Influence of siderophores and iron on Mycobacterium bovis isolation from pathological material

The article presents the results of studying the effect of siderophores and iron on the isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from pathological material. It has been established that the simultaneous presence of iron and siderophore from M. phlei in the nutrient medium makes it possible to detect the growth of M. bovis from pathological material 6–8 days earlier; ensures the growth of more colonies and bacterial mass. The presence of heterologous to mycobacteria siderophore (from Nocardia spp.) in the medium reduces the elective (growth) properties of the medium. Siderophores found in the culture filtrate or alcoholic extract of M. phlei can be valuable additives to culture media for the accelerated isolation of M. bovis from pathological material

Development of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Brucella ovis DNA in clinical samples

The etiological agent of infectious ovine epididymitis is Brucella ovis and for its direct indication in clinical samples several PCR protocols are proposed. This study describes a design and selection of the oligonucleotides for real-time PCR targeting conservative BOV_A0504 gene. The specificity of a real-time PCR was validated using 25 B. ovis field isolates and 14 microorganisms of closely related species. The detection limit of B. ovis in bacterial culture was determined as 3.5×101 CFU/mL with Ct value of 37.8. There are no detectable fluorescence signals in the clinical samples from intact animals, whereas bacteriologically confirmed material such as urine and testicle tissue samples were positive. It confirms that the assay is highly specific for detection of B. ovis DNA. Thus, the proposed real-time PCR assay enables fast detection and quantification of B. ovis in clinical material, which can be used as additional test for estimation of the health status of a sheep herd

Development of ‘Bondarmine’ disinfectant formulation and study of its Tuberculosis effect

The article presents the results of studying the bactericidal properties of the disinfectant ‘Bondarmin’, consisting of potassium peroxymonosulfate, sulfonol (surfactant), adipic acid (hexanedioic acid), and sodium chloride. The active component of the preparation is potassium peroxymonosulfate (KHSO5), which being HSO5 ion in solution, has an oxidizing effect on the cysteine moieties of microorganism proteins. The highest oxidation-reduction potential is achieved in an acidic medium (pH 2.0–2.3), which is provided by a buffer additive — adipic acid, as well as additionally the presence of sodium chloride in the solution, which creates a high ionic force of the solution, and therefore contributes to the high osmotic pressure of the solution — important factors of biocidal action. KHSO5 slowly oxidizes chlorides to chlorine, which has an additional bactericidal effect (high availability of disinfectant to internal surfaces). Studies on the bactericidal properties of the ‘Bondarmin’ disinfectant were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations ‘Determination of bactericidal properties of disinfectants, disinfection and control of its quality in tuberculosis of farm animals’. Experimental studies have established bactericidal effect of disinfectant ‘Bondarmin’ in concentration 1.0% per exposure of 3 hr in relation to atypical mycobacteria M. fortuitum and tuberculosis pathogens M. bovis and M. avium

Monitoring of the quality compliance of boiled sausages with the requirements of the national standard and legislation

It is important to remember that the most important factor in forming the adult health is the proper diet of children. Despite the growing interest in a healthy lifestyle and diet all over the world, society tends to continue buying ready-made food, the use of which is associated with saving time on cooking. In Ukraine, the traditional meat products are sausage products, in particular, sausages. Studies of the diet of modern schoolchildren show that 35% of respondents constantly consume sausages. It is important to take into account that the main circumstance for the benefit of a food product is its safety for human consumption. The purpose of this work has been to analyze the compliance of certain indicators of safety and quality of sausages of the premium grade ‘Dytiachi’, which are manufactured by various domestic producers, to the requirements of DSTU 4436: 2005 ‘Boiled sausages, frankfurters, sardellas, meat loaves. General specifications’. The results of the analysis of the labeling of sausages ‘Dytiachi’ are presented in the article. They are testifying that in accordance with demanding to paragraph 1 of article 6 of the Law of Ukraine ‘About information for consumers about food products’ the labels contain basic production and consumer information. At the same time, there is no information provided by article 23 of this law on the labels of the samples: namely the mass of saturated fat and salt. It was also found that as a labeling part of the tested samples (No. 1, 2, and 4) the manufacturers use the statement ‘Recommended for diet of preschool aged children (from 3 years) and children of school age’, which is compliance/consistent with the text of DSTU 4436:2005 ‘Boiled sausages, frankfurters, sardellas, meat loaves. General specifications’, but, contradict to articles 1 and 4 of part 4 of ‘Requirements for claims on the nutritional value of foods and claims on the health benefits of foods’. According to the results of the study of the chemical composition, it was found that in the sample No. 2 the mass fraction of table salt was 2.11 ± 0.14%, which exceeds the content regulated by the state standard by 0.11%

Epidemic situation of Avian influenza in Ukraine and in the world during 2019–2020

The aim of the work was to analyze current epidemic situation on highly pathogenic avian influenza worldwide and in Ukraine during 2019–2020. The research was conducted in the framework of state control of infectious animal diseases. The results of PCR tests obtained in the State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise and in regional state laboratories, data of OIE website (http://www.oie.int) in 2019 and 2020 were analyzed and summarized. During 2019–2020 outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza were detected in 53 countries of the World: in Europe — 22, in Asia — 21, in Africa — 7, in America — 2, and in Australia — 1. In 2019 there was not registered any case of the highly pathogenic avian influenza in Ukraine. In 2020 nine outbreaks of avian influenza were registered in commercial poultry farms (n = 2) and backyards (n = 7) of Vinnytsia, Mykolaiv, Kyiv, and Kherson regions of Ukraine. It was confirmed that all characterized viruses were closely related and belonged to the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b identical to the avian influenza viruses currently circulating in Europe and Asia. Wild birds were identified as the main modes of HPAIV spread

Experimental-clinical analysis of some aspects of the Coronaviruses emergence in piggery during 1987–2020

The paper presents an analysis of own clinical and experimental data on the participation of ducks in the possible emergence of swine alpha-coronavirus — a virus of endemic diarrhea (PED-CoV), as well as of the porcine beta-coronavirus threats (hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, PHE-CoV) in the COVID pandemia context. The coronavirus of duck enteritis (DE-CoV) was studied in the nineties of the twentieth century: biodiversity of its morphology includes the morphological variants identical to the morphology of PED-CoV and PHE-CoV. Moreover, hemagglutinins of all these viruses have a bilateral affinity among them on the level 24–42%. Obtained data suggest the real risk of ducks’ participation in the emergence of at least alpha-coronavirus infections in pigs. There are also threats of the emergence of porcine beta-coronavirus infection under the influence of COVID-19 in industrial pig herds

Prolonged hypoxia induced melanotic pseudotumors in the larvae of blood-sucking mosquitoes

It was found that the presence of mosquito eggs in artificially created conditions of prolonged hypoxia causes the appearance of numerous melanotic pseudotumors in the larvae hatching from such eggs. In the cells of melanotic pseudotumors multilayer concentric membrane-like structures were found in the cytoplasm. In the immediate vicinity of such membranes, small spherical virus-like particles (VLP) with a diameter of about 30 nm were observed. The possible role of hypoxia in the development of melanotic pseudotumors of mosquito larvae is discussed

Assessment of biosecurity policies and practices for the control of African swine fever virus on Ukrainian pig farms

With monetary support from the United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA FAS), an investigative effort was undertaken to document the biosecurity practices employed by commercial pig producers in Ukraine to prevent the introduction of African swine fever virus (ASFV) on their farms. The cohort of farms selected and evaluated were owned by producers who were active members of the Association of Ukrainian Pig Breeders (AUPB). The assessment of biosecurity policies and practices consisted of an interview and in-person completion of a questionnaire that evaluated various aspects of biosecurity practices used on pig farms in Ukraine. The results of the interviews and completion of survey questionnaires support the conclusion that Ukrainian pig producers recognize the importance of farm biosecurity as it relates to preventing ASFV introduction on their farms and all the participating farms had biosecurity policies that were in force at the time of completion of the questionnaire. However, the results also support the conclusion that significant gaps in understanding about biosecurity exists and that there is a need for more education of Ukrainian pig producers about this critical aspect of health management and disease control. The broad impact of the project detailed that prospective, more comprehensive work on Ukrainian pig farms is required to adequately assist producers with ASFV control and effective applications of biosecurity

First report of Canine brucellosis in Ukraine: Pathogen isolation and characterization

For the first time in Ukraine we confirmed canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis. The bacterium was isolated from testicles of three-year-old male Labrador retriever with orchitis and epididymitis. Initially blood serum sample was positive in cCFT, AGID and LFIA. In addition to the pathogen isolation and identification by biochemical test and PCR, the antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed that showed sensitive of B. canis to the commonly used antibiotics, which should be taken into account for the further therapy

Epidemiological features of Lumpy skin disease of the large ruminants: Review of literature

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease in cattle, characterized by nodules on the surface of the skin and which can have serious economic consequences. Starting from 2014, new outbreaks of LSD in the world and its spread to Central Asia and the Middle East are noted. Due to the huge economic impact on the economy, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has classified LSD as a particularly dangerous disease that needs to be notified. The analysis of the literature on LSD shows that many issues remain unstudied and require appropriate research to be carried out. In connection with the difficult epizootic situation and the threat of further spread of the virus, the urgent task is the study of biological properties of the causative agent with a view of development the specific prophylactic agents that would allow to prevent the spread of infection in a short time