scholarly journals Risk of African Swine Fever Virus Sylvatic Establishment and Spillover to Domestic Swine in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 506-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian D. Wormington ◽  
Andrew Golnar ◽  
Karen C. Poh ◽  
Rebekah C. Kading ◽  
Estelle Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Domestic Swine

scholarly journals Reviewing the Potential Vectors and Hosts of African Swine Fever Virus Transmission in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 512-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Golnar ◽  
Estelle Martin ◽  
Jillian D. Wormington ◽  
Rebekah C. Kading ◽  
Pete D. Teel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fever Virus

scholarly journals Reviewing the Potential Vectors and Hosts of African Swine Fever Virus Transmission in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Golnar ◽  
Estelle Martin ◽  
Jillian Wormington ◽  
Rebekah Kading ◽  
Pete Teel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fever Virus

scholarly journals An African swine fever virus ORF with similarity to C-type lectins is non-essential for growth in swine macrophages in vitro and for virus virulence in domestic swine

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 2693-2697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Neilan ◽  
M. V. Borca ◽  
Z. Lu ◽  
G. F. Kutish ◽  
S. B. Kleiboeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Mrna Transcription ◽  
Host Cell Interactions ◽  
Lectin Family ◽  
Virus Replication Cycle ◽  
Domestic Swine

An African swine fever virus (ASFV) ORF, 8CR, with similarity to the C-type lectin family of adhesion proteins has been described in the pathogenic isolate Malawi Lil-20/1. The similarity of 8CR to cellular and poxvirus genes associated with cell adhesion, cell recognition and virus infectivity suggested that 8CR may be of significance to ASFV–host cell interactions. Sequence analysis of the 8CR ORF from additional pathogenic ASFV isolates demonstrated conservation among isolates from both pig and tick sources. Northern blot analysis demonstrated 8CR mRNA transcription late in the virus replication cycle. A Malawi Lil-20/1 8CR deletion mutant (Δ8CR) was constructed to analyse 8CR function further. The growth characteristics in vitro of Δ8CR in porcine macrophage cell cultures were identical to those observed for parental virus. In domestic swine, Δ8CR exhibited an unaltered parental Malawi Lil- 20/1 disease and virulence phenotype. Thus, although well conserved among pathogenic ASFV field isolates, 8CR is non-essential for growth in porcine macrophages in vitro and for virus virulence in domestic swine.

scholarly journals The excretion of two virulent strains of African swine fever virus by domestic pigs

1970 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Greig ◽  
W. Plowright
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Domestic Swine

SUMMARYDaily observations were made on the excretion of African swine fever (ASF) virus by pigs infected intranasally or by contact. Two strains of virus having mean death times of approximately 3 and 6 days were used, the latter being recently isolated from a warthog.First excretion usually occurred by the nasopharyngeal route, as early as 1 or 2 days before the onset of fever in many cases. The titres of pharyngeal and nasal swabs rose rapidly to reach mean levels of about 104–106 HAD 50 at 48–72 hr. following the onset of pyrexia. Virus in the secretions of the conjunctiva or lower urogenital tract appeared later and did not attain such high levels. Faecal and urinary excretion was of relatively little significance, except in slower infections caused by the recent warthog virus.These results are discussed in relation to the known failure of infected pigs to transmit the disease to stallmates during the first 12–24 hr. of pyrexia and also in relation to recent work on the pathogenesis of ASF in domestic swine.

scholarly journals Autophagy impairment by African swine fever virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth L. Shimmon ◽  
Joshua Y. K. Hui ◽  
Thomas E. Wileman ◽  
Christopher L. Netherton
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Functional Step ◽  
Complex Protein ◽  
Autophagy Pathway ◽  
Domestic Swine

African swine fever is a devastating disease of domestic swine and wild boar caused by a large double-stranded DNA virus that encodes for more than 150 open reading frames. There is no licensed vaccine for the disease and the most promising current candidates are modified live viruses that have been attenuated by deletion of virulence factors. Like many viruses African swine fever virus significantly alters the host cell machinery to benefit its replication and viral genes that modify host pathways represent promising targets for development of gene deleted vaccines. Autophagy is an important cellular pathway that is involved in cellular homeostasis, innate and adaptive immunity and therefore is manipulated by a number of different viruses. Autophagy is regulated by a complex protein cascade and here we show that African swine fever virus can block formation of autophagosomes, a critical functional step of the autophagy pathway through at least two different mechanisms. Interestingly this does not require the A179L gene that has been shown to interact with Beclin-1, an important autophagy regulator.

scholarly journals Assessment of biosecurity policies and practices for the control of African swine fever virus on Ukrainian pig farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
D. Ragland ◽  
R. M. Pogranichniy ◽  
O. S. Yurchenko ◽  
V. V. Bashinskiy ◽  
A. P. Gerilovych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
Policies And Practices

With monetary support from the United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA FAS), an investigative effort was undertaken to document the biosecurity practices employed by commercial pig producers in Ukraine to prevent the introduction of African swine fever virus (ASFV) on their farms. The cohort of farms selected and evaluated were owned by producers who were active members of the Association of Ukrainian Pig Breeders (AUPB). The assessment of biosecurity policies and practices consisted of an interview and in-person completion of a questionnaire that evaluated various aspects of biosecurity practices used on pig farms in Ukraine. The results of the interviews and completion of survey questionnaires support the conclusion that Ukrainian pig producers recognize the importance of farm biosecurity as it relates to preventing ASFV introduction on their farms and all the participating farms had biosecurity policies that were in force at the time of completion of the questionnaire. However, the results also support the conclusion that significant gaps in understanding about biosecurity exists and that there is a need for more education of Ukrainian pig producers about this critical aspect of health management and disease control. The broad impact of the project detailed that prospective, more comprehensive work on Ukrainian pig farms is required to adequately assist producers with ASFV control and effective applications of biosecurity

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