scholarly journals The Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase–Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Phosphorylates and Targets Cdc25A for SCFβ-TrCP-dependent Degradation for Cell Cycle Arrest

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2186-2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michitaka Isoda ◽  
Yoshinori Kanemori ◽  
Nobushige Nakajo ◽  
Sanae Uchida ◽  
Katsumi Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Genotoxic Stress ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Erk Activation ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Erk Phosphorylation ◽  
Extracellular Signal

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is generally mitogenic, but, upon strong activation, it causes cell cycle arrest by a not-yet fully understood mechanism. In response to genotoxic stress, Chk1 hyperphosphorylates Cdc25A, a positive cell cycle regulator, and targets it for Skp1/Cullin1/F-box protein (SCF)β-TrCP ubiquitin ligase-dependent degradation, thereby leading to cell cycle arrest. Here, we show that strong ERK activation can also phosphorylate and target Cdc25A for SCFβ-TrCP-dependent degradation. When strongly activated in Xenopus eggs, the ERK pathway induces prominent phosphorylation and SCFβ-TrCP-dependent degradation of Cdc25A. p90rsk, the kinase downstream of ERK, directly phosphorylates Cdc25A on multiple sites, which, interestingly, overlap with Chk1 phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, ERK itself phosphorylates Cdc25A on multiple sites, a major site of which apparently is phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) in Chk1-induced degradation. p90rsk phosphorylation and ERK phosphorylation contribute, roughly equally and additively, to the degradation of Cdc25A, and such Cdc25A degradation occurs during oocyte maturation in which the endogenous ERK pathway is fully activated. Finally, and importantly, ERK-induced Cdc25A degradation can elicit cell cycle arrest in early embryos. These results suggest that strong ERK activation can target Cdc25A for degradation in a manner similar to, but independent of, Chk1 for cell cycle arrest.

scholarly journals Characterization of p96h2bk: immunoreaction with an anti-Erk(extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) peptide antibody and activity in Xenopus oocytes and eggs

1998 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Dong-Hua CHEN ◽  
Chin-Tin CHEN ◽  
Yong ZHANG ◽  
Mei-Ann LIU ◽  
Roberto CAMPOS-GONZALEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Oncogenic Ras ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
M Phase

We have shown previously that oncogenic Ras induces cell cycle arrest in activated Xenopus egg extracts [Pan, Chen and Lin (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 5968–5975]. The cell cycle arrest correlates with the stimulation of a protein kinase activity that phosphorylates histone H2b in vitro (designated p96h2bk) [Chen and Pan (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 28034–28043]. We report here that p96h2bk is likely to be p96ram, a protein of approx. 96 kDa that immunoreacts with a monoclonal antibody (Mk-1) raised against a synthetic peptide derived from a sequence highly conserved in Erk1/Erk2 (where Erk is extracellular-signal-regulated kinase). This is supported by two lines of evidence. First, activation/inactivation of p96h2bk correlates with upward/downward bandshifts of p96ram in polyacrylamide gels. Secondly, both p96h2bk and p96ram can be immunoprecipitated by antibody Mk-1. We also studied the activity of p96h2bk/p96ram in Xenopus oocytes and eggs. p96h2bk/p96ram was inactive in stage 6 oocytes, was active in unfertilized eggs, and became inactive again in eggs after fertilization. Since stage 6 oocytes are at G2-phase of the cell cycle, unfertilized eggs arrest at M-phase and eggs exit M-phase arrest after fertilization, the results thus indicate that p96h2bk/p96ram activity is cell cycle dependent. Moreover, microinjection of oncogenic Ras into fertilized eggs at the one-cell stage arrests the embryos at the two-cell stage, and this induced arrest is correlated with an inappropriate activation of p96h2bk/p96ram. The data are consistent with the concept that inappropriate activation of p96h2bk/p96ram plays a role in the cell cycle arrest induced by oncogenic Ras.

scholarly journals G1/S Cell Cycle Arrest Provides Anoikis Resistance through Erk-Mediated Bim Suppression

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 5282-5291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Collins ◽  
Maurico J. Reginato ◽  
Jessica K. Paulus ◽  
Dennis C. Sgroi ◽  
Joshua LaBaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Anoikis Resistance ◽  
Erk Activation ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Erk Phosphorylation ◽  
Survival Signals

ABSTRACT Proper attachment to the extracellular matrix is essential for cell survival. Detachment from the extracellular matrix results in an apoptotic process termed anoikis. Anoikis induction in MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells is due not only to loss of survival signals following integrin disengagement, but also to consequent downregulation of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and loss of EGFR-induced survival signals. Here we demonstrate that G1/S arrest by overexpression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4a, p21Cip1, or p27Kip1 or by treatment with mimosine or aphidicolin confers anoikis resistance in MCF-10A cells. G1/S arrest-mediated anoikis resistance involves suppression of the BH3-only protein Bim. Furthermore, in G1/S-arrested cells, Erk phosphorylation is maintained in suspension and is necessary for Bim suppression. Following G1/S arrest, known proteins upstream of Erk, including Raf and Mek, are not activated. However, retained Erk activation under conditions in which Raf and Mek activation is lost is observed, suggesting that G1/S arrest acts at the level of Erk dephosphorylation. Thus, anoikis resistance by G1/S arrest is mediated by a mechanism involving Bim suppression through maintenance of Erk activation. These results provide a novel link between cell cycle arrest and survival, and this mechanism could contribute to the survival of nonreplicating, dormant tumor cells that avert apoptosis during early stages of metastasis.

scholarly journals The Ras/Raf/MEK/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway Induces Autocrine-Paracrine Growth Inhibition via the Leukemia Inhibitory Factor/JAK/STAT Pathway

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-In Park ◽  
Christopher J. Strock ◽  
Douglas W. Ball ◽  
Barry D. Nelkin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Growth Arrest ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Stat3 Pathway ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Induce Growth Arrest

ABSTRACT Sustained activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway can lead to cell cycle arrest in many cell types. We have found, with human medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) cells, that activated Ras or c-Raf-1 can induce growth arrest by producing and secreting an autocrine-paracrine factor. This protein was purified from cell culture medium conditioned by Raf-activated MTC cells and was identified by mass spectrometry as leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). LIF expression upon Raf activation and subsequent activation of JAK-STAT3 was also observed in small cell lung carcinoma cells, suggesting that this autocrine-paracrine signaling may be a common response to Ras/Raf activation. LIF was sufficient to induce growth arrest and differentiation of MTC cells. This effect was mediated through the gp130/JAK/STAT3 pathway, since anti-gp130 blocking antibody or dominant-negative STAT3 blocked the effects of LIF. Thus, LIF expression provides a novel mechanism allowing Ras/Raf signaling to activate the JAK-STAT3 pathway. In addition to this cell-extrinsic growth inhibitory pathway, we find that the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway induces an intracellular growth inhibitory signal, independent of the LIF/JAK/STAT3 pathway. Therefore, activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway can lead to growth arrest and differentiation via at least two different signaling pathways. This use of multiple pathways may be important for “fail-safe” induction and maintenance of cell cycle arrest.

scholarly journals ERK activation mediates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis after DNA damage independently of p53.

2002 ◽  
Vol 277 (23) ◽  
pp. 21110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damu Tang ◽  
Dongcheng Wu ◽  
Atsushi Hirao ◽  
Jill M. Lahti ◽  
Lieqi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Erk Activation ◽  
Cycle Arrest

Suppression of c‐Myc enhances p21 WAF1/CIP1 ‐mediated G1 cell cycle arrest through the modulation of ERK phosphorylation by ascochlorin

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 2036-2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun‐Jeong Jeong ◽  
Hyang‐Sook Hoe ◽  
Hyun‐Ji Cho ◽  
Kwan‐Kyu Park ◽  
Dae‐Dong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Erk Phosphorylation ◽  
G1 Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
P21 Waf1
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