scholarly journals Generations and Political Engagement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Nemčok ◽  
Hanna Wass
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Definition Of

The concept of “generation” constitutes a useful tool to understand the world of politics. Trends in political behavior typical for the youngest generation are indicative for future development. In a wider perspective, large differences between generations also reveal potential for intergenerational conflict and a shift in the entire political paradigm. Four important topics need to be addressed in order to properly understand the body of research studying specifics of political behavior across generations and the use of generation as an analytical tool: (a) conceptual definition of generation, (b) its distinction from other time-related concepts, (c) methodological challenges in applying the time-related factors in research, and (d) understanding the wider implications of these factors for individuals’ political behavior which has already been identified in the scholarship. A political generation is formed among cohorts who experience the same event(s) during their formative years and become permanently influenced by them. Therefore, members of the same generation share similar socialization experiences which create a sense of group belonging and shape the attitudes and behavior throughout their lives. This definition of political generation is distinctive among the three time-related factors—age, period, and cohort—each of which has a well-grounded and distinctive theoretical underpinning. However, a truly insightful examination of the time-related development in political engagement needs to utilize hybrid models that interact with age and period or cohort and period. This imposes a challenge known as identification problem—age (years since birth), period (year), and cohort (year of birth) are perfect linear functions of each other and therefore conventional statistical techniques cannot disentangle their effects. Despite extraordinary effort and outstanding ideas, this issue has not been resolved yet in a fully reliable and hence satisfactory manner. Regardless of methodological issues, the literature is already able to provide important findings resulting from cohort analysis of political engagement. This scholarship includes two major streams: The first focuses on voter turnout, exploring whether nonvoting among the youngest generation is a main reason for the turnout decline in contemporary democracies. The second stream examines the generational differences in political engagement and concludes that low electoral participation among the youngest generation may be explained by young people being more engaged with noninstitutionalized forms of political participation (e.g., occupations, petitions, protests, and online activism).

Political Discussion Networks and Political Engagement among Voters of Color

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Taylor N. Carlson ◽  
Marisa Abrajano ◽  
Lisa García Bedolla
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Registered Voters

Despite a large and growing literature documenting the powerful and positive role that political discussion networks exert on the political behavior among whites, we know little about how political discussion networks affect political behavior among voters of color. To fill this void in the existing literature, we conducted an original survey in California to gather information on a diverse group of registered voters’ political discussion networks and political engagement. The social positioning of ethnoracial groups in society, we contend, will affect how network characteristics explain their levels of political engagement. Our results support this contention. While we find that network characteristics, including network size, partisan homogeneity, and discussion frequency are positively associated with validated voter turnout and nonelectoral political participation, the effects are not uniform across black, Latino, Asian American, and white respondents. This is the first study that examines the relationship between political discussion network characteristics and political engagement among voters of color. Our analysis demonstrates that the opportunities for political integration and engagement offered by political discussion networks are not afforded equally across the U.S. electorate, which has important implications for broader patterns of engagement.

scholarly journals AB0874 FUNCTIONALITY IN OSTEOARTHRITIC GAIT IS RELATED TO TREATMENT DECISION. A MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1743.1-1743
Author(s):  
S. Tassani ◽  
L. Tío ◽  
F. Castro ◽  
J. Monfort ◽  
J. C. Monllau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Inverse Dynamic ◽  
Multifactorial Analysis ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Body Level ◽  
Definition Of

Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease with complex underling mechanisms1–3. The interactions among several factors make the study of the disease very complex and often lead to different treatment, i.e. surgical or conservative, decisions for subjects clinically and radiographically similar. Recent explorations performed at the body level pointed out that macro-factors, like overweight or gait, can influence the development of the disease4. The number of related factors is high, and they are very likely to interact with each other. However, the literature lacks randomized and balanced studies to verify such effects of multiple factors5.Objectives:The aim of this work was to develop a multifactorial analysis to explore whether and how gait functionality and dynamics can be related to treatment decision.Methods:A multifactorial analysis of gait dynamics in OA subjects was developed. 81 OA subjects, graded 2-3 in KL, were selected based on 4 clinical factors: Gender (male – female), Age (60-67 – 68-75), BMI (25–29.9 – 30+) and Treatment (total knee replacement (TKR) – conservative treatment). Gait analysis was performed using 8 cameras BTS Smart-DX 700, 1.5 Mpixels 250 fps and 2 force plates BTS P-6000 500 Hz sampling (BTS S.p.A., Milan, Italy). Helen Hayes marker protocol with medial markers was used for the study. Each volunteer was asked to perform a minimum of 5 valid gait sequences. Functionality and dynamics parameters were measured.Functionality: Velocity of gait and the time needed to perform a gait cycle were computed.Dynamics:The reaction forces and torques at the ankles, knees and hips were computed through inverse dynamic analyses.Analysis of variance was performed for the four factors described among the functionality and dynamics parameters.Results:The multifactorial analysis showed that functionality values are more subjective to the studied factors than the dynamics ones.Functionalityseems to be directly related to the clinical treatment. Patients who selected TKR needed more time to make a step, spent more time in double stand position and walked slower (p<0.002). Older subject also walked slower but this dependency seemed to variate with age (interaction between clinical treatment and age – p<0.02 – Figure 1).Figure 1Interaction between Clinical treatment and age.Dynamics: Forces at the joints seemed to be affected by the gender and an interaction between age and BMI (p< p<0.005, p<0.02) but not by the kind of therapy. Differently, torques were statistically related to the clinical treatment (p<0.007). Age was also significant as was the interaction between age and BMI (both p<0.007).Conclusion:Reduced functionality seems to be related to the selection of therapy. In contrast to current paradigm, forces at the joints may have no role in the definition of the best therapy for OA subjects. Subjects requiring TKR do not present higher loads at the joints. However, torques seems to be related to the therapy selected. Instead of forces, kinematics and posture assessments might support rational definitions of the therapy and future multifactorial analysis should take them into consideration.References:[1]Ding M. et al.J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003;85(6):906-912.[2]Kamibayashi L. et al.Calcif Tissue Int. 1995;57:69-73.[3]Li B, Aspden RM.J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12(4):641-651.[4]Berenbaum F et al.Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2013;25(1):114-118.[5]Ioannidis JPA.Soc Sci Med. 2018;210(April):53-56.Acknowledgments:MICINN Funds are acknowledged (HOLOA-DPI2016-80283-C2-1/2-R, RYC-2015-18888)Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Urban and rural millennials: Heterogeneity of the young adult generation

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Radaev
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Rural Infrastructure ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Monitoring Survey

A sociological approach towards the generational cohort analysis is developed. A special emphasis is made upon the youngest adult generation of millennials coming out of their adolescence in the 2000s. A broad range of social indicators is used for empirical exploration of intra-generational differences between urban and rural millennials. Data were collected from the annual Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) in 2003—2016. Numerous significant differences have been revealed with regard to the educational level, family planning, use of modern gadgets and digital technologies, commitment to healthy lifestyles, and some values. Some practices are more widely spread among rural millennials, whereas other practices are more characteristic of urban millennials. Most of revealed differences are explained by the lower level of material well-being of rural millennials and lower quality of rural infrastructure.

Derrida on Pornography: Putting (It) Up for Sale

Derrida Today ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morris
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Original ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
Academic Debate

Over the past thirty years, academic debate over pornography in the discourses of feminism and cultural studies has foundered on questions of the performative and of the word's definition. In the polylogue of Droit de regards, pornography is defined as la mise en vente that is taking place in the act of exegesis in progress. (Wills's idiomatic English translation includes an ‘it’ that is absent in the French original). The definition in Droit de regards alludes to the word's etymology (writing by or about prostitutes) but leaves the referent of the ‘sale’ suspended. Pornography as la mise en vente boldly restates the necessary iterability of the sign and anticipates two of Derrida's late arguments: that there is no ‘the’ body and that performatives may be powerless. Deriving a definition of pornography from a truncated etymology exemplifies the prosthesis of origin and challenges other critical discourses to explain how pornography can be understood as anything more than ‘putting (it) up for sale’.

scholarly journals Identification and inclusion of gender factors in retrospective cohort studies: the GOING-FWD framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e005413
Author(s):  
Valeria Raparelli ◽  
Colleen M. Norris ◽  
Uri Bender ◽  
Maria Trinidad Herrero ◽  
Alexandra Kautzky-Willer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Definition Of

Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men and gender diverse people. Gender-related factors are seldom assessed as determinants of health outcomes, despite their powerful contribution. The Gender Outcomes INternational Group: to Further Well-being Development (GOING-FWD) project developed a standard five-step methodology applicable to retrospectively identify gender-related factors and assess their relationship to outcomes across selected cohorts of non-communicable chronic diseases from Austria, Canada, Spain, Sweden. Step 1 (identification of gender-related variables): Based on the gender framework of the Women Health Research Network (ie, identity, role, relations and institutionalised gender), and available literature for a certain disease, an optimal ‘wish-list’ of gender-related variables was created and discussed by experts. Step 2 (definition of outcomes): Data dictionaries were screened for clinical and patient-relevant outcomes, using the International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurement framework. Step 3 (building of feasible final list): a cross-validation between variables per database and the ‘wish-list’ was performed. Step 4 (retrospective data harmonisation): The harmonisation potential of variables was evaluated. Step 5 (definition of data structure and analysis): The following analytic strategies were identified: (1) local analysis of data not transferable followed by a meta-analysis combining study-level estimates; (2) centrally performed federated analysis of data, with the individual-level participant data remaining on local servers; (3) synthesising the data locally and performing a pooled analysis on the synthetic data and (4) central analysis of pooled transferable data. The application of the GOING-FWD multistep approach can help guide investigators to analyse gender and its impact on outcomes in previously collected data.

scholarly journals Zur exakten Behandlung von kollektiven Rotationen Teil A: Theorie / On the Exact Treatment of Collective Rotations Part A: Theory

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-215
Author(s):  
Hanns Ruder
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Perturbation Expansion ◽  
Rotational Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
System A ◽  
N Body Problem ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Fixed System ◽  
Body Fixed Coordinate System ◽  
Groundstate Energy

Basic in the treatment of collective rotations is the definition of a body-fixed coordinate system. A kinematical method is derived to obtain the Hamiltonian of a n-body problem for a given definition of the body-fixed system. From this exact Hamiltonian, a consequent perturbation expansion in terms of the total angular momentum leads to two exact expressions: one for the collective rotational energy which has to be added to the groundstate energy in this order of perturbation and a second one for the effective inertia tensor in the groundstate. The discussion of these results leads to two criteria how to define the best body-fixed coordinate system, namely a differential equation and a variational principle. The equivalence of both is shown.

scholarly journals AGE DIFFERENCES IN POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT: ROLE OF SELF-RELEVANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S785-S785
Author(s):  
Tze Kiu Wong ◽  
Helene H Fung
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Older People ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Younger Adults

Abstract Previous studies usually found that older people are less politically engaged than younger adults, especially when considering political behavior other than voting. The current study extends the Selective Engagement hypothesis (Hess, 2014) to political engagement. 81 younger adults and 79 older adults rated 8 issues on self-relevance and their willingness to engage in political discussion, arguments and collective action on each issue. The predicted moderating effect of self-relevance was not found, but older people indeed are more willing to discuss (B = 0.07, p = 0.027) and argue with others on more self-relevant issues (B = 0.06, p = 0.031). Perceived cost of collective action was found to be a moderator, such that self-relevance was less important than other factors for high-cost actions (B = -0.016, p = 0.013). The current research sheds light on potential ways to increase older adults’ engagement in social issues.

scholarly journals Spiritual nursing care: A concept analysis

Curationis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia V. Monareng
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Definition Of

Although the concept ‘spiritual nursing care’ has its roots in the history of the nursing profession, many nurses in practice have difficulty integrating the concept into practice. There is an ongoing debate in the empirical literature about its definition, clarity and application in nursing practice. The study aimed to develop an operational definition of the concept and its application in clinical practice. A qualitative study was conducted to explore and describe how professional nurses render spiritual nursing care. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit the sample. Individual and focus group interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Trustworthiness was ensured through strategies of truth value, applicability, consistency and neutrality. Data were analysed using the NUD*IST power version 4 software, constant comparison, open, axial and selective coding. Tech’s eight steps of analysis were also used, which led to the emergence of themes, categories and sub-categories. Concept analysis was conducted through a comprehensive literature review and as a result ‘caring presence’ was identified as the core variable from which all the other characteristics of spiritual nursing care arise. An operational definition of spiritual nursing care based on the findings was that humane care is demonstrated by showing caring presence, respect and concern for meeting the needs not only of the body and mind of patients, but also their spiritual needs of hope and meaning in the midst of health crisis, which demand equal attention for optimal care from both religious and nonreligious nurses.

Mesh duality and Legendre duality

1990 ◽  
Vol 428 (1875) ◽  
pp. 351-377 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Voronoi Tessellation ◽  
Tangent Plane ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Piecewise Linear Functions ◽  
Dual Transformation ◽  
Delaunay Mesh ◽  
Definition Of

We describe a sense in which mesh duality is equivalent to Legendre duality. That is, a general pair of meshes, which satisfy a definition of duality for meshes, are shown to be the projection of a pair of piecewise linear functions that are dual to each other in the sense of a Legendre dual transformation. In applications the latter functions can be a tangent plane approximation to a smoother function, and a chordal plane approximation to its Legendre dual. Convex examples include one from meteorology, and also the relation between the Delaunay mesh and the Voronoi tessellation. The latter are shown to be the projections of tangent plane and chordal approximations to the same paraboloid.

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