Abolitionism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic World ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Short Text ◽  
Abolitionist Movement ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

The abolitionist movement launched the global human rights struggle in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, redefining the meaning of equality throughout the Atlantic world. In the twenty-first century, it remains a touchstone of democratic activism—a timeless example of mobilizing against injustice. Abolitionism: A Very Short Introduction highlights the key people, institutions, themes, and events that shaped the antislavery struggle across the Atlantic world. Highlighting the activist exertions of abolitionists from the Caribbean and Great Britain to the United States and Iberian society, this short text shows that abolitionism was a potent social movement that ended the most profitable institution of the early modern era: racial slavery.

Manufacturing Productivity Growth in American Economic History

2018 ◽  
pp. 212-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Field
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Manufacturing Productivity ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

This chapter provides an overview of labor and total factor productivity growth in the manufacturing sector in the United States from colonial times to the present. An introductory section defines concept and terms. This is followed by an historical survey of improvement in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and sections on the manufacturing revolution of the 1920s and the sector’s contribution during the Great Depression. The remainder of the chapter provides a quantitative perspective on manufacturing productivity growth and its contribution to the overall economy from the end of World War I through the first decade of the twenty-first century.

What Price Sugar? Land, Labor, and Revolution

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Littlefield
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
American Empire ◽  
Chapel Hill ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

[First paragraph]Sugar, Slavery, and Society: Perspectives on the Caribbean, India, the Mascarenes, and the United States. Bernard Moitt (ed.). Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2004. vii + 203 pp. (Cloth US $ 65.00)Tropical Babylons: Sugar and the Making of the Atlantic World, 1450-1680. Stuart B. Schwartz (ed.). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004. xiii + 347 pp. (Paper US $ 22.50)These two books illustrate the fascination that sugar, slavery, and the plantation still exercise over the minds of scholars. One of them also reflects an interest in the influence these have had on the modern world. For students of the history of these things the Schwartz collection is in many ways the more useful. It seeks to fill a lacuna left by the concentration of monographs on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, suggesting that we know less about the history of sugar than we thought we did. Perhaps in no other single place is such a range of information on so wide an area presented in such detail for so early a period. Ranging from Iberia to the Caribbean and including consumption as well as production of sugar, with a nod to the slave trade and a very useful note on weights and currencies, this volume is a gold mine of information. It considers (briefly) the theoretical meaning as well as the growing of this important crop, contrasting its production in Iberia with that on the Atlantic islands of Madeira and the Canaries, colonized by Iberian powers, and continuing the contrast with São Tomé, off the coast of Africa, and on to Brazil and the Spanish American empire before ending with the British in Barbados. In the transit, it of necessity considers and complicates the meaning of “sugar revolution” and shows how scholars using that term do not always mean the same thing. John McCusker and Russell Menard, for example, tackling a cornerstone of the traditional interpretation of the development of sugar, argue that there was no “sugar revolution” in Barbados; economic change had already begun before sugar’s advent, though sugar may have accelerated it, and yet sugar production was transformed on the island. They also undercut, without quite denying, the significance of the Dutch role in the process. Schwartz, while questioning, lings to the traditional expression if not the traditional outlook, seeing in Barbados “the beginning of the sugar revolution” (p. 10).

scholarly journals SWEET BUSINESS: QUANTIFYING THE VALUE ADDED IN THE BRITISH COLONIAL SUGAR TRADE IN THE 18THCENTURY

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klas Rönnbäck
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
A Value ◽  
Sugar Trade ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

ABSTRACTThere has been a lot of research into the economic contribution of the periphery to European economic development during the early modern era. This paper estimates quantitatively the value added in the sugar trade from the Caribbean to Britain in the 18thcentury. The trade generated a value equivalent to around 1 per cent of British gross domestic product (GDP) by the early 18thcentury, growing to 4 per cent of GDP a century later. The results show that the sugar trade constituted a dynamic and rapidly growing part of the British economy, most importantly the tertiary sector.

scholarly journals Displacements of Memory

Refuge ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Philip Marfleet
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Nation State ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

The experiences of refugees—their “voices” and memories—have routinely been excluded from the historical record. With rare exceptions, refugees are absent from mainstream history: although specific episodes of forced migration may be carefully recorded and even celebrated in national histories, most refugee movements are ignored and their participants silenced. This article examines the practice of exclusion and its implications for historical research and for the study of forced migration. It considers experiences of refugees from the early modern era until the twenty-first century, mobilizing examples from Europe, the Americas, and South Asia, and offering comparative observations. It examines relationships between forced migrants and institutions of the nation-state, and the meanings of exclusion within ideologies of national belonging. It considers remedial measures and their implications for current efforts to ensure refugee voices are heard and understood.

Atlantic History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Games
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Atlantic History ◽  
Modern World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Borders ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

The field of Atlantic history analyzes the Atlantic Ocean and its four adjoining continents as a single unit of historical analysis. The field is a style of inquiry as much as it is a study of a geographic region. It is an approach that emphasizes connections and circulations, and its practitioners tend to de-emphasize political borders in their interest in exploring the experiences of people whose lives were transformed by their location within this large region. The field’s focus is the period from c. 1450 to 1900, but important debates about periodization reflect the challenges of writing a history that has no single geographic vantage point yet strives to be as inclusive as possible. The history of the United States intersects with Atlantic history in multiple ways, although the fields are neither parallel nor coterminous. Assessing the topics of slavery and citizenship, as they developed in the United States and around the Atlantic, demonstrate the potential advantages of this broader perspective on US history. Although the field emphasizes the early modern era, legacies of Atlantic history pervade the modern world, and individuals and institutions continue to struggle to understand all of the ways these legacies shape legal, social, economic, cultural, and political practices in the first decades of the 21st century.

scholarly journals James Petiver's ‘ Kind Friends ’ and ‘ Curious Persons ’ in the Atlantic World: commerce, colonialism and collecting

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
Kathleen Susan Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
First Century ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Plantation Slavery ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

In 1695, James Petiver concluded the first ‘century’ of his Musei Petiveriani by observing that he had received the specimens described within it from his ‘ Kind Friends from divers parts of the World’ and ‘ Curious Persons … Abroad’. This essay examines Petiver's network of such ‘Kind Friends’ and ‘Curious Persons’ in the Atlantic World. The composition of Petiver's network reflected many of the broader patterns of English commerce in the Atlantic at the turn of the eighteenth century. Moreover, England's growing overseas empire and its expanding commercial activity required a parallel expansion in maritime labour. Mariners were correspondingly central to Petiver's work as a naturalist and collector in the region. The importance of slavery and the slave trade to Atlantic economic and social structures meant that the naturalist relied on the institutions, infrastructures and individuals of the slave trade and plantation slavery. A social history of Petiver's Atlantic network reveals how the naturalist utilized the routes of commerce and colonialism to collect specimens, as well as to collect the correspondents who might provide them from West Africa, Spanish America, the Caribbean and mainland North America. It demonstrates the entangled histories of commerce, colonialism, collecting and the production of natural knowledge.

Conclusion

Atlantic Wars ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Plank
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Racial Hierarchy ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Territorial Boundaries ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

The conclusion contrasts Atlantic warfare in the early modern era with the pattern that developed over the course of the nineteenth century. In the nineteenth century Europeans and their descendants continued to dominate the ocean and, in the Americas, they increasingly achieved supremacy on land. Improved transportation, mass migration from Europe, and economic growth facilitated this change, along with a tacit agreement among national states and empires that they would not ally themselves with indigenous peoples, slaves, or maroons outside their own internationally recognized territorial boundaries. Africans relied on European firearms and became vulnerable when weapon technologies changed in the second half of the century. The violence of the early modern era laid the foundations for the racial hierarchy that was erected in the nineteenth century, but in the earlier period warfare had not divided the peoples of the Atlantic world so simply.

The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Urban History

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urban History ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
Specific Subject ◽  
Multiple Audiences ◽  
The Subject

The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Urban History synthesizes three generations of urban historical scholarship, providing a thematic and chronological overview of American urban history from the pre-Columbian era until the beginning decades of the twenty-first century. The 92 articles collected here describe and analyze the transformation of the United States from a simple agrarian and small-town society to a complex urban and suburban nation. Each essay has been authored, peer-reviewed, and edited by scholars expert in the field, offering a reliable, historiographically informed examination of a specific subject in American urban history. The encyclopedia differs from previous publications by providing semi-structured, synoptic articles ranging from 6,000 to 8,000 words or more. The articles are divided into three parts: 1. an accessible narrative overview of an important issue in American urban history; 2. a brief historiographical summary of significant writers and publications on the subject; and 3. a short introduction to essential primary sources. This tri-part format allows each article to serve multiple audiences: those who simply want an informed an intelligent introduction to a given topic; those interested in identifying the leading publications on a specific subject; and those interested in performing detailed research on the topic at hand.

American Naval History: A Very Short Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig L. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Naval History ◽  
Global Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Barbary Wars

American Naval History: A Very Short Introduction charts the history of the United States Navy from its birth during the American Revolution, through its emergence as a global power amid the world wars of the twentieth century, and to its current role as a superpower in the twenty-first century. It highlights iconic moments of great drama pivotal to the nation’s fortunes: John Paul Jones’ attacks on the British during the Revolution, the Barbary Wars, and the arduous conquest of Iwo Jima. It also illuminates the technological, institutional, and functional changes of the U.S. Navy and captures its evolving culture and the debates between policymakers about what role the institution should play in world affairs.

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