Executive and Legislative Competition Over Natural Hazards Policies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deserai A. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
Disaster Policy ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
Executive Agencies

As with countless other policy areas, natural hazard policy can be viewed as a jurisdictional competition between executive and legislative branches. While policymaking supremacy is delegated to the legislative branch in constitutional democracies, the power over implementation, budgeting, and grant-making that executive agencies enjoy means that the executive branch wields considerable influence over outcomes in natural hazards policymaking. The rules that govern federal implementation of complex legislative policies put the implementing agency at the center of influence over how policy priorities play out in local, county, and state processes before, during, and after disasters hit. Examples abound related to this give-and-take between the legislative and executive functions of government within the hazards and disaster realm, but none more telling than the changes made to US disaster policy after September 11th, which profoundly affected natural hazards policy as well as security policy. The competition and potential for mismatch between legislative and executive priorities has been heightened since the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was reorganized under the Department of Homeland Security. While this may appear uniquely American, the primacy of terrorism and other security-related threats not only dwarfs natural hazards issues in the United States, but also globally. Among the most professionalized and powerful natural hazards and disaster agencies prior to 9/11, FEMA has seen its influence diminished and its access to decision-makers reduced. This picture of legislative and executive actors within the natural hazards policy domain who compete for supremacy goes beyond the role of FEMA and post-9/11 policy. Power dynamics associated with budgets, oversight and accountability, and relative power among executive agencies are ongoing issues important to understanding the competition for policy influence as natural hazards policy competes for attention, funding, and power within the broader domain of all-hazards policy.

Current US approaches to counter-terrorism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Manoilo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
The Us ◽  
Complex Forms

The fight against terrorism in the United States today is one of the priority areas for ensuring national security. Counterterrorism is carried out by US ministries and departments in close coordination and interaction with each other, with the wide involvement of the resources of various public associations and civil society structures. At the same time, the activity of US law enforcement agencies to counter terrorism at the federal level (in the US executive branch) is largely decentralized and is carried out mainly by the forces of five key ministries and departments: the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, the Department of the Treasury and the United States Postal Service; moreover, the US Department of Homeland Security plays the role of a system integrator – an «umbrella structure», which brought together under its leadership various departments and services involved in the fight against terrorism (except for the CIA and the FBI). The American strategy of combating terrorism is based on the principles of inevitability of punishment, «no negotiations and concessions», and pressure on countries that, to one degree or another, «support» terrorism. In general, the system of combating terrorism in the United States is modern and meets the latest realities, challenges and threats in this area. It is constantly being improved and reformed, increasing its effectiveness. At the same time, modern terrorism, responding to new forms and methods of struggle, is constantly evolving, striving to adapt to the new conditions of its existence; the emergence of its new, evolutionarily more advanced, structurally more complex forms requires new organizational and technological solutions from the US counterterrorism system.

Refuge in the National Security State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina García
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
The World ◽  
National Security State

In response to the terrorist attacks of 1993 and 2001, the Clinton and Bush administrations restructured the immigration bureaucracy, placed it within the new Department of Homeland Security, and tried to convey to Americans a greater sense of safety. Refugees, especially those from Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria, suffered the consequences of the new national security state policies, and found it increasingly difficult to find refuge in the United States. In the post-9/11 era, refugee advocates became even more important to the admission of refugees, reminding Americans of their humanitarian obligations, especially to those refugees who came from areas of the world where US foreign policy had played a role in displacing populations.

Impact of Ventilation on Fire Behavior in Legacy and Contemporary Residential Construction

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kerber ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Homeland Security ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
Front Door ◽  
Fire Environment ◽  
Open Floor ◽  
The Impact

Under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Assistance to Firefighter Grant Program, Underwriters Laboratories examined fire service ventilation practices as well as the impact of changes in modern house geometries. There has been a steady change in the residential fire environment over the past several decades. These changes include larger homes, more open floor plans and volumes and increased synthetic fuel loads. This series of experiments examine this change in fire behavior and the impact on firefighter ventilation tactics. This fire research project developed the empirical data that is needed to quantify the fire behavior associated with these scenarios and result in immediately developing the necessary firefighting ventilation practices to reduce firefighter death and injury. Two houses were constructed in the large fire facility of Underwriters Laboratories in Northbrook, IL. The first of two houses constructed was a one-story, 1200 ft, 3 bedroom, 
bathroom house with 8 total rooms. The second house was a two-story 3200 ft, 4 bedroom, 2.5 bathroom house with 12 total rooms. The second house featured a modern open floor plan, two- story great room and open foyer. Fifteen experiments were conducted varying the ventilation locations and the number of ventilation openings. Ventilation scenarios included ventilating the front door only, opening the front door and a window near and remote from the seat of the fire, opening a window only and ventilating a higher opening in the two-story house. One scenario in each house was conducted in triplicate to examine repeatability. The results of these experiments provide knowledge for the fire service for them to examine their thought processes, standard operating procedures and training content. Several tactical considerations were developed utilizing the data from the experiments to provide specific examples of changes that can be adopted based on a departments current strategies and tactics.

scholarly journals EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION: AT ZERO HOUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
V. Balamuralidhara ◽  
Vaishnav A.M. ◽  
Bachu V. ◽  
Pramod Kumar T.M.
Keyword(s):  
Homeland Security ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Us Fda

The Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA) authority plays a vital role in US FDA. They provide the authority/permission to use the unregistered products/registered product with unregistered route to treat the life threatening damages to the patients in world in some emergency conditions. The aim of this work is to give an overview on EUA in life threatening conditions and there challenges in getting the permissions under regulations with example of E-bola virus. The e-bola is a virus. It is a hemorrhagic fever deadly disease caused by one of the E-bola viral strain, which is wide spread in West Africa. The -Secretary of the Department of homeland security (DHS), determined, pursuant to section 319F-2 of the Public Health Service Act, that the Ebola virus presents a material threat against the United States population sufficient to affect national security. Issuance of EUA by the FDA Commissioner requires several steps under section 564 of the FD&C Act. The FDA Commissioner, can only issue the EUA, if criteria for issuance under the statute are met. This study’s highlights the importance of the EUA in emergency when there is no medicine for disease/virus in the world. For example the FDA has issued a EUA to use the ReEBOV which is the Rapid Antigen Test device designed by Lusys lab co. Pvt. Ltd. for detecting the Zaire Ebola virus.

Protection of the Homeland and the Establishment of the United States Department of Homeland Security

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-142
Author(s):  
David Hughes McElreath ◽  
Daniel Adrian Doss ◽  
Barbara Russo ◽  
Greg Etter ◽  
Jeffrey Van Slyke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
States Department

scholarly journals Forgoing Food Assistance out of Fear: Simulating the Child Poverty Impact of a Making SNAP a Legal Liability for Immigrants

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311983269
Author(s):  
Jennifer Laird ◽  
Isaac Santelli ◽  
Jane Waldfogel ◽  
Christopher Wimer
Keyword(s):  
Homeland Security ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Potential Child ◽  
Cash Benefits ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
Proposed Regulation

Public charge, a term used by immigration officials for over 100 years, refers to a person who relies on public assistance at the government’s expense. Immigrants who are deemed at high risk of becoming a public charge can be denied green cards; those outside of the United States can be denied entry. Current public charge policy largely applies to cash benefits. The Department of Homeland Security has proposed a regulation that will allow officials to consider the take-up of both cash and non-cash benefits when making public charge determinations. Nearly 90 percent of children with immigrant parents are U.S.-born and therefore eligible for public benefits. Most of these children live in mixed-status households. We examine the potential child poverty impact of the proposed regulation. Our results show that depending on the chilling effect, more than 2 million citizen children could lose access to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program as a result of the proposed regulation.

scholarly journals Introduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-405
Author(s):  
Nathan K. Hensley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Legal Guardian ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Customs And Border Protection ◽  
Physical Custody

“We saw no issues,” reports the Department of Homeland Security in a self-study of its practices for detaining children at the US–Mexico border, “except one unsanitary bathroom.” The system is working as it should; all is well. “CBP [Customs and Border Protection] facilities we visited,” the report summarizes, “appeared to be operating in compliance with the 2015 National Standards on Transport, Escort, Detention, and Search.” A footnote on page 2 of the September 2018 document defines the prisoners at these facilities, the “unaccompanied alien children,” as “aliens under the age of eighteen with no lawful immigration status in the United States and without a parent or legal guardian in the United States ‘available’ to care and [provide] physical custody for them.” Available is in scare quotes. This tic of punctuation discloses to us that the parents of these children have been arrested and removed. They are not available, and cannot take physical custody of their children, because they themselves are in physical custody. In a further typographical error, the word “provide” has been omitted: the children are without a parent or legal guardian in the United States “available” to care and physical custody for them. The dropped word turns “physical custody” into a verb and sets this new action, to physical custody, in tense relation to “care.”

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