scholarly journals 171 Programme Theory to Guide the Adoption of Assisted Decision Making with Older People in Acute Healthcare: Realist Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii1-iii16
Author(s):  
Carmel Davies ◽  
Deirdre O'Donnell ◽  
Éidín Ní Shé ◽  
Sarah Donnelly ◽  
Francesco Fattori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Older People ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Programme Theory ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
People With Dementia

Abstract Background In Ireland, the Assisted Decision-Making (ADM) (Capacity) Act and emerging Codes of Practice provide a legal framework for Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) to enable ADM for patients with impaired capacity. ADM ensures that a person’s will and preference is at the centre of all decisions related to their care. This study conducted a realist evaluation and developed a Programme Theory (PT) to highlight how ADM for older people can be operationalised within an Acute Care (AC) context. Methods Key informants with interest in ADM informed this evaluation. Interviews were conducted in two Acute Care (AC) sites with multidisciplinary HCPs working within older person services (n=20). Interviews with informants that recently received care within an AC setting involved older people (n=3) people with dementia (n=4) and family carers (n=5). Ethnographic observations from AC multidisciplinary team meetings also informed the review. The framework that guided the qualitative analysis was from a PT informed by literature on ADM implementation in healthcare (O'Donnell, Ní Shé, Davies et al.2018). Results The refined PT is supported by credible evidence that is informed by authentic experiences of decision making support in the AC setting. Validation groups (n=4) with the key informants verified the PT. Three mechanisms were identified as a positive climate and receptive environment for the adoption of formal ADM. These are: AC settings that adopt inter-professional accountability and shared responsibility for patient care that is guided by a clear policy process. Acute care and practice that is informed by a shared commitment to person-centred care and shared decision making. HCPs that operate within an AC setting where organisational learning informs practice through inter-professional training, mentorship and peer support. Conclusion Involving stakeholders in PT development enhances the utility, feasibility and applicability of the results. This PT provides a framework for those planning ADM implementation within the AC settings.

scholarly journals Quality improvement collaborative aiming for Proactive HEAlthcare of Older People in Care Homes (PEACH): a realist evaluation protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e023287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Devi ◽  
Julienne Meyer ◽  
Jay Banerjee ◽  
Claire Goodman ◽  
John Raymond Fletcher Gladman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Older People ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Quality Improvement Initiative ◽  
Quality Improvement Collaborative ◽  
Programme Theory ◽  
Health And Social Care

IntroductionThis protocol describes a study of a quality improvement collaborative (QIC) to support implementation and delivery of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in UK care homes. The QIC will be formed of health and social care professionals working in and with care homes and will be supported by clinical, quality improvement and research specialists. QIC participants will receive quality improvement training using the Model for Improvement. An appreciative approach to working with care homes will be encouraged through facilitated shared learning events, quality improvement coaching and assistance with project evaluation.Methods and analysisThe QIC will be delivered across a range of partnering organisations which plan, deliver and evaluate health services for care home residents in four local areas of one geographical region. A realist evaluation framework will be used to develop a programme theory informing how QICs are thought to work, for whom and in what ways when used to implement and deliver CGA in care homes. Data collection will involve participant observations of the QIC over 18 months, and interviews/focus groups with QIC participants to iteratively define, refine, test or refute the programme theory. Two researchers will analyse field notes, and interview/focus group transcripts, coding data using inductive and deductive analysis. The key findings and linked programme theory will be summarised as context-mechanism-outcome configurations describing what needs to be in place to use QICs to implement service improvements in care homes.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was reviewed by the National Health Service Health Research Authority (London Bromley research ethics committee reference: 205840) and the University of Nottingham (reference: LT07092016) ethics committees. Both determined that the Proactive HEAlthcare of Older People in Care Homes study was a service and quality improvement initiative. Findings will be shared nationally and internationally through conference presentations, publication in peer-reviewed journals, a graphical illustration and a dissemination video.

scholarly journals An analysis of equity in treatment of hip fractures for older patients with dementia in acute care hospitals: observational study using nationwide hospital claims data in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Tomioka ◽  
Megumi Rosenberg ◽  
Kiyohide Fushimi ◽  
Shinya Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Older People ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Acute Care Settings

Abstract Background Globally, and particularly in countries with rapidly ageing populations like Japan, there are growing concerns over the heavy burden of ill health borne by older people, and the capacity of the health system to ensure their access to quality care. Older people with dementia may face even greater barriers to appropriate care in acute care settings. Yet, studies about the care quality for older patients with dementia in acute care settings are still few. The objective of this study is to assess whether dementia status is associated with poorer treatment by examining the association of a patient’s dementia status with the probability of receiving surgery and the waiting time until surgery for a hip fracture in acute care hospitals in Japan. Methods All patients with closed hip fracture were extracted from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database between April 2014 and March 2018. After excluding complicated cases, we conducted regressions with multilevel models. We used two outcome measures: (i) whether the patient received a surgery or was treated by watchful waiting; and (ii) number of waiting days until surgery after admission. Results Two hundred fourteen thousand six hundred one patients discharged from 1328 hospitals were identified. Among them, 159,173 patients received surgery. Both 80–89 year-olds (OR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84, 0.90) and those 90 years old and above (OR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.65, 0.70) had significantly lower odds ratios for receiving surgery compared to 65–79 year-olds. Those with severe dementia had a significantly greater likelihood of receiving surgery compared to those without dementia (OR 1.21; 95% CI, 1.16, 1.25). Patients aged 90 years old and above had shorter waiting time for surgery (Coef. -0.06; 95% CI, − 0.11, − 0.01). Mild dementia did not have a statistically significant impact on the number of waiting days until surgery (P = 0.34), whereas severe dementia was associated with shorter waiting days (Coef. -0.08; 95% CI, − 0.12, − 0.03). Conclusions These findings suggest physicians may be taking proactive measures to preserve physical function for those with severe dementia and to avoid prolonged hospitalization although there are no formal guidelines on prioritization for the aged and dementia patients.

Acute care management of older people with dementia: a qualitative perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Moyle ◽  
Sally Borbasi ◽  
Marianne Wallis ◽  
Rachel Olorenshaw ◽  
Natalie Gracia
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Care Management ◽  
People With Dementia

scholarly journals ‘I Want to Go Home Now’: Restraint Decisions for Dementia Patients in Western Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Allen ◽  
Tamara Tulich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Western Australian

This article examines the current legal framework for restraint of persons with dementia in Western Australian aged care facilities and evaluates it in light of recent developments at the national and international levels. It highlights how the current legal framework fails to adequately protect people with dementia and aged care professionals, and considers options for reform. We argue that the viability of supported decision-making for restraint decisions needs to be carefully considered, and that law reform is necessary to ensure that the best decisions are made, the dignity of dementia sufferers is protected, and that there are safeguards to prevent abuse.

scholarly journals Supporting shared decision-making for older people with multiple health and social care needs: a realist synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (28) ◽  
pp. 1-84
Author(s):  
Frances Bunn ◽  
Claire Goodman ◽  
Bridget Russell ◽  
Patricia Wilson ◽  
Jill Manthorpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Older People ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Programme Theory ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Multiple Health

BackgroundHealth-care systems are increasingly moving towards more integrated approaches. Shared decision-making (SDM) is central to these models but may be complicated by the need to negotiate and communicate decisions between multiple providers, as well as patients and their family carers; this is particularly the case for older people with complex needs.ObjectivesTo provide a context-relevant understanding of how models to facilitate SDM might work for older people with multiple health and care needs and how they might be applied to integrated care models.DesignRealist synthesis following Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) publication standards.ParticipantsTwenty-four stakeholders took part in interviews.Data sourcesElectronic databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google and Google Scholar (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA). Lateral searches were also carried out. All types of evidence were included.Review methodsIterative stakeholder-driven, three-stage approach, involving (1) scoping of the literature and stakeholder interviews (n = 13) to develop initial programme theory/ies, (2) systematic searches for evidence to test and develop the theories and (3) validation of programme theory/ies with stakeholders (n = 11).ResultsWe included 88 papers, of which 29 focused on older people or people with complex needs. We identified four theories (context–mechanism–outcome configurations) that together provide an account of what needs to be in place for SDM to work for older people with complex needs: understanding and assessing patient and carer values and capacity to access and use care; organising systems to support and prioritise SDM; supporting and preparing patients and family carers to engage in SDM; and a person-centred culture of which SDM is a part. Programmes likely to be successful in promoting SDM are those that create trust between those involved, allow service users to feel that they are respected and understood, and engender confidence to engage in SDM.LimitationsThere is a lack of evidence on interventions to promote SDM in older people with complex needs or on interprofessional approaches to SDM.ConclusionsModels of SDM for older people with complex health and care needs should be conceptualised as a series of conversations that patients, and their family carers, may have with a variety of different health and care professionals. To embed SDM in practice requires a shift from a biomedical focus to a more person-centred ethos. Service providers are likely to need support, both in terms of the way services are organised and delivered and in terms of their own continuing professional development. Older people with complex needs may need support to engage in SDM. How this support is best provided needs further exploration, although face-to-face interactions and ongoing patient–professional relationships are key.Future workThere is a need for further work to establish how organisational structures can be better aligned to meet the requirements of older people with complex needs. This includes a need to define and evaluate the contribution that different members of health and care teams can make to SDM for older people with complex health and care needs.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016039013.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

scholarly journals A translational case study of empowerment into practice: A realist evaluation of a member-led dementia empowerment service

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1974-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey McConnell ◽  
Paul Best ◽  
Tristan Sturm ◽  
Mabel Stevenson ◽  
Michael Donnelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Group Members

Involving people with dementia in decision-making is widely accepted as a means of empowering them to lead more independent lives and have more meaningful roles in shaping their care. However, there is a need to conduct rigorous evaluations of empowerment-driven services and policies in order to develop a deeper understanding about how to optimise successful implementation. This paper presents the results of an evaluation of Dementia Northern Ireland, an organisation initiated and led by people with dementia. We used a realist evaluation approach that comprised interviews with 15 people with dementia, three staff and two board members, ethnographic observations, along with documentary analysis to identify ‘what works, for whom, under what circumstances’. The analysis used realist logic to build up context-mechanism-outcome configurations. The Dementia Northern Ireland service model of empowerment revolved around the formation and maintenance of social groups of people with dementia. Facilitators, recruited and selected by people with dementia, supported six groups, consisting of one to four members with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Facilitators helped expand empowerment groups, facilitate decision-making, awareness raising and consultation opportunities with group members. The ‘Empowerment Groups’ appeared to lead to the development of a shared social identity and a sense of collective strength as indicated by interview and observational data demonstrating an activist mentality among group members to challenge the stigma surrounding dementia. Group members also reported improved quality of life. Widespread implementation of the empowerment model has the potential to lead to reduced stigma and greater social inclusion, increased involvement of people with dementia as active co-producers of policy and service development, better services and support. This case study of Dementia Northern Ireland illustrates that there are boundaries and challenges to empowerment in terms of requiring additional support from staff without dementia. However, despite these challenges, empowerment-driven organisations can and should be committed to involving members in lead roles and key decision-making.

scholarly journals Family caregivers and decision-making for older people with dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lottie Giertz ◽  
Ulla Melin Emilsson ◽  
Emme-Li Vingare
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Older People ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
People With Dementia

Older people's exercising of choice in long-term care: a comparative analysis of England and Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 1185-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHIMI WADA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Older People ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Rational Model ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Key Informants

ABSTRACTThere has been an increasing emphasis on choice for older people in long-term care in both England and Japan. However, despite the emphasis on the importance of choice, the perspectives of older people have been given little attention. Considering national and local policies in Bristol, England and Kyoto, Japan, the article explores how older people are exercising (and not exercising) choice in care practice through examining the perspectives of the older people themselves, as well as key informants in the field. Empirical data were collected from interviews with older people and key informants in the two countries, and were analysed using qualitative and comparative approaches. Choice in policy is regarded as a mechanism of the market with an assumption of the independent autonomous individual who can exercise ‘rational choice’. However, the findings have reflected older people's relational decision-making, which does not conform to the rational model of decision-making, and illustrates the value of ‘interdependence’. The findings from care practice have shown that choice was considered an important value in involving older people's views and ensuring their needs are met sensitively and respectfully. The findings also suggested that consideration of the psychological aspects of choice is an important aspect of ‘care’, facilitating the inclusion of older people's views in the process of making judgements, in order to meet their needs.

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