scholarly journals Induction of neutralizing antibodies by human papillomavirus vaccine generated in mammalian cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Xilin Wu ◽  
Xiaohua Ma ◽  
Yanlei Li ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
Nan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
L1 And L2

ABSTRACT Background Cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. Current preventative HPV vaccines on the market are composed of HPV L1 protein produced either in the yeast such as Gardasil or in the insect cells such as Cervarix. The duration of efficacy and cross-protection remain highly desirable for the improvement of current prophylactic HPV vaccine. Given that HPV carries out infection and replicates in mammalian cells, L2 protein, which is not included in the current licensed vaccines, is included in the third generation of HPV vaccine in pursuing of providing broader prevention. We hypothesize that a virus-like particle (VLP) consisting of HPV L1 plus L2 proteins generated in mammalian cells will present conformations more closely to native HPV, thus it will provide more durable and broader efficacy of prevention. Methods We took advantage of 293TT cells to produce VLP containing L1 and L2 proteins of HPV16 and HPV18, respectively. Results VLP particles of uniformed size and morphology were observed, and potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies were induced in mice and rabbits. In addition, compared to bivalent HPV vaccine of Cervarix, our HPV L1-L2 VLPs elicited higher titer of anti-sera, and the anti-sera also presented comparable neutralization potency against HPV16 and HPV18 infections even a much less potent adjuvant was used in our case. Conclusion Our VLPs were capable of eliciting stronger and more broadly neutralizing activities against various HPV subtypes and were potential candidate HPV vaccines.

scholarly journals Examining Sexual Orientation Differences in the Utilization of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine, Human Papillomavirus Test, and Cervical Papanicolaou Test in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Corey ◽  
Catherine L. Haggerty ◽  
Amr S. Soliman ◽  
Robert W. S. Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Allegheny County ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Increased Risk

Despite sexual minorities' (SMs) increased risk for contracting human papillomavirus (HPV) and developing related cancers compared to their heterosexual peers, we know little about SM disparities in uptake of HPV vaccines and routine screenings. Therefore, this study examined sexuality differences in HPV preventive interventions and related screenings. From 2015 to 2016, Pennsylvania's Allegheny County Health Department commissioned a health survey of 9,026 adults in their catchment area using probability-based sampling. Multivariable models tested differences by sexual identity separately for cisgender men and women (heterosexual versus gay/lesbian, bisexual, and other) for lifetime receipt of HPV vaccine and number of HPV vaccines. Among women, we examined sexuality differences in HPV and cervical Pap tests, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, and income. No differences in prevention utilization emerged when comparing heterosexual women to all SM women. However, exploratory analyses comparing heterosexual women to subgroups of SM women found lesbians had higher odds (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–24.09) of never receiving an HPV vaccine. Women who reported their sexuality as “other” had higher odds (AOR = 5.65; 95% CI = 1.03–31.02) of never receiving a cervical Pap test compared to heterosexual women. “Other” women had higher odds (AOR = 19.80; 95% CI = 1.64–239.16) of never receiving a cervical Pap test when compared to heterosexual women receiving one within the recommended screening guidelines. SM men's utilization was not significantly different from heterosexual men, though vaccination uptake for both groups was low. These findings highlight the need for additional public health surveillance to understand cancer prevention utilization among this underserved population.

Evaluation of antibodies induced by an HPV vaccine to cross-neutralize pseudovirions of vaccine-related HPV types

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15008-15008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Bryan ◽  
J. F. Smith ◽  
W. Ruiz ◽  
M. K. Brownlow ◽  
M. J. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralization Titer ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
L1 And L2

15008 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of cervical cancer. The HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 quadrivalent L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine has been shown to be highly efficacious in preventing HPV vaccine type-related disease. The HPV A7 species contains types 18, 45 and 59. The A9 species include types 16, 31, 33, 35, 52 and 58. The potential of the vaccine induced antibodies to cross-neutralize infection of pseudovirions (PsV) of HPV types within the A9 and A7 species was evaluated. Methods: Sera from quadrivalent, monovalent HPV 16, or monovalent HPV 18 vaccinees were evaluated. Sera were tested in a multiplexed competitive Luminex Immunoassay (cLIA) against vaccine types to demonstrate HPV type-specific seroconversion. A9 and A7 VLP type cross-reactive binding ability was assessed by a total IgG LIA. HPV L1 and L2 PsV containing secreted alkaline-phosphatase (SEAP) sequences were constructed using native HPV sequences for 16 and 31 and with mammalian codon-optimized sequences for 18 and 45. Demonstrated expression of SEAP was used as an indirect measure of PsV infection of 293TT cells. Results: All subjects seroconverted to high titers against the vaccine HPV types. Cross-reactive antibodies were generated. Quadrivalent vaccinee sera bound to HPV 31, 45, 52 and 58 VLPs. These total IgG titers were 1.5–2 logs lower than the titers to the vaccine types. PsV types 18 and 45 were neutralized using the 18 monovalent and the quadrivalent sera. At month 7, the PsV 18 neutralization titer was ∼1–1.5 logs less than that required for PsV 45 cross-neutralization. Neutralization studies using PsV of the A9 species are in progress. Conclusions: High titers of anti-HPV antibodies are elicited by vaccination with HPV VLP vaccines. These antibodies can prevent in vitro PsV infection of vaccine-HPV types. Cross-reactive, cross-neutralizing antibodies are generated, however at reduced titers compared to the vaccine-specific types. Antibody titers required for cross-protection against non-vaccine types are not known. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Tracking the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Risk Misinformation: An Explorative Study to Examine How the Misinformation Has Spread in User-Generated Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Jessie Chin ◽  
Chieh-Li Chin ◽  
Sakshi Panday ◽  
Anoosheh Ghazanfari ◽  
Ganesh Jagadeesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Vaccine Information ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccine

The goal of the study is to identify and track the dissemination patterns of true and false information about Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines on twitter from 2013 to 2017. We applied a patient-driven HPV-vaccine risk lexicon combining with natural language processing (NLP) models and network analyses to explore the spread of verified true and false HPV-vaccine information. The explorative analyses showed different dissemination patterns of the most popular verified true and false messages about HPV vaccines, which false messages went viral than the true messages. Implications on detecting false HPV-vaccine related information were also discussed.

Human papillomavirus vaccine introduction in Vietnam: formative research findings

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quy Nghi ◽  
D. Scott LaMontagne ◽  
Allison Bingham ◽  
Mirriam Rafiq ◽  
Le Thi Phuong Mai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Vaccine Introduction

Background: Formative research is a useful tool for designing new health interventions. This paper presents key findings from formative research conducted in Vietnam to guide human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine introduction. Methods: We explored the sociocultural environment, health system capacity and the policy-making process using a combined quantitative and qualitative methodology. Data collection was done through literature review, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation checklists and a structured questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes and practices. Populations of interest included 11- to 14-year-old girls, their parents, community leaders, teachers, health workers, health and education officials, and policy-makers at all levels. Results:Although HPV vaccines are new, we found high potential acceptance among parents and girls. HPV vaccine introduction was also favourably supported by health professionals if assurances for system preparedness, e.g. cold chain and human resources, were made. There were no significant barriers from the policy perspective that would prevent the introduction of a new vaccine. However, several concerns related to this new vaccine would need to be adequately addressed before implementation. Conclusion: Our findings provide options for potential vaccine delivery strategies, appropriate communication strategies and targeted advocacy strategies to introduce HPV vaccines in the Vietnamese context.

Vaccine Hesitancy and Differential Susceptibility to Media Coverage: A Critical Documentary Led to Substantial Reductions in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Denmark

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2110035
Author(s):  
Maria Knoth Humlum ◽  
Niels Skipper ◽  
Peter Rønø Thingholm
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccine

Objectives To investigate whether negative media coverage of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine led to a decrease in the uptake of the first dose of the HPV vaccine (HPV1) in Denmark and, importantly, whether some groups of individuals were more susceptible to negative media coverage. Methods We measured HPV vaccine uptake of 12-year-old girls born in 2001 to 2004 using Danish administrative data. A quasi-experimental design was employed to assess whether a documentary that was critical of the HPV vaccine and aired in March 2015 affected HPV uptake. Results The documentary led to a quick and substantial decrease in the monthly propensity to vaccinate, which dropped 3 percentage points—or about 50%—in response to the documentary. Responses differed substantially across subgroups, and girls from families with high socioeconomic status (SES) were more susceptible to the negative media coverage. Conclusions Susceptibility to negative media coverage varied substantially across subgroups, highlighting the need for policy makers to appropriately target and differentiate initiatives to improve vaccine compliance rates.

A Case of Myopericarditis and the HPV vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Pegram ◽  
Tara Bush
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Social History ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Package Insert ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Dose Number ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccine

Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the underlying etiology of numerous cancers and genital warts in both males and females. Vaccines were developed against HPV to prevent transmission and arrest development of cancers caused by the virus. Gardasil 9â is the newest vaccine, covering 9 serotypes of HPV and is recommended by the CDC for both males and females over 9 years of age in a series of vaccinations. Myopericarditis (including myocarditis and pericarditis) is not reported as an adverse reaction in the Gardasil 9â package insert. Case Report A healthy 18-year-old male with no significant past medical or social history received dose number 3 of HPV vaccine at his physician’s office. Within 24 hours, he developed chills and a fever (normal HPV reactions) and then recovered without sequelae within 48 hours. Three days later, he developed crushing chest pain, with arm tingling and jaw pain. He was triaged directly to the emergency room where he had troponins of greater than 11000 and T wave inversions on his EKG. Other diagnostic tests and labs showed normal heart anatomy and no early coronary artery disease. He was diagnosed with myopericarditis by cardiology. He was treated and recovered fully within 3 months. Discussion Using the WHO tool for adverse vaccine reactions, this case has a consistent causal relationship with vaccination. This is the eleventh case of myopericarditis reported to the Vaccine Adverse Effects Reporting system for the HPV vaccine. Conclusion Although rare, myopericarditis should be considered as a possible adverse effect from the human papillomavirus vaccine.

scholarly journals Predictors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine uptake or intent among parents of preadolescents and adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberlee Dayal ◽  
Sarah Robinson ◽  
Jessica Schoening ◽  
Mary Catherine Smith ◽  
Son Chae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
College Education ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Knowledge ◽  
Hpv Vaccine Uptake

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine predictors of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake or intent among parents of pre-adolescents and adolescents.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among parents of girls aged 9 to 18 years, visiting two primary care clinics in central Texas from September to November 2015. Pearson’s product-moment correlation procedures and path analyses based on Health Belief Model were performed.Results: Path analysis showed that provider recommendation for HPV vaccination (β = 0.37; p < .001) and perceived HPV vaccine harm (β = -0.48; p < .001) had statistically significant direct effects on HPV vaccine uptake or intent. The perceived HPV vaccine effectiveness was directly influenced by HPV knowledge (β = 0.39; p < .001), empowerment in parent-provider relationships (β = 0.30; p = .006) and parental college education (β = 0.23; p = .039).}Conclusions: Together with parental empowerment fostering an equal partnership with providers, targeted education to improve parental HPV knowledge may convince them of the HPV vaccine effectiveness. This, in turn, may help them put the perceived HPV vaccine harm in proper perspective and allow them to make informed decisions regarding the timely HPV vaccination of their children. Because provider recommendation is one of the most important contributing factors for HPV vaccine uptake or intent, parental education and recommendations from nurses will help reduce the knowledge gaps and empower parents to make the timely decisions to vaccinate their children.

scholarly journals An Integrative Review of the Influences on Decision-Making of Young People About Human Papillomavirus Vaccine

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Helen Sisson ◽  
Yvonne Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
To Receive

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a key intervention in the prevention of HPV infection and associated cancers. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding what influences decision-making about this vaccine. Guided by the work of Whittemore and Knafl, and Pluye and Hong, we identified 25 studies, from which four prominent themes emerged: fear and risk, pain, parental involvement, and involvement of others. Fear of cervical cancer was a strong motivation to receive the vaccine, and the extent of parental involvement also had an impact on decision-making. Recommendations to receive the vaccine by health-care providers were also an important influence. School nurses are fundamental to the promotion and delivery of the HPV vaccine and should stress the significant role that it plays in the prevention of cancer. Additionally, school nurses should ensure that discussions about HPV infection and vaccine include parents where appropriate and should distinctly recommend vaccination to those eligible.

scholarly journals High Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptability and Cost-Effectiveness of the Chinese 2-Valent Vaccine Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shenyang, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Hao Ye ◽  
Zhao-Zhen Liu ◽  
Si-Tong Cui ◽  
Zhen-Xing Chu ◽  
Yong-Jun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Acceptability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men

Background: Despite the insupportable burden caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and high vaccine acceptability, vaccination programs are not currently available for men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to assess HPV infection by examining the willingness for vaccination among MSM and cost-effectiveness of the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine.Methods: We recruited MSM in Shenyang, China between July and December 2020 to conduct anal HPV testing and an online survey regarding HPV-related knowledge and vaccine acceptability. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine.Results: A total of 234 participants completed the online survey; of those, 203 were successfully tested for HPV. The median age was 30 years [interquartile range (IQR): 23–38 years]. Most participants had at least undergraduate education (136/234, 58.1%). The acceptability rate for the free HPV vaccine was 57.7% (135/234). The prevalence of HPV types 16 and 18 was 14.9% (18/121) and 26.8% (22/82) in the willing and unwilling to vaccinate groups, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). The prevalence of high-risk HPV among participants aged &lt;30 and ≥50 years was 48.6 and 38.9%, respectively. Using the Chinese per capita gross domestic product (GDP) as a threshold, the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine would be a “very cost-effective” strategy, with an ICER value of USD 4,411. This evidence showed that the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine was more cost-effective than other imported vaccines.Conclusions: Targeted strategies should be utilized in MSM with different rates of vaccine acceptability. A pilot HPV vaccination program based on the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine for MSM is urgently warranted to reduce the burden of HPV and anal cancer.

Challenges to Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptability among Women in South India: An Exploratory Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Shah ◽  
Veena Shetty ◽  
Maithri Ganesh ◽  
Avinash K. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Barriers And Challenges

Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women in India. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake in India is low due to cost, low awareness of HPV, social stigma, and other factors. We assessed the awareness, attitudes, and beliefs regarding HPV and HPV vaccination and explored the barriers and challenges to HPV vaccine intent among women in Mangalore, India. An exploratory study was conducted using two focus group discussions (FGDs) and six in-depth one-on-one interviews. FGD-1 comprised nine women aged 18 to 26 years, and FGD-2 comprised seven women aged 27 to 45 years. The FGDs were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Themes identified were limited knowledge of HPV and vaccine, stigma associated with receiving HPV vaccine, vaccine safety concerns, and cost as a barrier to receiving vaccine. Participants expressed desire for physician and government recommendation of the HPV vaccine to validate vaccine intent. Contrasting themes between the two FGDs include support for vaccination at a younger age and lower perception of stigma and judgment in the 18- to 26-year-old group; however, participants in the 27- to 45-year-old group support vaccination at an older age and endorse greater fear of stigma and judgment associated with obtaining vaccination. Education regarding HPV-associated diseases and the HPV vaccine for the general public, physicians, and government officials in conjunction with lowering vaccine cost, improving vaccine access, and encouraging strong physician recommendations are key strategies to scale up HPV vaccine implementation in India.

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