Targeted Therapies to Reduce Side Effects in Modern Drug Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 24-26, 28
Author(s):  
Fay Lin
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Modern Drug

scholarly journals Cardiooncology—dealing with modern drug treatment, long-term complications, and cancer survivorship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia de Wall ◽  
Johann Bauersachs ◽  
Dominik Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects ◽  
Modern Drug

AbstractModern treatment strategies have improved prognosis and survival of patients with malignant diseases. The key components of tumor treatment are conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Cardiovascular side-effects may occur in the early phase of tumor therapy or even decades later. Therefore, knowledge and awareness of acute and long-lasting cardiac side effects of anti-cancer therapies are essential. Cardiotoxicity impairs quality of life and overall survival. The new cardiologic subspecialty ‘cardio-oncology’ deals with the different cardiovascular problems arising from tumor treatment and the relationship between cancer and heart diseases. Early detection and treatment of cardiotoxicity is of crucial importance. A detailed cardiac assessment of patients prior to administration of cardiotoxic agents, during and after treatment should be performed in all patients. The current review focusses on acute and long-term cardiotoxic side effects of classical cytotoxic and selected modern drug treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and discusses strategies for the diagnosis of treatment-related adverse cardiovascular effects in cancer patients.

Novel Targeted Therapies: A Challenge for Drug Development

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. S4
Author(s):  
Chandra P. Belani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Targeted Therapies

Potential Phytochemical Nanoemulsions in the Treatment of Oral Cancer and Oral Health

2022 ◽  
pp. 330-353
Author(s):  
Dharmeswar Barhoi ◽  
Sweety Nath Barbhuiya ◽  
Sarbani Giri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Free Form ◽  
New Drug Development

Oral cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and lifestyle factors like extensive consumption of tobacco, betel quid, and alcohol are the major etiological factors of oral cancer. Treatment of oral cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, but this treatment possesses lots of side effects. Therefore, scientists and medical experts are utilizing natural products and medicinal plants for new drug development. Natural products and phytochemicals showed better efficacy with less toxicity. However, most of the phytochemicals showed poor permeability and less bioavailability. To combat this problem, scientists developed nanosized nanoemulsions of phytochemicals to treat various ailments. Nanoemulsions of phytochemicals exhibited better efficacy than their free form due to increased permeability and bioavailability. Numerous phytopharmaceuticals have been formulated for nanoemulsions to date and tested for their anticancer potential against various cancers, including oral cancer and oral health management.

An Introduction to the Basic Concepts in QSAR-Aided Drug Design

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud ◽  
Babak Sokouti ◽  
Siavoush Dastmalchi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Qsar Modeling ◽  
Qsar Studies ◽  
Modern Drug

The need for the development of new drugs to combat existing and newly identified conditions is unavoidable. One of the important tools used in the advanced drug development pipeline is computer-aided drug design. Traditionally, to find a drug many ligands were synthesized and evaluated for their effectiveness using suitable bioassays and if all other drug-likeness features were met, the candidate(s) would possibly reach the market. Although this approach is still in use in advanced format, computational methods are an indispensable component of modern drug development projects. One of the methods used from very early days of rationalizing the drug design approaches is Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR). This chapter overviews QSAR modeling steps by introducing molecular descriptors, mathematical model development for relating biological activities to molecular structures, and model validation. At the end, several successful cases where QSAR studies were used extensively are presented.

An Introduction to the Basic Concepts in QSAR-Aided Drug Design

Oncology ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 20-66
Author(s):  
Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud ◽  
Babak Sokouti ◽  
Siavoush Dastmalchi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Qsar Modeling ◽  
Qsar Studies ◽  
Modern Drug

The need for the development of new drugs to combat existing and newly identified conditions is unavoidable. One of the important tools used in the advanced drug development pipeline is computer-aided drug design. Traditionally, to find a drug many ligands were synthesized and evaluated for their effectiveness using suitable bioassays and if all other drug-likeness features were met, the candidate(s) would possibly reach the market. Although this approach is still in use in advanced format, computational methods are an indispensable component of modern drug development projects. One of the methods used from very early days of rationalizing the drug design approaches is Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR). This chapter overviews QSAR modeling steps by introducing molecular descriptors, mathematical model development for relating biological activities to molecular structures, and model validation. At the end, several successful cases where QSAR studies were used extensively are presented.

scholarly journals Periungual Pyogenic Granuloma-Like Lesions During Isotretinoin Treatment for Acne: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Štilet ◽  
Miloš D. Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Pyogenic Granuloma ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Idiosyncratic Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Toxicity ◽  
Dermatologic Toxicity ◽  
Isotretinoin Therapy

Abstract Periungual pyogenic granuloma-like lesions are not uncommon side effects of isotretinoin therapy, but these cases are relatively infrequently reported. Excessive granulation tissue appeared in two patients receiving oral isotretinoin therapy for severe acne. Once isotretinoin was discontinued, the outgrowths resolved spontaneously in both patients. It is probably an idiosyncratic reaction to isotretinoin which renders the skin more susceptible to extracellular matrix and blood vessel formation. Moreover, similar lesions may be observed particularly with newer targeted therapies, such as inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MEKs). EGFR inhibitors associated painful periungual inflammation (paronychia), which often arises from the nail wall during newer targeted therapies, has been classified in the third major group of dermatologic toxicity. Cutaneous toxicity may be interpreted as a stress response that affects epidermal homeostasis. In the cell, stress signals are transmitted to effectors which then produce an inflammatory response. In conclusion, paronychia and excessive granulation tissue in the nail folds are not uncommon side effects of oral retinoids. It is therefore particularly important for practicing dermatologists to be aware that the best management approach is drug discontinuation.

Dermatological side effects of immunotherapy drugs and targeted cancer therapies: Importance of dermatology and oncology collaboration

2020 ◽  
pp. 107815522097062
Author(s):  
Uğur Çelik ◽  
Ertuğrul H Aydemir ◽  
Burhan Engin ◽  
Muazzez Ç Oba ◽  
Mesut Yılmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapies ◽  
Dermatological Side Effects ◽  
Skin Side Effects

Introduction Novel anti-cancer drugs such as targeted cancer therapies and immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs) have adverse events, especially concerning the skin. The aim of this study is to report an overview of the commonly consulted dermatological side effects of ICIs and targeted cancer therapies in clinical practice, along with their management. Methods In this single-center study, we evaluated consecutive oncological patients who were referred from the oncology outpatient clinic to the dermatology outpatient clinic due to skin side effects of ICIs and targeted therapies. All patients were examined and treated at the same day of referral by experienced dermatologists. Patient characteristics, clinical findings, diagnostic workups and treatments were retrieved from outpatient records. Results Sixty three patients were enrolled. Most common diagnoses were lung carcinoma, melanoma and colon carcinoma. Fifty patients (79%) were using targeted therapies while 13 (21%) were using ICIs. Xerosis was the most common side effect (44%), followed by acneiform rash, paronychia, eczema and pruritus. Majority of the side effects were grade 2 and 3. Psoriasis was a common side effect of ICIs. One patient had a newly developed dysplastic nevus on vemurafenib treatment. Oncological treatment was not withheld in any of the patients. Conclusions This study revealed the most commonly consulted skin side effects of novel anti-cancer drugs and their management in daily practice. We underlie the importance of collaborative work of oncology and dermatology professionals as early management of cutaneous side effects of targeted therapies and ICIs improves patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Novel Compounds Active against Leishmania major

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie St. George ◽  
Jeanette V. Bishop ◽  
Richard G. Titus ◽  
Claude P. Selitrennikoff
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Murine Macrophage ◽  
Sodium Stibogluconate ◽  
Chemical Library ◽  
Old World ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Unique Chemical

ABSTRACT Leishmania major is an important trypanosomatid pathogen that causes leishmaniasis, which is a serious disease in much of the Old World. Current treatments include a small number of antimony compounds that, while somewhat effective, are limited by serious side effects. We have screened a small portion of a unique chemical library and have found at least three novel compounds that are effective against L. tarentolae and L. major in vitro and in a murine macrophage model of L. major infection. These compounds were effective in both assays at doses significantly lower than those of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) and represent possible candidates for drug development.

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