Indian Gaming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Supreme Court Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Casino Gambling ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Indian Gaming ◽  
Tribal Government ◽  
Casino Gaming ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tribal Gaming

Indian gaming, also called Native American casino gaming or tribal gaming, is tribal government gaming. It is government gaming built on sovereignty and consequently is a corollary to state gambling such as lotteries rather than a corollary to corporate gaming. While the types of games offered in casinos might differ in format from ancestral indigenous games, gaming itself is a cultural tradition in many tribes, including those who operate casino gambling. Native American casino gaming is a $33.7 billion industry operated by nearly 250 distinct tribes in twenty-nine states in the United States. The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) of 1988 provides the framework for tribal gaming and the most important case law in Indian gaming remains Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Butterworth, in the US Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the US Supreme Court decision over California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians.

scholarly journals The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act and Its Effects on American Indian Economic Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall K. Q. Akee ◽  
Katherine A. Spilde ◽  
Jonathan B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Indian Reservations ◽  
Indian Gaming ◽  
Tribal Government ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tribal Governments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indian Gaming Regulatory Act ◽  
American Indian Reservations

The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA), passed by the US Congress in 1988, was a watershed in the history of policymaking directed toward reservation-resident American Indians. IGRA set the stage for tribal government-owned gaming facilities. It also shaped how this new industry would develop and how tribal governments would invest gaming revenues. Since then, Indian gaming has approached commercial, state-licensed gaming in total revenues. Gaming operations have had a far-reaching and transformative effect on American Indian reservations and their economies. Specifically, Indian gaming has allowed marked improvements in several important dimensions of reservation life. For the first time, some tribal governments have moved to fiscal independence. Native nations have invested gaming revenues in their economies and societies, often with dramatic effect.

1937

Peyote Effect ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Tribal Government ◽  
Indian Agents ◽  
The U.S

Histories of peyotism in the United States tend to treat it as deeply rooted and universally embraced in indigenous communities. This chapter reminds us that this was not always the case. During its period of rapid growth, from around 1910 to 1940, peyotism was an evangelical religion in most Native American communities and was met with a great deal of resistance. The peyotists were often young men with ties outside of the community, and their practices challenged traditional hierarchies, traditional practices, and older power-brokers in their communities. In some cases, those who opposed peyotism in Native American communities adopted the same language as the missionaries and the Indian Agents in decrying the spread of peyotism, and in at least one case, (on the Navajo reservation in 1940), this prompted the tribal government to ban peyote on the reservation. The ban passed even with the opposition of the U.S. government, which by 1940 supported the rights of peyotists to practice their religion.

scholarly journals The Native American voice in United States water rights

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Marsh ◽  
Michael D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us

There is a sacred relationship between Native Americans and the environment. The importance of those sacred beliefs in water rights in the United States (US) is examined through a series of case studies. A thorough review of available literature displays a trend toward less dependence on the US for representation and a greater recognition of Native American traditions. The increased role of Native Americans in water rights quantification and resource development provides greater appreciation and understanding of their traditions and beliefs.

scholarly journals Population structure and pharmacogenomic risk stratification in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashwat Deepali Nagar ◽  
Andrew B. Conley ◽  
I. King Jordan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
White Population ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractPharmacogenomic (PGx) variants mediate how individuals respond to medication, and response differences among racial/ethnic groups have been attributed to patterns of PGx diversity. We hypothesized that genetic ancestry (GA) would provide higher resolution for stratifying PGx risk, since it serves as a more reliable surrogate for genetic diversity than self-identified race/ethnicity (SIRE), which includes a substantial social component. We analyzed a cohort of 8,628 individuals from the United States (US), for whom we had both SIRE information and whole genome genotypes, with a focus on the three largest SIRE groups in the US: White, Black, and Hispanic. Whole genome genotypes were used to characterize individuals’ continental ancestry fractions – European, African, and Native American – and individuals were grouped according to their GA profiles. SIRE and GA groups were found to be highly concordant. Continental ancestry predicts individuals’ SIRE with >96% accuracy, and accordingly GA provides only a marginal increase in resolution for PGx risk stratification. PGx variants are highly diverged compared to the genomic background; 82 variants show significant frequency differences among SIRE groups, and genome-wide patterns of PGx variation are almost entirely concordant with SIRE. Nevertheless, 97% of PGx variation is found within rather than between groups. Examples of highly differentiated PGx variants illustrate how SIRE partitions PGx variation based on group-specific ancestry patterns and contains valuable information for risk stratification. Finally, we show that individuals who identify as Black or Hispanic benefit more when SIRE is considered for treatment decisions than individuals from the majority White population.

scholarly journals Partnering with a Native American Community in a Collaboration between a Tribal College and Two Mainstream Universities

2014 ◽  
pp. 460-474
Author(s):  
Joanita M Kant ◽  
C Jason Tinant ◽  
Suzette R Burckhard ◽  
J Foster Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tribal College ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Community Partners ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Tribal Government ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
What Works ◽  
Community Outcomes

We present community outcomes in our unique pre-engineering program, along with lessons learned when a tribal college and community partners collaborate with two mainstream universities in experiential learning on a Native American reservation in the United States. We share our expertise so that others may apply elsewhere what we have learned. We provide guidance through sharing our successes, best practices, challenges, case studies, and hopes for the future. We recognize that every reservation is unique, and what works for one may not work for others. Community outcomes include significant capacity building where partners assemble evidence-based research that strengthens the tribal college and tribal government, allowing them to better manage resources. The OSSPEEC program includes undergraduate, graduate and faculty researchers in water resources, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), geology, surveying, structures, and cross-disciplinary endeavors. Community partners include tribal governmental agencies, reservation-based interest groups, and non-profit organizations. The program is sustainable because the tribal college builds a variety of lasting partnerships offering mutual benefits.

Criminal Justice in Indian Country: A Theoretical and Empirical Agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-357
Author(s):  
Jeffery T. Ulmer ◽  
Mindy S. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Institutional Power ◽  
Indian Country ◽  
The Us ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Examinations of the Native American experience in the US criminal justice system are still relatively sparse, despite earlier calls for increased attention to Native American crime and justice issues. This is unfortunate, as Native Americans are unique among all groups in US society and face distinctive criminal justice jurisdictional complexities. We argue that this uniqueness renders extant racial/ethnic theoretical framings incomplete for understanding the Native American experience with criminal justice in the United States. First, we describe the complexities of criminal jurisdiction in Indian Country, discuss how internal colonialism shapes the Native American experience, and outline a set of directions for research to illuminate such jurisdictional complexities. Second, we discuss general theoretical frameworks and their strengths and limitations in explaining the Native American experience. We argue for a focus on the interlocking institutional power that shapes tribal, state, and federal justice coupling. We present an agenda for research on the consequences of contemporary criminal justice arrangements for individual Native Americans and for Native American communities collectively.

Gambling with Philadelphia: Examining the Impacts of Commercial Casinos in a large American city.

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-53
Author(s):  
Moira Aileen Conway
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Casino Gambling ◽  
Community Benefits ◽  
Casino Gaming ◽  
New Locations ◽  
The One

Casino gaming has emerged in the United States in a variety of new locations as a source of economic development.  In 2010 commercial casino gambling expanded into a major United States city, when a casino opened in Philadelphia.  The city currently has one open casino and a second proposed casino, this, along with three other casinos in the metropolitan area, makes Philadelphia an important case study to examine the impacts of casino gaming in a major urban area in the United States.  Through interviews and media/policy analysis, the casinos interaction with the local community during the planning process, and since the one casino has opened are analyzed.  It is revealed that a variety of stakeholders were involved in the casino location process, and the community has been impacted by the casino in a variety of areas including economic effects, a community benefits agreement, crime, potential gambling addiction and gentrification.  

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

The Politics of Prophecy: The US Culture Wars and the Battle Over Public Education in the Left Behind Series for Kids

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Ann Abate Michelle
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Church History ◽  
Good News ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
School Prayer ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
The Us

This essay argues that in spite of their obvious Biblically-based subject matter, clear Christian content, and undeniable evangelical perspective, the Left Behind novels for kids are not simply religious books; they are also political ones. Co-authors Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins may claim that their narratives are interested in sharing the good news about Jesus for the sake of the future, but they are equally concerned with offering commentary on contentious US cultural issues in the present. Given the books’ adolescent readership, they are especially preoccupied with the ongoing conservative crusade concerning school prayer. As advocates for this issue, LaHaye and Jenkins make use of a potent blend of current socio-political arguments and of past events in evangelical church history: namely, the American Sunday School Movement (ASSM). These free, open-access Sabbath schools became the model for the public education system in the United States. In drawing on this history, the Left Behind series suggests that the ASSM provides an important precedent for the presence not simply of Christianity in the nation's public school system, but of evangelical faith in particular.

The United States and the Iranian Nuclear Programme

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hurst
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nuclear Issue ◽  
The Relationship

The United States, Iran and the Bomb provides the first comprehensive analysis of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship from its origins through to the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015. Starting with the Nixon administration in the 1970s, it analyses the policies of successive US administrations toward the Iranian nuclear programme. Emphasizing the centrality of domestic politics to decision-making on both sides, it offers both an explanation of the evolution of the relationship and a critique of successive US administrations' efforts to halt the Iranian nuclear programme, with neither coercive measures nor inducements effectively applied. The book further argues that factional politics inside Iran played a crucial role in Iranian nuclear decision-making and that American policy tended to reinforce the position of Iranian hardliners and undermine that of those who were prepared to compromise on the nuclear issue. In the final chapter it demonstrates how President Obama's alterations to American strategy, accompanied by shifts in Iranian domestic politics, finally brought about the signing of the JCPOA in 2015.

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