scholarly journals Note on the projections of the absolute acceleration in relative motion

1902 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
G. O. James
Keyword(s):  
Relative Motion ◽  
Absolute Acceleration ◽  
The Absolute

scholarly journals Newton’s Scholium on Time, Space, Place and Motion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rynasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Motion ◽  
Absolute Space ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
True Motion ◽  
Absolute Motion ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Quantity ◽  
Rotating Bucket

In the Scholium to the Definitions at the beginning of the Principia, Newton distinguishes absolute time, space, place, and motion from their relative counterparts. He argues that they are indeed ontologically distinct, in that the absolute quantity cannot be reduced to some particular category of the relative, as Descartes had attempted by defining absolute motion to be relative motion with respect to immediately ambient bodies. Newton’s rotating bucket experiment, rather than attempting to show that absolute motion exists, is one of five arguments from the properties, causes, and effects of motion. These arguments attempt to show that no such program can succeed, and thus that true motion can be adequately analyzed only by invoking immovable places, that is, the parts of absolute space.

scholarly journals Performance of TMDI for Tall Building Damping

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Felix Weber ◽  
Peter Huber ◽  
Fredrik Borchsenius ◽  
Christian Braun
Keyword(s):  
Mass Matrix ◽  
Vibration Reduction ◽  
Tuned Mass Damper ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Realistic Case ◽  
Absolute Acceleration ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Mass Damper ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Bending Modes

This study investigates the vibration reduction of tall wind-excited buildings using a tuned mass damper (TMD) with an inerter (TMDI). The performance of the TMDI is computed as a function of the floor to which the inerter is grounded as this parameter strongly influences the vibration reduction of the building and for the case when the inerter is grounded to the earth whereby the absolute acceleration of the corresponding inerter terminal is zero. Simulations are made for broadband and harmonic excitations of the first three bending modes, and the conventional TMD is used as a benchmark. It is found that the inerter performs best when grounded to the earth because, then, the inerter force is in proportion to the absolute acceleration of only the pendulum mass, but not to the relative acceleration of the two inerter terminals, which is demonstrated by the mass matrix. However, if the inerter is grounded to a floor below the pendulum mass, the TMDI only outperforms the TMD if the inerter is grounded to a floor within approximately the first third of the building’s height. For the most realistic case, where the inerter is grounded to a floor in the vicinity of the pendulum mass, the TMDI performs far worse than the classical TMD.

Réaction séquentielle : influence de différents paramètres

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (21) ◽  
pp. 2233-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisèle Goulard
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Final State ◽  
Sequential Reaction ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Cross Section Formula ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Energy Dependent

Given a sequential reaction at low energies A + B → C* → D + G* → D + E + F, we previously derived a cross-section formula which corresponds to the detection of two final-state particles. In this expression of σL some energy-dependent terms appear which are related to the relative motion of D–G* and E–F. In this paper, we study their influence on the absolute value of σL for the special reaction 11B + p → 3α at incident energies of 2.65 MeV and 163 keV and also the variations of σL with the parameters of α–α scattering.

scholarly journals When perception is stronger than physics: Perceptual similarities rather than laws of physics govern the perception of interacting objects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Pastukhov ◽  
Lisa Koßmann ◽  
Claus-Christian Carbon
Keyword(s):  
Relative Motion ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Perceptual State ◽  
Stimulus Properties ◽  
Statistical Knowledge ◽  
Absolute Motion ◽  
Embedded Knowledge ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
The Absolute

AbstractWhen several multistable displays are viewed simultaneously, their perception is synchronized, as they tend to be in the same perceptual state. Here, we investigated the possibility that perception may reflect embedded statistical knowledge of physical interaction between objects for specific combinations of displays and layouts. We used a novel display with two ambiguously rotating gears and an ambiguous walker-on-a-ball display. Both stimuli produce a physically congruent perception when an interaction is possible (i.e., gears counterrotate, and the ball rolls under the walker’s feet). Next, we gradually manipulated the stimuli to either introduce abrupt changes to the potential physical interaction between objects or keep it constant despite changes in the visual stimulus. We characterized the data using four different models that assumed (1) independence of perception of the stimulus, (2) dependence on the stimulus’s properties, (3) dependence on physical configuration alone, and (4) an interaction between stimulus properties and a physical configuration. We observed that for the ambiguous gears, the perception was correlated with the stimulus changes rather than with the possibility of physical interaction. The perception of walker-on-a-ball was independent of the stimulus but depended instead on whether participants responded about a relative motion of two objects (perception was biased towards physically congruent motion) or the absolute motion of the walker alone (perception was independent of the rotation of the ball). None of the two experiments supported the idea of embedded knowledge of physical interaction.

scholarly journals General approach to finding the kinematic characteristics of the drives of plane mechanisms with the application of frene-serret frame and frenet formulas

1970 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
S Pylypaks ◽  
A Chepignyi
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Junction Point ◽  
Planar Mechanisms ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Law ◽  
Fixed System

The crank pivotally linked to the mechanism link for most planar mechanisms is a driven link. The junction point of the crank and the slave link describes the circle as it is rotated. In the article, we propose to place the apex of the triangles at the point of connection. In this case, we will direct the principal normal normal to the center of the circle, and arrange the tangent tangent tangent to the circle (combine with the velocity vector of the crank). Based on this location, the crank will also rotate when rotating the crank, with the main normal being the same as the crank. The trajectories and speed of the crank in a circle will depend on the angular speed of rotation of the crank. The basic idea of the article is to find the kinematic characteristics of the motion of the junction point of the crank and the driven link, when it makes relative motion in the coordinate system, and the moving system moves relatively stationary under a certain law. Thus the rotation of the driven link around the apex of the triangles and the movement together with it determines the motion of the driven link with respect to the fixed coordinate system. The position of the guided link is in the projections on the triangular orths and is converted to the axis of the fixed system. In the same way, we find the absolute trajectory of movement of the point of the link, which in turn allows us to determine the speed and acceleration of the same point. The dependencies obtained are common to the driven links of the mechanism pivotally connected to the crank. For each mechanism it is only necessary to find the law of rotation of the driven link in the system of rolling triangles. We give some examples of finding the law of the rotation of the driven link for some mechanisms, as well as graphs of change of speed and acceleration of individual points of the driven link.

scholarly journals Optimization of Classical Hydraulic Engine Mounts Based on RMS Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christopherson ◽  
G. Nakhaie Jazar
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Absolute Acceleration ◽  
Engine Mounts ◽  
Engine Mount ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Time Domain Response ◽  
The Time Domain

Based on RMS averaging of the frequency response functions of the absolute acceleration and relative displacement transmissibility, optimal parameters describing the hydraulic engine mount are determined to explain the internal mount geometry. More specifically, it is shown that a line of minima exists to define a relationship between the absolute acceleration and relative displacement transmissibility of a sprung mass using a hydraulic mount as a means of suspension. This line of minima is used to determine several optimal systems developed on the basis of different clearance requirements, hence different relative displacement requirements, and compare them by means of their respective acceleration and displacement transmissibility functions. In addition, the transient response of the mount to a step input is also investigated to show the effects of the optimization upon the time domain response of the hydraulic mount.

Dynamic Collision Detection Using Swept Solids

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ganter ◽  
J. J. Uicker
Keyword(s):  
Relative Motion ◽  
Collision Detection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solid Modeling ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Given

The detection of collisions in an environment composed of two three-dimensional bodies traversing independent general three-dimensional trajectories is accomplished through the use of swept solids and solid modeling techniques. A swept solid represents the space volumetrically swept out by the motion of a given body along a given trajectory. A swept solid is created for each of the bodies in the given environment. Using the swept solids created for each body, calculations (solid modeling boolean intersections) can be performed to determine if these swept solids intersect. If the original bodies will collide while traversing their given trajectories, then their swept solids will statically interfere. Further, an object comprising the volume of the intersection can be created if the bodies do, in fact, interfere. This object can be thought of as the “volume of interference.” Enhancements to this technique provide for the formation of swept solids using relative motion. Through these enhancements, only one swept solid need be created since the absolute motions can be converted to motion of one body relative to another body. Therefore, intersection calculations may be performed between one relative swept solid and the original body.

How Gate Setup and Turn Radii Influence Energy Dissipation in Slalom Ski Racing

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matej Supej ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Absolute Acceleration ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
In The Beginning

This study examined whether gate setup and turn radii influence energy dissipation in slalom skiing. 3D kinematical measurements were performed over two runs on the same slope in a WC slalom competition with two different gate setups: 1) open gates (OG) and 2) open gates with a delayed gate (DG). Using the arithmetic mean of the skis’ turn radii (RAMS) the slalom turns were divided into 1) initiation phase (RAMS> 15m) and steering phase (RAMS< 15m). The results show differences between OG and DG regarding: 1) the absolute center of gravity’s (CG) velocity, 2) absolute acceleration, 3) CG turn radii andRAMS, 4) ground reaction forces (F) and 5) energy dissipation during skiing (allp< .05). In both gate setups the highestFand the highest energy dissipation were present in the steering phase, whereas the correlation betweenRAMSand energy dissipation was low (OG:r= .364 and DG:r= .214, bothp< .001). In summary, compared with plain open gates, an additional delayed gate prolonged the turn radii and decreased energy dissipation in the beginning of the initiation phase, despite the fact that the relative frequency of occurrence of the highest energy dissipation was higher in DG.

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