1. Early abolitionism

Abolitionism ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Richard S. Newman
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Age Of Revolution ◽  
Spanish Caribbean ◽  
Slave Rebellions

Among the first documented slave rebellions was a 1522 uprising of captive Africans in the Spanish Caribbean. “Early abolitionism: prophets versus profits” describes how new allies of enslaved people helped put abolition on the Atlantic World’s political and cultural radar during the late-1600s and early-1700s. However, as European empires built New World economies, they created massive labor needs. The first formal challenge to bondage in colonial America was the Quakers’ Germantown Protest in 1688. The work of influential abolitionist figures such as Anthony Benezet is described along with the progress of abolitionism during the Age of Revolution. American abolitionists had to overcome political fears about disunion as well as pro-slavery arguments about bondage’s economic importance.

Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvan Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

Abstract At present, in the New World, C. arizonica and its varieties are of low economic importance, but they are sometimes cut for fenceposts, fuelwood and lumber, and recently they have become popular as Christmas trees. By contrast, the Arizona cypress (C. arizonica var. arizonica) and the smooth cypress (C. arizonica var. glabra) are widespread in Europe and are used for landscaping, erosion control, windbreaks, and to a minor extent for lumber.

Catholics in Colonial America (1500–1700)

2020 ◽  
pp. 325-355
Author(s):  
David W. Kling
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
North America ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
New World ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Alta California ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
The Caribbean

Conversionary efforts in the New World mirrored attitudes and practices in the Old. Christendom remained as much a project in the New as in the Old, and thus religious differences remained as problematic in the Americas as they did in Europe. Images of military conflict—combat, battle, and victory—language familiar on the Continent—infused the outlook of early modern Catholic missionaries, whereas Spanish and French missionaries in the New World often had the arm of the state to protect them and, all too often, to coerce the natives. This chapter selectively examines initial missionary efforts in a variety of locations—Spanish missionary outreach in the Caribbean, Peru, and Alta California and French missions in North America. The depth of Native American conversions was as varied as the methods used to produce them. On a superficial level, conversion meant a transfer of loyalty or allegiance, often without a full knowledge of what that transfer entailed. Or, with defeat, conversion might represent a conscious acknowledgment of the more powerful Christian God over weaker traditional deities.

Early Modern Afro-Caribbean Healers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo F. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Native American ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Body ◽  
New World ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Cultural Survival ◽  
Spanish Caribbean ◽  
Natural Landscapes

In the early modern Spanish Caribbean, ritual practitioners of African descent were essential providers of health care for Caribbean people of all origins. Arriving from West and West Central Africa, Europe, and other Caribbean and New World locales, black healers were some of the most important shapers of practices related to the human body in the region. They openly performed bodily rituals of African, European, and Native American inspiration. Theirs is not a history uniquely defined by resistance or attempts at cultural survival, but rather by the creation of political and social capital through healing practices. Such a project was only possible through their exploration of and engagement with early modern Caribbean human and natural landscapes.

African and European Bound Labor in the British New World: The Biological Consequences of Economic Choices

1997 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. P. Coelho ◽  
Robert A. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
New World ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
Economic Choices

This article offers an explanation for the regional differences in the use of African and European bound labor in colonial America. The migrations of Africans and Europeans to the Americas set in motion an evolutionary process that caused regional changes in the disease ecology of the New World. Biological and epidemiological differences among populations explain the different regional labor supply choices. This article emphasizes the interactions between changing populations and disease environments. Diseases are intermediaries through which populations interact by causing illness and death. Not all populations are equally afflicted by specific diseases. Therein lies the story.

Paleocoastal Marine Fishing on the Pacific Coast of the Americas: Perspectives from Daisy Cave, California

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben C. Rick ◽  
Jon M. Erlandson ◽  
René L. Vellanoweth
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Marine Fishing

Analysis of over 27,000 fish bones from strata at Daisy Cave dated between about 11,500 and 8500 cal B.P. suggests that early Channel Islanders fished relatively intensively in a variety of habitats using a number of distinct technologies, including boats and the earliest evidence for hook-and-line fishing on the Pacific Coast of the Americas. The abundance of fish remains and fishing-related artifacts supports dietary reconstructions that suggest fish provided more than 50 percent of the edible meat represented in faunal samples from the early Holocene site strata. The abundance and economic importance of fish at Daisy Cave, unprecedented among early sites along the Pacific Coast of North America, suggest that early maritime capabilities on the Channel Islands were both more advanced and more variable than previously believed. When combined with a survey of fish remains from several other early Pacific Coast sites, these data suggest that early New World peoples effectively used watercraft, captured a diverse array of fish, and exploited a variety of marine habitats and resources.

Bark Beetles of the Genus Carphoborus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 502-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
New World ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Old World ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
The North

The genus Carphoborus is widely distributed in the Holarctic realm. It occurs from the northern limits of tree growth south in the Old World to India and northern Africa and in the New World to Baja California, New Mexico, Mississippi, and Florida.All of the North American species breed in the inner bark of coniferous trees of the genera Pinus, Picea, and Pseudotsuga. Branches that are being shaded out or are broken, but still hanging in the tree, are generally preferred for the construction of galleries. A few species have been reported from slash; however, they are usually not aggressive or abundant enough to survive in competition ivith other bark beetles normally found in slash. The economic importance of the genus is not great; the hahit of breeding in the unthrifty lower branches of coniferous trees contributes slightly toward accelerating the natural pruning of the trees and consequently aids in the production of a higher quality of timber.

The “Fused Horizon” of Abolitionism and Islam

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-265
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Mathews
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Slave Rebellions ◽  
Radical Critique ◽  
Regional Histories ◽  
Evidential Basis

Abstract This article considers slavery and abolition in Muslim societies globally as a historical and historicist problem. I argue that the changes in popular consensus among Muslims about the desirability and permissibility of owning slaves is primarily due to a Gadamerian “fused horizon” of abolitionism and Islam. I theorize one site of its emergence from interreligious African cooperation in New World slave rebellions. By studying slavery as a global process and parochializing the boundaries between the civilizational and regional histories of Islam, Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas, there emerges a radical critique of slavery and capitalism that combines elements of both abolitionism and Islam. The historical experience of enslaved people provides an experiential and evidential basis for this new hermeneutical horizon.

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