Atlantic History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Games
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Atlantic History ◽  
Modern World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Borders ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

The field of Atlantic history analyzes the Atlantic Ocean and its four adjoining continents as a single unit of historical analysis. The field is a style of inquiry as much as it is a study of a geographic region. It is an approach that emphasizes connections and circulations, and its practitioners tend to de-emphasize political borders in their interest in exploring the experiences of people whose lives were transformed by their location within this large region. The field’s focus is the period from c. 1450 to 1900, but important debates about periodization reflect the challenges of writing a history that has no single geographic vantage point yet strives to be as inclusive as possible. The history of the United States intersects with Atlantic history in multiple ways, although the fields are neither parallel nor coterminous. Assessing the topics of slavery and citizenship, as they developed in the United States and around the Atlantic, demonstrate the potential advantages of this broader perspective on US history. Although the field emphasizes the early modern era, legacies of Atlantic history pervade the modern world, and individuals and institutions continue to struggle to understand all of the ways these legacies shape legal, social, economic, cultural, and political practices in the first decades of the 21st century.

Historical Landmarks in the Hundred Years’ War on Palestine

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid I. Khalidi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Security Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Hundred Years War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era

This essay argues that what has been going on in Palestine for a century has been mischaracterized. Advancing a different perspective, it illuminates the history of the last hundred years as the Palestinians have experienced it. In doing so, it explores key historical documents, including the Balfour Declaration, Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, and UN Security Council Resolution 242, none of which included the Palestinians in key decisions impacting their lives and very survival. What amounts to a hundred years of war against the Palestinians, the essay contends, should be seen in comparative perspective as one of the last major colonial conflicts of the modern era, with the United States and Europe serving as the metropole, and their extension, Israel, operating as a semi-independent settler colony. An important feature of this long war has been the Palestinians' continuing resistance, against heavy odds, to colonial subjugation. Stigmatizing such resistance as “terrorism” has successfully occluded the real history of the past hundred years in Palestine.

scholarly journals Two dominant security concepts in Europe and its influence on Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii O. Lysenko ◽  
Vladislav O. Veklych ◽  
Myhailo V. Kocherov ◽  
Ivan V. Servetskiy ◽  
Tetiana B. Arifkhodzhaieva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Governance Models

The article is devoted to the analysis of two dominant security concepts in the modern world. Given the long bipolarity of the world, due to the dominance of the Horde and Westphalian concepts of security, the question arises about the place of Ukraine in this coordinate system. In the process of research, a historical analysis of the emergence, formation and dissemination of two, alternative concepts of security, which are characteristic of countries with different governance models. It was found that Russia and China, given the geographical and geopolitical situation and the peculiarities of the historical process, adapted and creatively refined the Horde concept of security inherent in the state of Genghis Khan. Instead, Western European countries, and later the United States, formed a concept of security based on the principles laid down by the Westphalian system in the seventeenth century. The main features of the Horde concept of security (according to H. Chkhartishvili), which is based on strict centralization, sacredness of the ruler's personality and the dominance of privileges over rights, are highlighted.

Surmounting Adversities in the Land of Lincoln

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Fennell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sundown Towns ◽  
Almost All

The history of New Philadelphia illustrates significant elements of the systemic impacts of racism on citizens and communities in the United States. Similar experiences are presented in the development of other communities that struggled against such adversities. This chapter examines additional case studies of structural racism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Illinois. In his study of “sundown towns,” James Loewen found that many Illinois towns engaged in extensive discrimination in this period. Such sundown jurisdictions permitted African Americans access to their terrain as laborers during the day, but not as residents. His research showed that “almost all all-white towns and counties in Illinois were all-white on purpose” by the early twentieth century. In contrast, other communities embodied African-American aspirations. Fennell examines such racial dynamics using examples from archaeological and historical analysis of three more African-American communities in Illinois: Miller Grove, Brooklyn, and the Equal Rights settlement outside of Galena.

A Short and Pointed History of Judicial Selection

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Charles Gardner Geyh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Judicial Selection ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jacksonian Democracy ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 2 places the current state of affairs in context, with a short history of judicial selection in the United States, touching on the five distinct methods of judicial selection that have evolved over time. It begins by discussing colonial rule and gubernatorial appointments, then moves to early statehood and legislative appointments. The Age of Jackson is then examined, in particular Jacksonian democracy and its aftermath, which saw the rise of partisan judicial elections. The chapter then discusses how the Populist-Progressive era ushered in the advent of nonpartisan and recall elections. Finally, it describes the merit selection movement in the twentieth century before concluding that in the modern era, the American judiciary has undergone a political transformation that has placed increasing emphasis on constraining independence and enhancing political control.

Is There No Democratic Left in America? Reflections on the Transformation of an Ideology

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alonzo L. Hamby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interest Group Politics ◽  
Group Politics ◽  
The 1960S

Historians historicize. They attempt to understand the present and make educated guesses about the future by looking to the past. This attempt at prognosticating “the future of the democratic left” primarily in the United States begins with a broad-brush history of “the left” as equalitarian idea and political movement in the modern world, examines its development in the United States within a context of “American exceptionalism,” discusses its transformation in the 1960s, and assays its struggles in the “present day” of the last three decades. A once-revolutionary impulse, it suggests, has surrendered to the necessity of incremental entitlement politics. As a result, it has subjected itself to the hazards of the pragmatic test, the awkwardness of interest-group politics, and the distinct possibility that even success in the quest for universal social provision would fail to alter existing patterns of inequality.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF THE US MONETARY AND FINANCIAL HEGEMONY IN THE MODERN WORLD: BASIC INSTRUMENTS AND CHANNELS OF INFLUENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
N.N. Muzlova ◽  
A.A. Latypov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic History ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Imf

The purpose of the study is to determine the role of the USA dollar in the modern world and consider the monetary and financial instruments used by the United States to maintain its economic and political hegemony, as well as the possible consequences of using these instruments. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set in the work: to study the economic history of the dominance of the dollar, to determine the impact of monetary policy and financial instruments of the United States on the world economy, to analyze the role of the IMF in maintaining the financial hegemony of the United States. Scientific hypothesis of the study is that the dollar and the financial institutions of the United States are key components of the modern economic world order and substantiate the monetary and financial hegemony of the United States, which consists in the ability of the United States to control the world economy, influence the economic situation in different countries, and implement its geopolitical goals with the help of economic instruments. This article contains an analysis of the US foreign economic policy aimed at the maintaining the primacy of the United States in both the sphere of world monetary and financial relations and in the political dimension. The article provides a summary of the most important events in the economic history of the dollar: the collapse of the Bretton Woods system and the 2008 global financial crisis. Particular attention is paid to the financial instruments of US foreign policy influence, in particular, access to financial markets, investments, as well as the use of the IMF as an instrument for achieving US foreign policy goals. The scientific novelty lies in the approach to US geoeconomics, namely the imposition of the economic dimension on the political one. As a result, it is concluded that the US dollar, the Federal Reserve System and the IMF are indeed the most authoritative and significant components of the existing world economic system, using which the United States acts as a monetary and financial hegemon and has a wide range of tools to control the global financial system.

A Short History of Police and Policing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Emsley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Short History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

The police are constantly under scrutiny. They are criticized for failings, praised for successes, and hailed as heroes for their sacrifices. Starting from the premise that every society has norms and ways of dealing with transgressors, this book traces the evolution of the multiple forms of ‘policing’ that existed in the past. It examines the historical development of the various bodies, individuals, and officials who carried these out in different societies, in Europe and European colonies, but also with reference to countries such as ancient Egypt, China, and the United States. By demonstrating that policing was never the exclusive dominion of the police, and that the institution of the police, as we know it today, is a relatively recent creation, the book explores the idea and reality of policing, and shows how an institution we now call ‘the police’ came to be virtually universal in our modern world.

Sectoral conflict and foreign economic policy, 1914–1940

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Frieden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Economic ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
World War I ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
History Of

The period from 1914 to 1940 is one of the most crucial and enigmatic in modern world history, and in the history of modern U.S. foreign policy. World War I catapulted the United States into international economic and political leadership, yet in the aftermath of the war, despite grandiose Wilsonian plans, the United States quickly lapsed into relative disregard for events abroad: it did not join the League of Nations, disavowed responsibility for European reconstruction, would not participate openly in many international economic conferences, and restored high levels of tariff protection for the domestic market. Only in the late 1930s and 1940s, after twenty years of bitter battles over foreign policy, did the United States move to center stage of world politics and economics: it built the United Nations and a string of regional alliances, underwrote the rebuilding of Western Europe, almost single-handedly constructed a global monetary and financial system, and led the world in commercial liberalization.

How Do We Write, Now?

PMLA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Chakravorty Spiyak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global South ◽  
Modern Language Association ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

How do we write, now? since i am writing for the pages of the publications of the modern language association of america, I presume the “we” here describes teachers of literature in the United States. I, outside in that “we,” think that most of us write, for a variety of reasons, with the presumed inclusion of “the global South” in our audience; although I also have the feeling that a lot of us, folks that I do not really know, ignore this requirement altogether. Geraldine Heng's important work has made us aware of this absence in the study of the literature of the Middle Ages. From the early modern era on, however, progressive writing does have this cultural requirement.

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