree of polarization remains unanswered. There are hypotheses claiming that the degree of polarization in certain regions of the corona may be higher than the maximal theoretically predicted value determined by Thomson scattering. We present polarization of the white-light solar corona observations obtained by three different teams during the March 29, 2006 solar total eclipse. We give an interpretation on how the polarization of the sky impacts brightness of the polarized solar corona, depending on the landscape during the totality. Moreover, it is shown that the singular polarization points of the corona are in linear dependence with the height of the Sun above the horizon.


1994 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
E. V. Tollestrup ◽  
G. G. Fazio ◽  
J. Woolaway ◽  
J. Blackwell ◽  
K. Brecher

Infrared images (1.65 μm) of the eclipsed Sim were taken atop Mauna Kea, Hawaii, during the July 11, 1991 total eclipse with an Amber Engineering 128 × 128 InSb array camera. The camera, mounted on a portable solar tracker, had a 3.8-cm, f/2 objective that produced a 4.9° field of view. The primary objective of the experiment was to search for dust or rocky rings around the Sun, previously detected at about 4 R⊙. High thin clouds, atmospheric dust and aerosols from the June 1991 explosion of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, and the overall brightness of the solar corona resulted in a very high infrared background. Despite this, high signal-to-noise radial infrared intensity profiles were obtained of the solar corona from the Moon's limb out to about 10 R⊙. Preliminary analysis shows some evidence for an enhanced surface brightness between 3 to 4 R⊙ along the east-west direction, but much fainter than seen in previous solar eclipses. The transition region between the K-corona and the F-corona clearly shows at 2.5 R⊙, and the surface brightness of the F-corona as a function of radius (from about 2 to 10 R⊙) can be fit by a simple power law.


1974 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 415-420
Author(s):  
Frank B. McDonald

The charge and isotopic composition of solar cosmic rays potentially contain a wealth of information on the acceleration and confinment of energetic particles at the Sun. As the experimental techniques have improved and with the increasing number of measurements, this potential is now being realized. It is convenient to divide the composition studies into three areas: (a) helium-iron, with energies >10 MeV nuc−1; (b) helium-iron, and the trans-iron elements, with energies <2 MeV nuc−1; (c) the isotopic composition. In the first area at energies above 10 MeV nuc−1 the solar cosmic rays appear to provide a representative sample of the solar corona. At lower energies (b) complex enhancement effects are noted. These increase with Z and decrease with energy. This result as well as the high abundance of 3He suggest that the acceleration process is not a simple one and probably several stages are required.


1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Wild

The first meaningful observation with the 80 MHz Cul-goora radioheliograph was made on 2 September 1967, a few weeks before the instrument was officially commissioned. Systematic observations, normally for 4 to 6 hours per day, began late in February 1968 and the Sun has since been observed on 438 days. The remaining days and many nights have been used for investigations of radio sources and the interplanetary medium and for maintenance and instrumental extension. The standard of reliability thus achieved has been due to the sustained efforts of K. V. Sheridan, W. J. Payten, K. R. McAlister, M. Beard and their colleagues. These first two years have been a period mainly of exploration—a phase of great interest to those engaged in observing, though possibly bewildering to those not. The present review is a first attempt to collate and summarize what has so far been found and where possible to draw preliminary conclusions. The observations to be described and their discussion have been due to a joint effort on the part of a number of workers, particularly G. A. Dulk (on leave from the University of Colorado), K. Kai (on leave from the University of Tokyo), N. R. Labrum, D. J. McLean, A. C. Riddle, K. V. Sheridan, S. F. Smerd, R. T. Stewart, and the present writer. The period has also seen considerable development in the evolution of intricate computer programmes for analysing the data, particularly on the part of L. H. Heisler and D. J. McLean.


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