scholarly journals The eps8 Family of Proteins Links Growth Factor Stimulation to Actin Reorganization Generating Functional Redundancy in the Ras/Rac Pathway

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Offenhäuser ◽  
Alessandro Borgonovo ◽  
Andrea Disanza ◽  
Pascale Romano ◽  
Isabella Ponzanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Functional Redundancy ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Lipid Kinase ◽  
Actin Remodeling ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange Factor ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase ◽  
Related Proteins

Sos-1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), eps8 and Abi1, two signaling proteins, and the lipid kinase phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K), assemble in a multimolecular complex required for Rac activation leading to actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Consistently, eps8 –/– fibroblasts fail to form membrane ruffles in response to growth factor stimulation. Surprisingly, eps8 null mice are healthy, fertile, and display no overt phenotype, suggesting the existence of functional redundancy within this pathway. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of a family of eps8-related proteins, comprising three novel gene products, named eps8L1, eps8L2, and eps8L3. Eps8Ls display collinear topology and 27–42% identity to eps8. Similarly to eps8, eps8Ls interact with Abi1 and Sos-1; however, only eps8L1 and eps8L2 activate the Rac-GEF activity of Sos-1, and bind to actin in vivo. Consistently, eps8L1 and eps8L2, but not eps8L3, localize to PDGF-induced, F-actin–rich ruffles and restore receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated actin remodeling when expressed in eps8 –/– fibroblasts. Thus, the eps8Ls define a novel family of proteins responsible for functional redundancy in the RTK-activated signaling pathway leading to actin remodeling. Finally, the patterns of expression of eps8 and eps8L2 in mice are remarkably overlapping, thus providing a likely explanation for the lack of overt phenotype in eps8 null mice.

scholarly journals Phosphoinositide 3-kinase activates Rac by entering in a complex with Eps8, Abi1, and Sos-1

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metello Innocenti ◽  
Emanuela Frittoli ◽  
Isabella Ponzanelli ◽  
John R. Falck ◽  
Saskia M. Brachmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Signaling Complex ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange Factor ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase

Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are implicated in many cellular responses controlled by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Within this pathway, Rac is a key downstream target/effector of PI3K. However, how the signal is routed from PI3K to Rac is unclear. One possible candidate for this function is the Rac-activating complex Eps8–Abi1–Sos-1, which possesses Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity. Here, we show that Abi1 (also known as E3b1) recruits PI3K, via p85, into a multimolecular signaling complex that includes Eps8 and Sos-1. The recruitment of p85 to the Eps8–Abi1–Sos-1 complex and phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5 phosphate (PIP3), the catalytic product of PI3K, concur to unmask its Rac-GEF activity in vitro. Moreover, they are indispensable for the activation of Rac and Rac-dependent actin remodeling in vivo. On growth factor stimulation, endogenous p85 and Abi1 consistently colocalize into membrane ruffles, and cells lacking p85 fail to support Abi1-dependent Rac activation. Our results define a mechanism whereby propagation of signals, originating from RTKs or Ras and leading to actin reorganization, is controlled by direct physical interaction between PI3K and a Rac-specific GEF complex.

scholarly journals Ras activation by insulin and epidermal growth factor through enhanced exchange of guanine nucleotides on p21ras

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
R H Medema ◽  
A M de Vries-Smits ◽  
G C van der Zon ◽  
J A Maassen ◽  
J L Bos
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor ◽  
Nucleotide Binding ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Exchange Factor ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth

A number of growth factors, including insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF), induce accumulation of the GTP-bound form of p21ras. This accumulation could be caused either by an increase in guanine nucleotide exchange on p21ras or by a decrease in the GTPase activity of p21ras. To investigate whether insulin and EGF affect nucleotide exchange on p21ras, we measured binding of [alpha-32P]GTP to p21ras in cells permeabilized with streptolysin O. For this purpose, we used a cell line which expressed elevated levels of p21 H-ras and which was highly responsive to insulin and EGF. Stimulation with insulin or EGF resulted in an increase in the rate of nucleotide binding to p21ras. To determine whether this increased binding rate is due to the activation of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, we made use of the inhibitory properties of a dominant negative mutant of p21ras, p21ras (Asn-17). Activation of p21ras by insulin and EGF in intact cells was abolished in cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing p21ras (Asn-17). In addition, the enhanced nucleotide binding to p21ras in response to insulin and EGF in permeabilized cells was blocked upon expression of p21ras (Asn-17). From these data, we conclude that the activation of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor is involved in insulin- and EGF-induced activation of p21ras.

scholarly journals A conserved and regulated mechanism drives endosomal Rab transition

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Langemeyer ◽  
Ann-Christin Borchers ◽  
Eric Herrmann ◽  
Nadia Füllbrunn ◽  
Yaping Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange Factor ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Endosome Maturation

Endosomes and lysosomes harbor Rab5 and Rab7 on their surface as key proteins involved in their identity, biogenesis, and fusion. Rab activation requires a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which is Mon1-Ccz1 for Rab7. During endosome maturation, Rab5 is replaced by Rab7, though the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we identify the molecular determinants for Rab conversion in vivo and in vitro, and reconstitute Rab7 activation with yeast and metazoan proteins. We show (i) that Mon1-Ccz1 is an effector of Rab5, (ii) that membrane-bound Rab5 is the key factor to directly promote Mon1-Ccz1 dependent Rab7 activation and Rab7-dependent membrane fusion, and (iii) that this process is regulated in yeast by the casein kinase Yck3, which phosphorylates Mon1 and blocks Rab5 binding. Our study thus uncovers the minimal feed-forward machinery of the endosomal Rab cascade and a novel regulatory mechanism controlling this pathway.

Abstract 303: HDL Mimetic Peptide 4F Rescues Pre-existing Pulmonary Hypertension via MicroRNA 193-3p

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salil Sharma ◽  
Soban Umar ◽  
Gabe Wong ◽  
Denise Mai ◽  
Mohamad Navab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Mimetic Peptide ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange Factor ◽  
Human Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Proliferation In Vitro

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic lung disease associated with severe vascular disorders leading to right ventricular(RV) failure. An HDL mimetic peptide, 4F, has been shown to be effective for the treatment of atherosclerosis and a number of inflammatory disorders. Here, we explored whether 4F can rescue advanced PH by controlling the expression of specific microRNAs (miRs). PH was induced in rats by a single injection of monocrotaline (MCT, 60mg/kg, s.c .) or by placing mice in hypoxia chamber(O2≤10%) for 21 days. MCT-rats or hypoxic mice received 4F therapy (50mg/kg/day, s.c .,days 21-30 in MCT model and days 14-21 in hypoxia model). We performed microRNA microarray analysis (non-affymetrix) in lung tissues of CTRL, PH and 4F-rescued groups. OE of miR193 was achieved by intratracheal instillation of 20nM dose at days 16, 21 and 26 in MCT model or at days 14 and 18 in hypoxia model. 4F therapy starting after the establishment of PH in both MCT and hypoxia models improved significantly RV pressure (RVP) and RV hypertrophy index (RVP=46±3 vs RVP=74±1 mmHg in PH; RV/LV+IVS=0.38±0.02 vs RV/(LV+IVS)=0.68±0.05 in PH, p<0.05 vs PH and in hypoxia model RVP=22±3.8 vs. 36.91±5.74 in PH and 20.93±2.52mmHg in ctrl, p<0.05 vs PH ). Microarray and qPCR showed downregulation of miR-193 by ~3 fold in MCT model. 4F therapy normalized miR-193 to ctrl levels. MiR-193 OE in both MCT-rats and hypoxic-mice rescued PH (RVP=38±5.5mmHg, RV/LV+IVS=0.37±0.034 in MCT-rats and RVP=25.48±0.88mmHg in hypoxic-mice). Lung sections showed increased arteriolar muscularization and ox-LDL deposition in the PH group, prevented by miR-193 therapy. In vivo, OE of miR-193 suppressed transcription of in-silico targets ALOX5, a lipoxygenase; IGF1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and ARHGEF12, a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor and decreased human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (HPASMC) proliferation in vitro in the presence of serum or 12-HETE by >2 folds whereas miR-193 KD increased proliferation. In conclusion, 4F rescues pre-existing severe PH by targeting genes associated with HETEs and HODEs production, inflammation and growth via inducing miR-193.

scholarly journals Ccpg1, a Novel Scaffold Protein That Regulates the Activity of the Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Dbs

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 8964-8975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Kostenko ◽  
Oyenike O. Olabisi ◽  
Sutapa Sahay ◽  
Pedro L. Rodriguez ◽  
Ian P. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor ◽  
Scaffold Protein ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange Factor ◽  
Novel Scaffold ◽  
Exchange Activity

ABSTRACT Dbs is a Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) with in vitro exchange activity specific for RhoA and Cdc42. Like many RhoGEF family members, the in vivo exchange activity of Dbs is restricted in a cell-specific manner. Here we report the characterization of a novel scaffold protein (designated cell cycle progression protein 1 [Ccpg1]) that interacts with Dbs and modulates its in vivo exchange specificity. When coexpressed in mammalian cells, Ccpg1 binds to the Dbl homology/pleckstrin homology domain tandem motif of Dbs and inhibits its exchange activity toward RhoA, but not Cdc42. Expression of Ccpg1 correlates with the ability of Dbs to activate endogenous RhoA in cultured cells, and suppression of endogenous Ccpg1 expression potentiates Dbs exchange activity toward RhoA. The isolated Dbs binding domain of Ccpg1 is not sufficient to suppress Dbs exchange activity on RhoA, thus suggesting a regulatory interaction. Ccpg1 mediates recruitment of endogenous Src kinase into Dbs-containing complexes and interacts with the Rho family member Cdc42. Collectively, our studies suggest that Ccpg1 represents a new class of regulatory scaffold protein that can function as both an assembly platform for Rho protein signaling complexes and a regulatory protein which can restrict the substrate utilization of a promiscuous RhoGEF family member.

scholarly journals Coordinated regulation of AP2 uncoating from clathrin-coated vesicles by rab5 and hRME-6

2008 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Semerdjieva ◽  
Barry Shortt ◽  
Emma Maxwell ◽  
Sukhdeep Singh ◽  
Paul Fonarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Coated Vesicles ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange Factor ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Endocytic Vesicles ◽  
Interfering Rna

Here we investigate the role of rab5 and its cognate exchange factors rabex-5 and hRME-6 in the regulation of AP2 uncoating from endocytic clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). In vitro, we show that the rate of AP2 uncoating from CCVs is dependent on the level of functional rab5. In vivo, overexpression of dominant-negative rab5S34N, or small interfering RNA (siRNA)–mediated depletion of hRME-6, but not rabex-5, resulted in increased steady-state levels of AP2 associated with endocytic vesicles, which is consistent with reduced uncoating efficiency. hRME-6 guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity requires hRME-6 binding to α-adaptin ear, which displaces the ear-associated μ2 kinase AAK1. siRNA-mediated depletion of hRME-6 increases phospho-μ2 levels, and expression of a phosphomimetic μ2 mutant increases levels of endocytic vesicle-associated AP2. Depletion of hRME-6 or rab5S35N expression also increases the levels of phosphoinositide 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) associated with endocytic vesicles. These data are consistent with a model in which hRME-6 and rab5 regulate AP2 uncoating in vivo by coordinately regulating μ2 dephosphorylation and PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels in CCVs.

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