117 * LIFE COURSE INFLUENCES OF PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND PERSONALITY ON ATTITUDES TO AGING IN THE LOTHIAN BIRTH COHORT 1936

ABSTRACTBackground:We examined the associations between serum cholesterol measures, statin use, and cognitive function measured in childhood and in old age. The possibility that lifelong (trait) cognitive ability accounts for any cross-sectional associations between cholesterol and cognitive performance in older age, seen in observational studies, has not been tested to date.Methods:Participants were 1,043 men and women from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 Study, most of whom had participated in a nationwide IQ-type test in childhood (Scottish Mental Survey of 1947), and were followed up at about age 70 years. Serum cholesterol measures included total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio. Cognitive outcome measures were age 70 IQ (using the same test as at age 11 years), general cognitive ability (g), processing speed, memory, and verbal ability.Results:Higher TC, higher HDL-C, and lower triglycerides were associated with higher age 70 cognitive scores in most cognitive domains. These relationships were no longer significant after covarying for childhood IQ, with the exception a markedly attenuated association between TC and processing speed, and triglycerides and age 70 IQ. In the fully adjusted model, all conventionally significant (p < 0.05) effects were removed. Childhood IQ predicted statin use in old age. Statin users had lower g, processing speed, and verbal ability scores at age 70 years after covarying for childhood IQ, but significance was lost after adjusting for TC levels.Conclusions:These results suggest that serum cholesterol and cognitive function are associated in older age via the lifelong stable trait of intelligence. Potential mechanisms, including lifestyle factors, are discussed.

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Psychological and physical health at age 70 in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936: Links with early life IQ, SES, and current cognitive function and neighborhood environment.

Health Psychology ◽

10.1037/a0021834 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Wendy Johnson ◽

Janie Corley ◽

John M. Starr ◽

Ian J. Deary

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Physical Health ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Early Life ◽

Neighborhood Environment ◽

Lothian Birth Cohort

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Is life-course neighbourhood deprivation associated with frailty and frailty progression from age 70 to 82 in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936?

10.1101/2021.09.03.21263087 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gergo Baranyi ◽

Miles Welstead ◽

Janie Corley ◽

Ian Deary ◽

Graciela Muniz-Terrera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Social Deprivation ◽

Frailty Index ◽

Sensitive Period ◽

Future Research ◽

Late Adulthood ◽

Neighbourhood Deprivation ◽

Lothian Birth Cohort ◽

The Life Course

Background Neighbourhood features have been postulated as key predictors of frailty. However, evidence is mainly limited to cross-sectional studies without indication of long-term impact and developmental timing of the exposures. This study explored how neighbourhood social deprivation (NSD) across the life course is associated with frailty and frailty progression among older Scottish adults. Methods Participants (n=323) were from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 with historical measures of NSD in childhood (1936-1955), early adulthood (1956-1975) and mid-to-late adulthood (1976-2014). Frailty was measured five times between the ages of 70 and 82 years using the Frailty Index. Confounder-adjusted life-course models were assessed using a structured modelling approach with least angle regression; associations were estimated for frailty at baseline using linear regression, and for frailty progression using linear mixed-effects models. Results Accumulation was the most appropriate life-course model for males; greater accumulated NSD was associated with higher frailty at age 70 (b=0.017; 95%CI: 0.005, 0.029; P=0.007) with dominant exposure times in childhood and mid-to-late adulthood. Among females, mid-to-late adulthood sensitive period was the best-fit life-course model and higher NSD in this period was associated with widening frailty trajectories between age 70 and 82 (b=0.005; 95%CI: 0.0004, 0.009, P=0.033). Conclusions This is the first investigation of the life-course impact of neighbourhood deprivation on frailty in a cohort of older adults with residential information across their lives. Future research should explore neighbourhood mechanisms linking deprivation to frailty. Policies designed to address neighbourhood deprivation and inequalities across the full life course may support healthy ageing.

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Epigenetic signatures of smoking associate with cognitive function, brain structure, and mental and physical health outcomes in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-019-0576-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Janie Corley ◽

Simon R. Cox ◽

Sarah E. Harris ◽

Maria Valdéz Hernandez ◽

Susana Muñoz Maniega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Physical Health ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Smoking Exposure ◽

Eta Squared ◽

Lothian Birth Cohort

Abstract Recent advances in genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) profiling for smoking behaviour have given rise to a new, molecular biomarker of smoking exposure. It is unclear whether a smoking-associated DNAm (epigenetic) score has predictive value for ageing-related health outcomes which is independent of contributions from self-reported (phenotypic) smoking measures. Blood DNA methylation levels were measured in 895 adults aged 70 years in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) study using the Illumina 450K assay. A DNA methylation score based on 230 CpGs was used as a proxy for smoking exposure. Associations between smoking variables and health outcomes at age 70 were modelled using general linear modelling (ANCOVA) and logistic regression. Additional analyses of smoking with brain MRI measures at age 73 (n = 532) were performed. Smoking-DNAm scores were positively associated with self-reported smoking status (P < 0.001, eta-squared ɳ2 = 0.63) and smoking pack years (r = 0.69, P < 0.001). Higher smoking DNAm scores were associated with variables related to poorer cognitive function, structural brain integrity, physical health, and psychosocial health. Compared with phenotypic smoking, the methylation marker provided stronger associations with all of the cognitive function scores, especially visuospatial ability (P < 0.001, partial eta-squared ɳp2 = 0.022) and processing speed (P < 0.001, ɳp2 = 0.030); inflammatory markers (all P < 0.001, ranges from ɳp2 = 0.021 to 0.030); dietary patterns (healthy diet (P < 0.001, ɳp2 = 0.052) and traditional diet (P < 0.001, ɳp2 = 0.032); stroke (P = 0.006, OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.12, 1.96); mortality (P < 0.001, OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.42, 1.79), and at age 73; with MRI volumetric measures (all P < 0.001, ranges from ɳp2 = 0.030 to 0.052). Additionally, education was the most important life-course predictor of lifetime smoking tested. Our results suggest that a smoking-associated methylation biomarker typically explains a greater proportion of the variance in some smoking-related morbidities in older adults, than phenotypic measures of smoking exposure, with some of the accounted-for variance being independent of phenotypic smoking status.

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S4-01-03: LIFE COURSE AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN SCOTLAND: MODELLED HISTORICAL AIR POLLUTION DATA AND THE LOTHIAN BIRTH COHORT 1936

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2861 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (7S_Part_26) ◽

pp. P1381-P1381 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tom C. Russ ◽

Mark PC. Cherrie ◽

Chris Dibben ◽

Sam J. Tomlinson ◽

Stefan Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Life Course ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Air Pollution Exposure ◽

Lothian Birth Cohort ◽

Pollution Exposure

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Caffeine Consumption and Cognitive Function at Age 70: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 Study

Psychosomatic Medicine ◽

10.1097/psy.0b013e3181c92a9c ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 206-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Janie Corley ◽

Xueli Jia ◽

Janet A. M. Kyle ◽

Alan J. Gow ◽

Caroline E. Brett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Caffeine Consumption ◽

Lothian Birth Cohort

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Identifying the lifetime cognitive and socioeconomic antecedents of cognitive state: seven decades of follow-up in a British birth cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024404 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. e024404 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M Richards ◽

Sarah-Naomi James ◽

Alison Sizer ◽

Nikhil Sharma ◽

Mark Rawle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Life Course ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Later Life ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Cognitive State ◽

Occupational Complexity

ObjectivesThe life course determinants of midlife and later life cognitive function have been studied using longitudinal population-based cohort data, but far less is known about whether the pattern of these pathways is similar or distinct for clinically relevant cognitive state. We investigated this for Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination third edition (ACE-III), used in clinical settings to screen for cognitive impairment and dementia.DesignLongitudinal birth cohort study.SettingResidential addresses in England, Wales and Scotland.Participants1762 community-dwelling men and women of European heritage, enrolled since birth in the Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Health and Development (the British 1946 birth cohort).Primary outcomeACE-III.ResultsPath modelling estimated direct and indirect associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) status, father’s social class, childhood cognition, education, midlife occupational complexity, midlife verbal ability (National Adult Reading Test; NART), and the total ACE-III score. Controlling for sex, there was a direct negative association betweenAPOEε4 and the ACE-III score (β=−0.04 [–0.08 to –0.002], p=0.04), but not betweenAPOEε4 and childhood cognition (β=0.03 [–0.006 to 0.069], p=0.10) or the NART (β=0.0005 [–0.03 to 0.03], p=0.97). The strongest influences on the ACE-III were from childhood cognition (β=0.20 [0.14 to 0.26], p<0.001) and the NART (β=0.35 [0.29 to 0.41], p<0.001); educational attainment and occupational complexity were modestly and independently associated with the ACE-III (β=0.08 [0.03 to 0.14], p=0.002 and β=0.05 [0.01 to 0.10], p=0.02, respectively).ConclusionsThe ACE-III in the general population shows a pattern of life course antecedents that is similar to neuropsychological measures of cognitive function, and may be used to represent normal cognitive ageing as well as a screen for cognitive impairment and dementia.

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Cognitive function across the life course and the menopausal transition in a British birth cohort

Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society ◽

10.1097/01.gme.0000196592.36711.a0 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Helen S Kok ◽

Diana Kuh ◽

Rachel Cooper ◽

Yvonne T van der Schouw ◽

Diederick E Grobbee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Life Course ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Menopausal Transition ◽

The Life Course

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Life course influences of physical and cognitive function and personality on attitudes to aging in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610214000301 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 1417-1430 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Susan D. Shenkin ◽

Ken Laidlaw ◽

Mike Allerhand ◽

Gillian E. Mead ◽

John M. Starr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Physical Disability ◽

Well Being ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Self Report ◽

Physical Change ◽

Psychological Growth ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Lothian Birth Cohort

ABSTRACTBackground:Reports of attitudes to aging from older people themselves are scarce. Which life course factors predict differences in these attitudes is unknown.Methods:We investigated life course influences on attitudes to aging in healthy, community-dwelling people in the UK. Participants in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 completed a self-report questionnaire (Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire, AAQ) at around age 75 (n = 792, 51.4% male). Demographic, social, physical, cognitive, and personality/mood predictors were assessed, around age 70. Cognitive ability data were available at age 11.Results:Generally positive attitudes were reported in all three domains: low Psychosocial Loss, high Physical Change, and high Psychological Growth. Hierarchical multiple regression found that demographic, cognitive, and physical variables each explained a relatively small proportion of the variance in attitudes to aging, with the addition of personality/mood variables contributing most significantly. Predictors of attitudes to Psychosocial Loss were high neuroticism; low extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness; high anxiety and depression; and more physical disability. Predictors of attitudes to Physical Change were: high extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness; female sex; social class; and less physical disability. Personality predictors of attitudes to Psychological Growth were similar. In contrast, less affluent environment, living alone, lower vocabulary scores, and slower walking speed predicted more positive attitudes in this domain.Conclusions:Older people's attitudes to aging are generally positive. The main predictors of attitude are personality traits. Influencing social circumstances, physical well-being, or mood may result in more positive attitudes. Alternatively, interventions to influence attitudes may have a positive impact on associated physical and affective changes.

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