Bark Beetles of the Genus Carphoborus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 502-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
New World ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Old World ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
The North

The genus Carphoborus is widely distributed in the Holarctic realm. It occurs from the northern limits of tree growth south in the Old World to India and northern Africa and in the New World to Baja California, New Mexico, Mississippi, and Florida.All of the North American species breed in the inner bark of coniferous trees of the genera Pinus, Picea, and Pseudotsuga. Branches that are being shaded out or are broken, but still hanging in the tree, are generally preferred for the construction of galleries. A few species have been reported from slash; however, they are usually not aggressive or abundant enough to survive in competition ivith other bark beetles normally found in slash. The economic importance of the genus is not great; the hahit of breeding in the unthrifty lower branches of coniferous trees contributes slightly toward accelerating the natural pruning of the trees and consequently aids in the production of a higher quality of timber.

Conspecificity of Plantago fastigiata of North America with P. ovata of the Old World

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1865-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Bassett ◽  
B. R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Old World ◽  
The North ◽  
The 19Th Century

Comparative morphological and palynological studies have been carried out on Plantago fastigiata (P. insularis) of the New World and P. ovata, including some closely allied species of section Leucopsyllium, of the Old World. As a result, P. fastigiata is regarded as conspecific with P. ovata. It is postulated that the North American populations known as P. fastigiata are introductions of P. ovata dating from the late 18th and the beginning of the 19th century by early settlers in California.

scholarly journals Multiple Introductions of the Old World Begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus into the New World

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (21) ◽  
pp. 7114-7117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobain Duffy ◽  
Edward C. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Old World ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

ABSTRACT A phylogenetic analysis of three genomic regions revealed that Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) from western North America is distinct from TYLCV isolated in eastern North America and the Caribbean. This analysis supports a second introduction of this Old World begomovirus into the New World, most likely from Asia.

A 200-Year Perspective of Climate Variability and the Response of White Spruce in Interior Alaska

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Patrick Juday ◽  
Valerie Barber
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Boreal Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Summer Temperatures

The two most important life functions that organisms carry out to persist in the environment are reproduction and growth. In this chapter we examine the role of climate and climate variability as controlling factors in the growth of one of the most important and productive of the North American boreal forest tree species, white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss). Because the relationship between climate and tree growth is so close, tree-ring properties have been used successfully for many years as a proxy to reconstruct past climates. Our recent reconstruction of nineteenth- century summer temperatures at Fairbanks based on white spruce tree-ring characteristics (Barber et al. in press) reveals a fundamental pattern of quasi-decadal climate variability. The values in this reconstruction of nineteenth-century Fairbanks summer temperatures are surprisingly warm compared to values in much of the published paleoclimatic literature for boreal North America. In this chapter we compare our temperature reconstructions with ring-width records in northern and south-central Alaska to see whether tree-growth signals in the nineteenth century in those regions are consistent with tree-ring characteristics in and near Bonanza Creek (BNZ) LTER (25 km southwest of Fairbanks) that suggest warm temperatures during the mid-nineteenth century. We also present a conceptual model of key limiting events in white spruce reproduction and compare it to a 39-year record of seed fall at BNZ. Finally, we derive a radial growth pattern index from white spruce at nine stands across Interior Alaska that matches recent major seed crop events in the BNZ monitoring period, and we identify dates after 1800 when major seed crops of white spruce, which are infrequent, may have been produced. The boreal region is characterized by a broad zone of forest with a continuous distribution across Eurasia and North America, amounting to about 17% of the earth’s land surface area (Bonan et al. 1992). The boreal region is often conceived of as a zone of relatively homogenous climate, but in fact a surprising diversity of climates are present. During the long days of summer, continental interior locations under persistent high-pressure systems experience hot weather that can promote extensive forest fires frequently exceeding 100 kilohectares (K ha). Summer daily maximum temperatures are cooled to a considerable degree in maritime portions of the boreal region affected by air masses that originate over the North Atlantic, North Pacific, or Arctic Oceans.

Negative concord in the Old and New World: Evidence from Scotland

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Smith
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Old World ◽  
Colonization Period

In this article, I conduct a quantitative analysis of negative concord in Buckie, a relic dialect from the northeast of Scotland, and compare these findings with transported varieties of English in North America. Two major results arise from the analysis. First, Buckie has high rates of use of negative concord to indeterminates within the same clause, as do all the dialects included in the study. Second, negative concord in other environments is found in certain varieties in the New World that have no counterparts in the Old World. I suggest that the quantitative similarities can be explained in terms of the primitive status of negative concord in vernacular varieties of English, in combination with a shared linguistic heritage during the colonial period. The qualitative differences demonstrate that contexts of linguistic heterogeneity in North America during the early colonization period led to an extension and restructuring of the original rules.

A NEW SUBSPECIES OF SENECIO MOHAVENSIS (COMPOSITAE) REVEALS OLD–NEW WORLD SPECIES DISJUNCTION

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. COLEMAN ◽  
D. G. FORBES ◽  
R. J. ABBOTT
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
New World ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
The North ◽  
Westerly Direction ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Fertile Hybrids

Examination of morphology, ploidy and interfertility in the two subspecies of the Old World Senecio flavus (Decne.) Sch. Bip. (Compositae) and the closely related New World S. mohavensis A. Gray does not support the subspecific taxonomy of S. flavus. On the basis of our results S. flavus subsp. breviflorus Kadereit is transferred to S. mohavensis as a new subspecies: S. mohavensis subsp. breviflorus (Kadereit) M. Coleman comb. nov. The new subspecies has a distribution that includes Arabia, the Middle East, Sinai, Iran, Afghanistan, Djibouti, and the Thar Desert of Pakistan. The type subspecies of S. mohavensis occurs in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts of North America, providing an unusual disjunct distribution at the species level. Separation from S. flavus is based upon differences in morphology and chromosome number. Senecio flavus is diploid (2n = 20), while both subspecies of S. mohavensis are tetraploid (2n = 40). Further support for the new taxonomic treatment is provided by the results of controlled crosses. No artificial hybrids have been generated from crosses made between the previously recognized subspecies of S. flavus, while crosses between the newly recognized subspecies of S. mohavensis have produced fertile hybrids. The fertility of the hybrids is significantly lower than the parental taxa (P<0.001), indicating partial genetic divergence since isolation. Previous studies of isozyme and cpDNA variation in all three taxa also support the new treatment. The similarity of the S. mohavensis subspecies suggests a relatively recent separation, although the amount of genetic divergence does not support a post-Colombian introduction. Given that land bridges to North America via Beringia and the North Atlantic last existed in the Oligocene, long-distance dispersal seems the most likely explanation. Natural dispersal to rather than from the New World is supported, but whether this took place in an easterly or westerly direction is unclear. The evolution of S. mohavensis remains equivocal.

Les Quakers et l’Exil en Amerique du Nord au XVIIe siecle

Moreana ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (Number 171- (3-4) ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne-Henriette Louis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Good News ◽  
Divine Nature ◽  
William Penn ◽  
Missionary Zeal ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Xviie Siecle ◽  
Inner Light

Friends and exile in North America in the 17th century. Quakers (or Friends) like to consider Adam’s fall as an exile from divine nature towards animal nature, and the quest for “ Inner Light” as a reverse exile, a return to divine nature. Their “theologian”, Robert Barclay, explained this in a very clear way in his Apology of the true Christian divinity, as the fame is held forth, and preached, by the people called, in scorn, Quakers, published in 1675. The missionary zeal of Friends at the beginning of their movement, led them to announce the good news of redemption in North America as soon as 1656, which brought persecution on them during three decades. Banishment, and even death penalty, were the kind of exile imposed upon Friends by Boston Puritans and by other settlers on the North American coast. Pennsylvania’s Holy Experiment launched by William Penn offered for several decades a space for creativity for the voluntary exile of Quakers and Mennonites who left Europe in quest of a spiritual New World. Officially ended in 1756, the Holy Experiment of Pennsylvania goes through an apparent exile from this date. But we can find its values in other places, at other times. Redemption belongs to a world which is not invisible, but unseen because of many people’s blindness.

A Note on the Occurrence of Catallagia dacenkoi Ioff in North America, with the Description of a Nearctic Subspecies (Siphonaptera: Neopsyllidae)

1951 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Holland
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Old World ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Close Affinity ◽  
Central Russia

As the flea fauna of mammals of northern North America becomes better known, its very close affinity with that of temperate and northern Asia becomes more apparent. Many of the genera are holarctic and are associated with holarctic genera of mammals. In a few instances, the fleas of the Old World and the New World are so similar in morphological details and host association that they are regarded as subspecies. For example, Amphipsylla sibirica (Wagner), Malaraeus penicilliger (Grube), Megabothris calcarifer (Wagner), and Hoplopsyllus glacialis (Taschenberg) have representatives in both the nearctic and the palaearctic regions. To this list must now be added Catallagia dacenkoi Ioff, a parasite of Microtinae; this species was described originally (Ioff, 1940, pp. 216-217) from the Altai Mountains of central Russia, and a new subspecies has now been discovered in northern Canada and Alaska.

Some Amerasian Pottery Traits in North Asian Prehistory

1953 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Tolstoy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Subject

Asiatic origins have, at one time or another, been suggested or at least considered for a number of traits connected with the manufacture and decoration of the earlier New World pottery. The well-known paper by McKern (1937) is among the most explicit statements on the subject. Griffin (1946; Sears and Griffin 1950a) has held similar views for some time. Like McKern, he has primarily in mind traits of the Woodland pattern of eastern North America, although he also mentions some non-Woodland traits among those which have counterparts in the Old World (1946, p. 45).Since McKern's paper, the distribution in time of the traits involved has become a lot better established. With the help of the still suspiciously regarded radiocarbon dates, our perspective on ceramic history in the United States has been extended over a span which appears to be that of some four millennia. Among the more significant additions to the Asiatic half of the distributional picture first place must be given to recent Soviet work in eastern Siberia.

The North American Species of the Family Opomyzidae (Diptera: Acalypterae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 503-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Vockeroth
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
North American Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family

The family Opomyzidae is composed of small (2.0 mm.-4.4 mm.), slender, usually brown or reddish flies; the wings have at least an apical spot and are usually more heavily marked. Several species of the genus Geomyza have the wings reduced and are nearly flightless. The few species whose larvae are known feed in grass stems. Some are of minor economic importance in Europe but none have been so reported in North America.

Jumping spider phylogeny (Araneae : Salticidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne P. Maddison ◽  
Marshal C. Hedin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Jumping Spider ◽  
Old World ◽  
Jumping Spiders

A phylogenetic analysis of five sequenced genes (28S, 16S, EF1-α, CO1, ND1) from 81 genera of jumping spiders (Salticidae) and five outgroups supports the monophyly of the Dendryphantinae and Euophryinae and refines the concepts of the Plexippinae and Pelleninae. The clade that excludes lyssomanines and spartaeines and contains the bulk of salticid species is formally named as the Salticoida. The previously proposed clade delimited by an embolus articulated and separated from the tegulum by a developed distal hematodocha (as opposed to fused immovably to the tegulum) is rejected, suggesting the 'free embolus' evolved independently several times. Three major clades are discovered, the Marpissoida (including Dendryphantinae, Marpissinae and smaller groups such as synagelines), the Plexippoida (plexippines plus pellenines) and the Amycoida (including Amycinae, Sitticinae, Hyetusseae, Hurieae, Synemosyninae). The amycoids form a large neotropical radiation from which only a single known group (Sitticus and Attulus) has reached the Old World. The marpissoids also constitute a major New World group with relatively few species in the Old World. In contrast, the Plexippoida is predominantly an Old World group (except for the spectacular radiation of Habronattus in North America), as is the Heliophaninae. These results suggest that much of salticid diversification occurred after the separation of the continents of the Old World and New World.

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